Qualitative Research Methods Research Articles

The Impact of Human Activities on Wildlife Conservation in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area

Human population growth in areas bordering protected areas is high and has become a serious threat to the management of wildlife all over Africa. Local communities around the protected areas conduct illegal activities that are destructive to habitats and threaten wildlife. This study explored the impact of the human population on large animals in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. The study used quantitative and qualitative research methods, employing both closed and open-ended questionnaires from 125 respondents. The collected data were analysed using IBM and Microsoft Excel tools. The results showed that wildlife and livestock can share and drink water in the same area. Furthermore, the study established that an increase in livestock numbers has no negative effect on wildlife numbers, but an increase in human settlement (93.9%) consumed natural forest products as building materials, creating deforestation, while the use of firewood as a source of power (96.5%) has a great negative impact on wildlife and their habitat because of fragmentation of wildlife habitat within Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Thus, there is a need to manage population growth along the national conserved or protected areas to ensure the long-term existence of designated protected areas.

Square Root Expressions and Irrational Numbers in Middle School Mathematics Textbooks Throughout the History of the Republic

Irrational numbers, a fundamental set that extends rational numbers to real numbers, have been a subject of limited study in the context of textbook analyses. This study, therefore, examines how square root expressions and irrational numbers have been addressed in middle school mathematics textbooks throughout the history of the Republic of Türkiye. The research was conducted using a comprehensive approach, with qualitative research methods and content analysis was applied to 37 mathematics textbooks (seven 5th grade, twelve 6th grade, nine 7th grade, and nine 8th grade) from 1932 to 2022. Data were collected from mathematics textbooks available at the Ferit Ragıp Tuncor Archive and Documentation Library affiliated with the Ministry of National Education. The results of this study indicate that changes in mathematics curricula are reflected in textbooks, and this reflection is directly influenced by the learning theory adopted in the curriculum. The study also provides insights into how irrational numbers are introduced in textbooks based on the sequence of topics, and recommendations are made based on the findings.

Bilingual instruction practices and students’ performance in teaching-learning mathematics: A case study (June 2023)

This study delves into bilingual instruction practices and their impact on students' participation patterns within a classroom environment. The research aims to understand how students engage during classes where bilingual instruction practices are employed. Qualitative research methods were used for the purpose of data collection and analysis in this study. The selection of participants was carried out through purposive sampling, focusing on the forty-six (46) students from Grade 11 Agarao at Laguna Senior High School at Sta. Cruz, Laguna. To gather the data, a video recording and observation of a one-hour class discussion were conducted. The findings were analyzed through the application of thematic analysis. The results reveal that code switching, encompassing extra-sentential, intra-sentential, and inter-sentential types, is a prevalent bilingual instruction practice used by teachers. Notably, intra-sentential code-switching was the most frequently utilized by the teacher. Additionally, the study identifies four distinct participation patterns: total integration, conditional participation, marginal interaction, and silent observation. The study found that a significant portion of Grade 11 Agarao students exhibited conditional participation and marginal interaction tendencies out of the total cohort of forty-six (46) students. Understanding these dynamics provides insights into how bilingual instruction influences students' involvement and contributions within the classroom. Base on the following findings, it is recommended for schools to include bilingual instruction in their school improvement plan and school development program. It is also recommended to add another research instrument, such as an audio recorder, to easily transcribe the data and yield better results.

酒店企业在环境分析因素范围内面临的问题： 阿克恰科卡案例

The aim of the research is to identify the problems faced by hotel businesses within the scope of internal and external environmental factors. In this context, qualitative research method was applied in the research. Data was collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews with people who are the owners and senior managers of hotel businesses operating in Akçakoca. A total of 10 hotel businesses were interviewed. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis technique. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the enterprises face economic, political, legal and natural environmental problems arising from the remote environmental factors. It was also found out that they do not generally encounter problems arising from immediate environmental factors. Lastly, it was found out that generally they face marketing, human resources, finance and accounting problems in general in the context of internal environmental factors.

