Qualitative Study Research Articles

The Views of Primary School Teachers and Parents on Homework at the Primary School Level are Discussed

This study aims to determine primary school teachers and parents' views on homework at the primary school level. The research was conducted using a phenomenological design and qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 27 primary school teachers and 31 parents of primary school students working in various public schools in a province of Turkey in the 2023–2024 academic year. The research was conducted with the appropriate sampling technique, which is within the scope of purposeful sampling techniques. The researcher created semi-structured interview forms to collect the research data. The researcher used content analysis to describe the research data. The data analysis revealed six main themes that pertain to the opinions of primary school teachers, and five main themes, categories, and codes that reflect the opinions of parents. The study's results revealed that primary school teachers frequently assigned homework to students to reinforce and practice their learning. Parents' support is crucial for the academic, affective, social, and behavioral benefits that homework offers students. The study's results show that parents have positive and negative judgments about homework and assume motivating, guiding, and supervising roles during homework assignments.

SOCIOPRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF SYMPATHY AND EMPATHY EXPRESSIONS FOUND ON INSTAGRAM IN A VIDEO OF CHILDREN IN GAZA

The genocide committed by Israel in Gaza is still ongoing to this day. This action has received enormous attention from people from all over the world because it has claimed many victims ranging from children, adults, to the elderly. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of expressions of sympathy and empathy and to clarify the intention of sympathy and empathy expressions given by Instagram users to videos of children in Gaza. E-ISSN: 2621-9158 P-ISSN:2356-0401 *Correspondence: mawarrrp05@gmail.com Submitted: 23 November 2024 Approved: 5 December 2024 Published: 9 December 2024 Citation: Puspitasari, M., & Ariatmi, S.Z. (2024). Sociopragmatics analysis of sympathy and empathy expressions found on instagram in a video of children in Gaza. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 11(2), 306-321. Doi: 10.22219/celtic.v11i2. 37721 This study used a qualitative descriptive method. This study used observation and documentation methods to find the data. Research reveal that there are 2 types of sympathy, namely passive sympathy and active sympathy. This study also reveals that there are 3 types of empathy, namely cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and compassionate empathy. As for the type of intention, 13 speech acts were found in this study, namely requesting, begging, proposing, vowing, thanking, apologizing, regretting, lamenting, blaming, praising, wishing, condoling, and criticizing. The findings of this study can be used to broaden understanding and make it easier for readers to distinguish expressions of sympathy and empathy.

The Influence of Stakeholder Involvement in the Adoption of Digital Technologies in the UK Construction Industry

This study explored stakeholder involvement practice in digitalisation of the construction industry in the UK, and the influence thereof in the adoption of digital technologies. A qualitative interpretive method was followed using a case study approach to collect data. Thematic analysis of twenty-four semi-structured interviews and sixty survey responses, which were conducted with different digital technologies adoption actors in the construction industry, allowed the identification of six final themes depicting the influence of stakeholder involvement in the adoption of digital technologies. The findings indicate that stakeholder involvement influence is a function of its embeddedness in an organisation digitalisation approach. Stakeholder involvement embeddedness in the approach, or lack thereof, dictates how the stakeholder landscape is planned and managed, and how communication between and with stakeholder groups occurs. This is the foundation of digitalisation value creation among stakeholders. The approach is prone to digitalisation limitations and intrinsic determinants of adoption, both of which can be positively impacted through better stakeholder involvement practices. Stakeholder involvement practices are therefore catalytic to the subsequent behaviour change for digital technologies adoption and the extent to which digital technologies become adopted. This paper contextualises stakeholder involvement in the adoption of digital technologies in the construction industry, highlighting the catalytic influence of stakeholder involvement embeddedness in the complex digitalisation activity system and its interplay with industry-specific practices and other digital technology adoption determinants.

Arabic Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Early Childhood: A Case Study at an Integrated Islamic Elementary School

This study explores the strategies and methods for teaching Arabic vocabulary to young children at an Integrated Islamic Primary School (SDIT). The research analyzes how different teaching approaches affect vocabulary acquisition in early childhood education. A qualitative descriptive method was used, with data collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The main strategies identified include visual and audio media, thematic approaches, repetition, and interactive games. The results highlighted that multisensory and Total Physical Response (TPR) methods significantly improved vocabulary retention and student participation. The communicative approach also proved effective in helping students use new vocabulary in practical contexts. The findings suggest combining visual, physical, and verbal techniques is the most effective way to improve vocabulary acquisition. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on language learning by providing insights into effective vocabulary teaching strategies in an Islamic educational setting, with implications for curriculum development and teacher training.

Sustainability of Interprofessional Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is an approach that can improve health care quality, contribute to the qualification of health care professionals, and train undergraduate students. Although this strategy has made significant progress in the last decade, integration, sustainability, and institutional growth are still priorities worldwide. Thus, maintaining strategies is essential for their full development and evolution. This study aimed to identify discussions about the sustainability of IPE and map its actions or strategies (or both). The scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. This scoping review protocol follows the JBI Reviewers' Manual, with 6 stages: identifying the research question; identifying relevant studies; study selection; data extraction and coding; analysis and interpretation of results; and consultation with stakeholders. Two independent and blind reviewers will evaluate and select studies available in English, Portuguese, and Spanish based on the eligibility criteria. Searches will be conducted on LILACS, Embase, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ERIC, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar databases; ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. The main research question is as follows: What have been the sustainability strategies for IPE actions? This scoping review will incorporate studies (empirical or theoretical-reflective) that address strategies or actions (or both) for IPE sustainability. They must present a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods approach and be available in full text. Data on strategies or actions for IPE sustainability will be extracted and inserted into a spreadsheet for analysis. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative analysis will identify meanings and patterns through thematic analysis. Thus, the aim is to present the compiled findings in tables and charts. The database search was conducted on March 22, 2024. In April and May 2024, duplicate studies were excluded. From July to November 2024, study selection will be carried out. In December 2024, data extraction and tabulation will take place, as well as consultation with stakeholders. The aim is to publish the results in scientific journals in January 2025. This protocol will guide this scoping review to identify discussions on the sustainability of IPE and map its actions or strategies (or both); summarize the definitions and institutions that develop or promote IPE; and present the main recommendations for the area under study. Additionally, possible research gaps can be identified to guide future studies. This review will shed light on existing knowledge gaps and the current state of research, which could provide support for future research, programs, and policy responses to foster collaboration and interprofessional practice and, consequently, improve the quality of user care. This information will be useful in supporting decision-making by government officials, managers, teachers, facilitators, and students in the implementation, maintenance, and development of IPE. Open Science Framework 5VNJS; https://osf.io/5vnjs/. DERR1-10.2196/60763.

Factors Affecting Career Choices of Students in Private High Schools in Ho Chi Minh City

This article comprehensively examines the factors influencing career decisions of students in private high schools in Ho Chi Minh City. Using both qualitative and quantitative research methods, the study reveals that students' career choices are shaped by personal factors, such as passion, self-assessment abilities, independence, and are strongly influenced by family, school, and social environment. The family plays a crucial role in providing guidance and financial support, enabling students to pursue desired career paths. Schools, through career counseling programs and extracurricular activities, offer opportunities for students to explore and gain a deeper understanding of the requirements of various professions. The social environment, especially the influence of media and peers, contributes to shaping career role models and industry trends. The study also indicates that in a growing economy, students increasingly consider factors such as salary, employment opportunities, and career growth potential. Consequently, the article proposes support strategies involving families, schools, and the community to foster sustainable career orientation for students, aligning with the demands of the modern labor market.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN PROYEKTOR DALAM PENGAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI

This study investigates the effectiveness of using projectors for teaching English in early childhood education, focusing on teachers' perceptions, the impact on student attention and understanding, and the challenges encountered. Technological advancements, particularly the use of projectors, have been shown to enhance educational experiences by making lessons more engaging and interactive. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method, interviewing 12 kindergarten teachers in Tangerang to gather insights on their experiences with projectors. Findings indicate that teachers generally view projectors positively, appreciating their ability to capture students' attention and facilitate comprehension of basic English concepts. Projectors are effective in providing clear visual content and supporting multisensory learning, but their impact is influenced by factors such as the teacher's proficiency, content relevance, and classroom environment. Challenges include limited availability of projectors, inadequate technical training, and difficulties in maintaining young children's attention. The study underscores the need for improved access to technology, better teacher training, and thoughtful integration of projectors into teaching practices. Future research should explore the long-term effects of projector use and develop best practices for their implementation in early childhood education.