E-Government Development: Catalysing Agile Governance Transformation in Indonesia

E-government is considered a crucial instrument for service transformation as it is believed to assist in achieving the government’s objectives by functioning as a flexible digital service platform for development. Nevertheless, our understanding of its potential impact on governance remains limited, particularly regarding the advancements made in digital-based services for the public sector inside government and the resulting level of public satisfaction. This study examines the crucial significance of e-government in the restructuring of agile governance in Indonesia. Qualitative research methods are employed for this research. Data related to the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) are collected through the United Nations website. After successfully retrieving the data and presenting it in a suitable format, the authors analysed Indonesia’s overall EGDI score and examined individual EGDI indicator levels. The findings show that the Indonesian government has accelerated the implementation of e-government, catalysing the digitalisation of governance and improving efficiency, transparency and public engagement. The report asserts that e-government can revolutionise governance in Indonesia, rendering it more agile and responsive. Nevertheless, a requirement remains to enhance and augment the e-government infrastructure and implement policies that foster digital inclusivity to bolster Indonesia’s governance capabilities. By bolstering e-governance, the government will enhance its efficacy in addressing forthcoming crises and augment citizen participation in policy formulation.

Africa in the Eye of Contemporary African Child: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Noviolet Bulawayo’s <i>We Need New Names</i>

Even with the immense global innovations in technology and education, millions of children in most African nations are out of school. They are denied education due to greedy political leadership and irresponsible parenting in their respective nations. Zimbabwe is one of such African nations. The unfortunate predicaments of children in this nation many years after decolonization are dramatized in Noviolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names. In this narrative, Bulawayo engages the technical elements of voice, action and settings to expose the vulnerability of contemporary Zimbabwean children. Through Darling, who is the child protagonistnarrator, we glimpse into the unfortunate realities of the contemporary Zimbabwean children: they are out of school, neglected, and starved, physically, emotionally and sexually abused amongst many other atrocities against them. Using the qualitative research method, as well as Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical strand of Child Development Theoretical paradigm, this study has not only examined the various aspects of physical and psychological abuses of the contemporary African child, but has also discovered that these supposed future leaders can only access qualitative education, decent shelter, food and modern technology through migration to other developed climes, particularly the United States of America and Dubai, a journey from which they are not likely to return soon. This unfortunate development portends a bleak future for most of these nations and the continent at large.

Youth Suicide Attempts from the Perspective of Healthcare Professionals: A Qualitative Study, a Case of Turkey

This study was aimed at determining why youth attempt suicides, what the causes of such attempts are, and what methods are used in suicide attempts from the perspective of emergency medicine and mental healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals provide first aid and treatment for young people who have attempted suicide. In this study, the qualitative research method and phenomenological design were used. In the interviews, a semi-structured interview form was used. According to the participating healthcare professionals’ conclusions at the end of the study, youth is a trial and error period, young people do not always aim to die, they may attempt suicide for manipulative purposes or to call for help, and the method used in the suicide attempt may vary according to the purpose and sex. Healthcare professionals who participated in this study clearly stated that gender-based expectations cause suicide attempts in both male and female youth (both male and female youth to attempt suicide). It is recommended that in future studies, the focus should be on the opinions and experiences of all professionals working in the field of suicide attempts, and that gender-based experiences that may lead youth to attempt suicide should be further addressed.

지자체 청소년 진로체험 프로그램 운영과정 질적 사례연구

Objectives This study conducted a qualitative case study focusing on the Future City Youth Career Fair to reveal the operation process of the local government youth career experience program and the characteristics and meaning of the process. Methods Qualitative research was conducted to understand the operation process of local government youth career programs, and data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interview research techniques. Results As a result of the research analysis, the three-step operation process of “prepare urgently,” “concurrently proceeding with other festivals,” and “finishing quickly and planning the next year” appeared. In addition, characteristics of the career program operation process were “setting trendy popular career content,” “lack of collaboration with school and local youth career-related organizations,” and “a lot of participation and relatively weak presence” due to simultaneous holding of other festivals. Conclusions Accordingly, this study suggested that local governments need to investigate, analyze, and develop experience programs for career experience content, urge close networks and collaboration with schools and related organizations, and carefully analyze the pros and cons of holding solo and holding other events when promoting large-scale career experience programs, such as career fairs or career festivals, predict the results of both sides and choose whether to hold them simultaneously.

Learner Agency: Multiple Case Studies of English Speaking Learning of English Majors in China

Objectives This article delves into the ways in which three English major students, each possessing varying levels of proficiency in spoken English―high, moderate, and low―express their agency throughout the process of acquiring spoken language. This exploration encompasses their experiences both within and beyond the classroom, all situated within a broader contextual framework. Methods Qualitative research was conducted during one fall semester from September to December 2023. The researchers observed an English speaking course instructed by a Chinese female teacher. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, course documents and learners’ artifacts. Data analysis was conducted with three levels of coding (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) and the credibility was ensured with data triangulation. Results The findings revealed that English major students, when encountering difficulties and challenges, such as pronunciation problems and limited vocabulary etc, exercised different forms of agency to address and overcome obstacles in the process of learning spoken English. Specifically, the agency forms of English major students in spoken English learning is manifested through action engagement, action adjustment, and action resistance. Conclusions The findings and the analysis of the current study revealed that learner agency had a significant role to play in English as a foreign language classroom in a Chinese college context. Based on the thematic data analysis, this study offered some pedagogical implications for educators and teachers both at Chinese universities and beyond.

Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Prestasi Belajar PAI di SMA Kabupaten Pidie Jaya

Pemanfaatan Media Sosial dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Prestasi Belajar PAI di SMA Kabupaten Pidie Jaya

Working on needs assessment of youths and subsequently developing curriculum for leadership development initiatives

In contemporary society, addressing the evolving needs of youth is paramount for fostering resilient, empowered, and capable leaders of tomorrow. The process begins with a comprehensive needs assessment, which serves as the cornerstone for developing effective curriculum tailored to their unique requirements. This review delves into the intricate process of conducting a needs assessment for youths and subsequently crafting a curriculum for leadership development initiatives. A needs assessment for youths entails a multifaceted approach that encompasses various dimensions of their lives. It involves understanding their socio-economic background, educational aspirations, career goals, interpersonal skills, and community involvement. By employing qualitative and quantitative research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observation, stakeholders gain insights into the diverse needs, challenges, and aspirations of youths within their specific context. Upon completion of the needs assessment, the gathered data serve as the foundation for designing a targeted curriculum for youth leadership development. The curriculum aims to address identified gaps and empower youths with essential skills, knowledge, and attitudes necessary for leadership roles. It integrates elements such as communication skills, critical thinking, problem-solving, emotional intelligence, teamwork, and cultural competency, tailored to the developmental stage and cultural background of the target audience. The curriculum development process involves collaboration among educators, youth advocates, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders to ensure its relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability. It follows a systematic approach, including curriculum design, implementation strategies, resource identification, and evaluation methods. The curriculum is designed to be interactive, experiential, and engaging, fostering active participation and ownership among youths. Key components of the curriculum include leadership theories, self-awareness exercises, goal setting, conflict resolution techniques, ethical decision-making, community engagement projects, and mentorship opportunities. It embraces a holistic approach that nurtures youths' personal, academic, and professional growth while instilling values of social responsibility and civic engagement. The curriculum is adaptable and responsive to the evolving needs and dynamics of youths and their communities. Regular assessments and feedback mechanisms enable continuous improvement and refinement, ensuring its relevance and effectiveness over time, the curriculum is designed to be inclusive, accommodating the diverse backgrounds, abilities, and perspectives of all participants. Working on needs assessment for youths and subsequently developing a curriculum for leadership development initiatives is a multifaceted and dynamic process. It requires a deep understanding of youths' aspirations, challenges, and contexts, coupled with collaboration, innovation, and adaptability. By empowering youths with the necessary skills and opportunities, such initiatives contribute to building a generation of capable, empathetic, and visionary leaders poised to address the challenges of the future.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE LAST 5 YEARS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KAYUNGA DISTRICT IN UGANDA. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.

Background: Academic achievement can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines, in class as well as extracurricular activities. It includes excellence in sports, behavior, confidence, communication skills, punctuality, assertiveness, Arts, Culture, and the like. The study aims to analyze the student’s academic performance in the last 5 years in selected secondary schools of Kayunga district in Uganda. Methodology: In this study, the researcher used a descriptive survey design, used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. study population of 211 respondents included the DEO, head teachers, teachers, and Students. Results: 60% of the headteachers strongly disagreed that Schools in our district have been ranked among the top schools in the country in terms of academic performance.100% of the headteachers disagreed that there have been few students scoring Division 9 in most secondary schools for the past 10 years. 78% of the teachers disagreed that schools have had very many numbers of students scoring Division 1 for the past 5 years. 88% of the students disagreed that most students who complete the Advanced level have had a chance of obtaining government sponsorships in different public universities. Conclusion: Schools in Kayunga district have had very few numbers of students scoring Division 1 for the past 5 years; many students were scoring Division 9 in most secondary schools for the past 10 years; schools in the district have been ranked among the least performing schools in the country in terms of academic performance. Recommendation: School managers should adverse means to improve academic performance, especially poor grades. For example, staff motivation, student motivation, remedial teaching, and constant supervision.