Transformation of Criminal Law in Indonesia: An Analysis of Social Rights Protection through a Qualitative Descriptive Approach

This research aims to analyze the protection of human rights in criminal law in Indonesia, considering the importance of integrating human rights protection into a fair and effective criminal law system. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method, utilizing primary data from case studies related to human rights violations and secondary data in the form of scientific literature, laws, and official documents from related institutions. Data were collected through documentation study techniques and media content analysis, which allowed for in-depth exploration of various cases and legal policies that had been implemented. Content analysis was used to identify key themes in legal documents and literature studies, while theoretical modeling helped formulate a theoretical model that links criminal law to human rights protection. The results of the study indicate that there is a discrepancy in several implementations of criminal law with human rights principles, especially in terms of protecting victims and fulfilling the rights of the accused. The conclusions obtained highlight the need for criminal law reform to ensure the fulfillment of basic rights for all individuals in accordance with international standards. This study provides recommendations for policymakers to integrate human rights protection more systematically into the criminal law system in Indonesia.

Students’ Attitude Toward Pursuance of Higher Education in Abroad Study: A Study Among Grade 12 Students in Pokhara

This article, ‘Students’ Attitude toward Pursuance of Higher Education in Abroad Study: A Study among Grade 12 Students in Pokhara’ is prepared by investigating the pertinent reasons for motivating students going abroad for higher education after completing grade twelve in Nepal. This research is guided by the objectives to study grade 12 students’ views about going abroad for higher education and to explore the migration trends in the resent years in the context of Nepal. Field visit, informal interview and the questionnaire are the major research tools for data collection. Both the qualitative and quantitative methods are used to process the received data and they are presented in the tables, charts, graphs, etc. The final data are analyzed both in numerical and theoretical interpretations. The results indicate that a large number of students are willing to go abroad for education or for job purposes whereas some students think about continuing their study here in Nepal after completing grade 12. Only one third students do not have a concrete plan for going abroad currently. Similarly, more than half of the students have a plan to go abroad in future once in their life for education which is a challenging question for our education system in Nepal and it is recommended to bring the applicable policy and create the ample opportunities for students to keep them back in the country.

A multimethods international maPping exercise of Arts Interventions in reNal uniTs: the PAINT project.

Introduction Due to the chronic nature of kidney disease and the challenges of symptom burden, reduced mortality and co-morbidity, individuals living with the condition experience substantial anxiety and depression. Incorporating the arts into clinical practice is encouraged to promote and support mental health and wellbeing. The aim of the PAINT project was to undertake an international mapping exercise to identify the current provision of arts programmes in kidney centres for people living with kidney disease. Methods A multimethods approach was employed, involving a cross-sectional online survey and semi-structured qualitative interviews, which employed Qualitative Description research design. Healthcare staff working in kidney centres or organisations providing arts activities to individuals living with kidney disease were recruited into the study. Results One hundred and nineteen participants from 29 countries responded to the survey, with 39 of the respondents reporting arts activities in their renal unit. There was a wide range of respondents in terms of role, and the types of arts activities included visual art activities, music, literature/creative writing, film, movement/dance and craft. Individuals with chronic kidney disease who had taken part in arts activities were mostly adults (64%) and most were undergoing haemodialysis (82%). Sixteen respondents participated in the semi-structured interviews and encouraged the adoption of arts activities for people living with kidney disease. Three themes were identified: enhanced wellbeing and positive outcomes for individuals living with kidney disease; staff engagement and enthusiasm; and barriers to participation. Conclusions This overview of arts activities being offered globally to people living with kidney disease, and experiences of renal healthcare staff who provide activities in their units, are encouraging in terms of arts in healthcare. Thesepractitioners have observed the benefits of this person-centred arts approach in action, predominantly in terms of the positive impact on the wellbeing of individuals with kidney disease and improved relationships with staff in dialysis units. Further attention and funding should be focused on arts activities within renal centres.

Regional Facts Matter: A Comparative Perspective of Sub-State Fact-Checking Initiatives in Europe

After a significant surge of active fact-checking organisations over the past decade, fact-checkers now operate in more than 100 countries. Although the fact-checking movement is diverse, the majority of organisations function at a national level. However, some organisations operate on a sub-state scale, based either on community or geographic region. These fact-checkers investigate statements relevant to specific populations that might otherwise go unaddressed. In Europe, signatories of the International Fact-Checking Network are active in regions with federal or devolved power. This study brings a comparative analysis of regional fact-checkers in Europe, combining qualitative interviews with editors and managers of these organisations with complementary document analysis. Our findings highlight how organisational formats influence fact-checking motivations, the difference in scope between political fact-checking and debunking routines, and the collaborative relations regional fact-checkers maintain with national and international organisations. This article contributes to the debate surrounding the global fact-checking movement by raising awareness of regional and local fact-checking, which helps address so-called fact deserts.

Beyond Drive for Thinness: Drive for Leanness in Anorexia Nervosa Prevention and Recovery

Anorexia nervosa is classified by the American Psychological Association as an eating-related mental disorder, which affects mostly young adult women and adolescent girls. Although refeeding programs are often used to recover bodyweight in patients with anorexia nervosa, treatment failures are high, and the determinants of the disorder remain unknown. The present paper uses a nutritional epidemiology perspective to examine determinants of anorexia nervosa from the patients’ point of view. A grounded-theory literature-review method was used to search and review research findings from the peer-reviewed literature related to the etiology of anorexia nervosa, including recent qualitative interviews with patients. Unlike a systematic review, a grounded theory method is more appropriate for developing a new theory to explain phenomena like the cause, recovery, and prevention of anorexia nervosa. Reviewed research suggests that anorexia nervosa may be a problematic body-change strategy rather than a mental disorder. Additionally, the present paper proposes that replacing the drive for thinness in anorexia nervosa with a drive for leanness may help patient recovery, especially when guided by easily accessible body-composition estimates. Fat-free mass restoration in the recovery of anorexia nervosa may also be facilitated by resistance training, which improves patients’ psychological status and body composition. Additionally, replacing a dysfunctional dieting strategy in anorexia nervosa with knowledge, skills, and experience in proper weight management has a potential preventive effect against the disorder. More research is needed to investigate the applied effects of the drive for leanness, body-composition assessments, resistance-training programs, and weight-management skills associated with the recovery and prevention of anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, successful application of the information in this paper may be adapted to peer role model programs to prevent anorexia nervosa.

Inclusive Education: Enhancing Social Integration and Academic Achievement for Students With and Without Learning Disabilities Aged 5 to 14

Inclusive education is recognized as essential for fostering the holistic development of children, irrespective of their abilities or limitations. This paper examines the effects of inclusive education on students with learning disabilities (SWLD) and students without learning disabilities (SWOLD) in Southern Vietnam, focusing on its impact on social integration and academic achievement. The study employs a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative interviews with educators and quantitative analysis of student performance data. There are 487 participants, consisting of 132 SWLD and 355 SWOLD. These participants were drawn from inclusive and non-inclusive schools across various educational levels in southern Vietnam. Results indicate that inclusive practices significantly enhance social integration, empathy, and understanding among students. For SWLD, inclusive education leads to improved academic outcomes, particularly in the early education stages, while SWOLD reports favourable or neutral effects on academic achievements. However, at the secondary education level, the impact tends to be neutral or adverse for SWOLD. The research also identifies challenges in Southern Vietnam, including insufficient funding, inadequate teacher training and limited policy support, which hinder the effective implementation of inclusive education. Addressing these barriers is crucial for creating an equitable learning environment for all students in Vietnam.

Public Opinion about European Researchers’ Night on Climate Change and Polar Science in Türkiye

The European Researchers' Night is an annual event held across Europe on the last Friday of September, with the primary goal of promoting public recognition of scientists, disseminating information about the real-world impact of their research, inspiring young people to pursue careers in science, and raising awareness about research and innovation activities. In 2022, European Researcher’s Night focused on climate change and polar science in Istanbul and Gaziantep provinces. The central aim was to enhance public awareness of polar regions and global climate change, as well as to facilitate the acknowledgment of researchers and their work by the general public. This study examined the opinions of participants who attended these events, including 221 primary school students, 687 secondary school students, 525 high school students, and 319 adults. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, participant opinions were collected through both quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews conducted concurrently during the events. The results revealed overwhelmingly positive feedback from all participants regarding the events, with unanimous support for the continuation of such engaging public outreach initiatives. In conclusion, these events serve as effective channels for communicating scientific research with the public and underscore the importance of research extending beyond the confines of research communities.

“I Feel Like I Belong, and I Know Why I Belong”: An Intersectional Identity-Affirming Counterspace

This paper draws on qualitative interview data with student-residents and alumni of an undergraduate residential learning community at a large U.S. university. The authors bring together the frameworks of intersectionality and counterspace to explore how student-residents experienced the intersectional framework of the residential learning community. This paper outlines how the community served as an intersectional identity-affirming counterspace and considers the limitations and challenges of the space within the larger social and institutional context. It concludes with a consideration of the implications for efforts toward educational justice and equity.

"Our Voices Will Get Louder": A Qualitative Exploration of Factors Influencing Arab/Middle Eastern North African (MENA) American Patient Participation in US-Based Health Care and Health Research.

Heightened anti-Arab/Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) xenophobia in the United States (US) coupled with the addition of a MENA category on the next US Census call into attention the health needs of this minoritized population. Targeted research is needed to better understand the factors that influence Arab/MENA American participation in US-based health research and health care. A novel qualitative interview guide was constructed to better understand the health research experiences, health care experiences and needs of Arab/MENA patients nationally. Patients were recruited through the Arab American Health Network Alliance (AAHNA) community connections. Semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually in English and Arabic, and qualitative data was interpreted through iterative thematic analysis using inductive reasoning. A total of seventeen interviews (n = 17) were completed (14 in English, 3 in Arabic). Notably, the majority identified as female (82%) and have resided in the US for 18years or longer (53%). Three main themes were identified (1) Individual-level Comfortability and Access to Research Participation, (2) Advancing Community Health Outcomes and Participation, and (3) Structural Barriers as Drivers of Health Disparities. The health research and health care experiences explored in this project have the potential of informing future inquiries on Arab/MENA American health. For instance, we suggest building community trust, providing equitable compensation and support, increasing health workforce diversity, and advocating for affordable health care, all to improve Arab/MENA patient participation in health research.

Humility in Diplomatic Service: The Exemplary Journey of Ambassador Bello Kazaure Husseini – A Personal Narrative

Purpose: This paper interrogates the indispensable role of humility within the diplomatic sphere, utilizing the exemplary career of Ambassador Bello Kazaure Husseini as a case study. The research aims to elucidate how humility acts as a facilitator of trust, strengthens diplomatic relations, and augments negotiation effectiveness, thereby challenging conventional paradigms that perceive humility as a liability in the realm of international relations. Materials and Method: Employing a qualitative methodology, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of Husseini’s multifaceted experiences - ranging from strategic diplomatic engagements to leadership roles and conflict resolution initiatives. This integrative assessment allows for a nuanced understanding of the relational dynamics and contextual variables at play in diplomatic practice. Findings: The findings reveal that Husseini’s approach, characterized by active listening, respectful engagement, and a prioritization of mutual understanding, cultivates an environment conducive to fruitful collaboration across cultural and political divides. Such a disposition has been instrumental in navigating intricate geopolitical realities while advancing Nigeria’s interests on the international stage. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study elucidates the practical implications of adopting humility as a core diplomatic strategy, thus providing an empirical foundation for the argument that humility can engender successful diplomacy.

Value System Formation Through Project and Research Activities Part of Science Lessons

More effective methodologies are still needed to achieve a system that can inspire students' interest and motivation and guide them toward science and research. This results in a need for more robust value system formation among students in educational settings. The study's main objective was to develop and implement a value system formation technology for school children in the context of active teaching, focusing on biology education. This research is a qualitative study involving biology teachers and schoolchildren in a school's educational environment. The data collection methods used in this study were interviews, observation, and document analysis. The instrument used was an observation sheet. The data analysis methods used in this research are thematic and content analysis. The results showed that Monakhov's axiom technology effectively increased students' involvement and interest in project and research activities and assisted teachers in achieving educational goals oriented towards the holistic development of students' values. In conclusion, the findings of this study show a significant increase in the number of scientific and research works conducted by students of schools participating in competitions such as DARYN and MAN over the past three years. This research is expected to inform educational policy and curriculum development, promoting the integration of project and research activities to develop individuals with solid scientific thinking, ethical values, and a sense of responsibility towards their environment.

Storypath: How Civic Advocacy Through Creating Music Empowers Civic and Political Thinking in Elementary Classrooms

This descriptive qualitative study examined how the Storypath (also known as Storyline) approach to teaching social studies involves elementary school students in action civics (authentic civic activities, self-chosen issues, ongoing reflection, decisions valued). Storypath, a project-based approach, utilizes the story structure to frame learning through an inquiry process whereby students consider an overarching question about a topic, create a relevant setting, become characters in the setting, and engage in the plot of the story (critical incidents). This Storypath engaged a class of ethnically and culturally diverse fifth graders in creating a music company (setting) dedicated to producing songs for social change. As company employees (characters), students researched issues they chose (affirming their agency in the learning process), then created songs and music videos for social impact. The arts (songs and videos) and technology (digital media) became integral to students’ efforts as they created and recorded music to share with the world. Students responded to Padlet and worksheet prompts, wrote song lyrics, and recorded music videos which all were analyzed to address this research question: What did authentic civic advocacy through creating music within the Storypath approach reveal about elementary students’ civic disciplinary knowledge, thinking, and skills? Findings revealed two overarching types of thinking: civic and political. Evidence indicates that civic thinking was justice-oriented for social well-being while political thinking was influence-oriented for strategic impact. This suggests that the Storypath implemented in this study can engage elementary school students in authentic civic advocacy within the classroom to cultivate civic and political thinking for meaningful participation in democratic life beyond the classroom.

Adolescent choices and caregiver roles: Understanding individual and interpersonal influences on sexual decision-making in South Africa.

South African adolescents are at-risk for HIV infection due to engaging in high-risk sexual behaviours. Understanding the factors influencing sexual decision-making is crucial for developing effective HIV prevention strategies. We conducted a qualitative study with adolescents and caregivers in Rustenburg, South Africa to explore individual and interpersonal factors that influence adolescent sexual decision-making. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in English and Setswana with 17 adolescents (13 females and 4 males) and 19 caregivers (17 females and 2 males) between April and July 2018. Thematic analysis revealed that while adolescents had access to sexual education from various sources, this knowledge did not translate into healthy sexual decision-making. Lack of effective communication and support between caregivers and adolescents in discussing sexual behaviours are a contributing barrier. Although adolescents expressed a strong need to be understood and supported by caregivers regarding sexual behaviours, there was perceived distrust, judgemental attitude from caregivers, poor role models of a father figure, and the traditional taboo nature of having these discussions with caregivers. While female adolescents and female caregivers discussed sexual matters, this type of communication was limited with adolescent males. Male adolescents were uncomfortable communicating with either caregiver, fearing caregiver judgemental attitudes and being misunderstood. Female caregivers perceived male caregiver roles to be absent and non-engaging. Caregivers desired to support their children, yet they seemed to doubt their skills. Communication tools and guidance on how adolescents and caregivers could communicate about sexual matters could create enabling environments for adolescents to make informed, healthy decisions regarding their sexual behaviours. Further, future interventions could consider gain-framed messaging to address adolescents translating knowledge of sexual behaviours to making healthy sexual choices. Improving equitable male caregiver role at home, is of particular importance in supporting adolescent sexual decision-making, and should be prioritized.