The Management of International Cooperation in Intensive Arabic Course

Course institutions need good program management to be able to create Arabic language learning in accordance with the goals and objectives. Learning management itself has four functions: planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling. This research aims to describe the planning, organizing, mobilization and management control of the An-Najah Center Course Program in Medan, Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection techniques include observation of Arabic language program activities, interviews with course founders and teachers, and documentation. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive data in three main steps, namely data reduction, data exposure, and conclusion drawing. The research results show that planning starts with analyzing needs, classifying student competencies, formulating learning objectives, designing the curriculum and syllabus, and determining teaching materials.

Impact of alternative development on reducing the security threat posed by cannabis cultivation: A case of Tain District, Ghana

Purpose: Cannabis cultivation has supported the local economy and culture of Nsawkaw, Badu, and other communities in the Tain District of the Bono Region for many years. The cultivation's security threat was also important, according to this study's respondents. However, any Alternative Development (AD) program to replace this old enterprise must entail community engagement, youth participation, entrepreneurial development, and finances to preserve the culture and tradition of the people. Methodology: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to analyze data and use the inductive research approach. Cannabis cultivation farmers in Badu and Nsawkaw in Tain District, Opinion Leaders, Narcotics Control Commission employees, and Bono Region NGOs were the study's target demographic. Findings: It was also found that most AD regulations to prevent cannabis cultivation were heavily affected by party politics, leading many people to forsake them. AD must examine how Ghana might allow cannabis cultivation under stringent laws for its many benefits, including medicinal use and quick money. Value: AD should consider marketing, conserving, transporting, and pricing licit crops. The Tree Crops Authority (MOFA) should be proactive in its mandate. Their proactiveness can pique cannabis farmers' interest in tree crops, particularly cashews.

China's Cultural Tourism: Strategies for Authentic Experiences and Enhanced Visitor Satisfaction

The integration of local culture into tourist experiences is a crucial aspect of cultural tourism innovation, particularly in China. This study aims to explore the factors that influence this integration and its impact on tourist satisfaction. Specifically, the study investigates the independent variables of cultural heritage preservation efforts, cultural immersion initiatives, destination branding, community involvement, and technology adoption. Additionally, it examines the moderating effect of tourist cultural sensitivity and the mediating role of perceived cultural authenticity. Through a comprehensive literature review, qualitative and quantitative research methods, and data collected from both tourists and industry stakeholders, valuable insights into the cultural tourism landscape in China are obtained. The findings underscore the significance of cultural heritage preservation efforts as a foundation for providing authentic and immersive experiences. Moreover, destination branding emerges as a key tool for effectively communicating and promoting the unique cultural aspects of a destination. The study highlights the importance of community involvement in the planning and implementation of cultural tourism initiatives, as it fosters a sense of ownership and leads to sustainable and meaningful experiences for tourists. Furthermore, the integration of technology in cultural tourism enhances visitor engagement and provides innovative ways to showcase local culture. The moderating variable of tourist cultural sensitivity influences the relationship between cultural tourism initiatives and tourist satisfaction. Tourists with higher cultural sensitivity exhibit a deeper appreciation for the cultural experiences offered, thereby enhancing their overall satisfaction.

Urgensi Perkuat Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling pada Masa Transisi Siswa SMP

Junior High School or mostly called SMP, is often referred to as a transitional period. During this time, students often face challenges and difficulties that require guidance and counseling services to help them navigate this crucial stage. However, limited access to guidance and counseling services prevents students from receiving optimal support. This can lead to various problems, including unaddressed student issues, declining academic performance, and impaired mental health. Therefore, strategic steps are needed to strengthen guidance and counseling services in SMP.This study employs a qualitative library research method. Based on data analysis, it is concluded that guidance and counseling in SMP need to be strengthened to ensure optimal delivery of services. The following are strategic steps for strengthening guidance and counseling services in SMP: (1) Increasing the number of guidance and counseling teachers. (2)Enhancing the professionalism of guidance and counseling teachers. (3)Developing infrastructure and resources. (4)Implementing a comprehensive and systematic guidance and counseling program. (5)Establishing collaboration with internal and external stakeholders of the school. It is expected that by strengthening these services, guidance and counseling can be effectively delivered, creating a conducive learning environment, and supporting holistic student development.

PEMBUATAN KARYA SENI MENGGAMBAR DEKORATIF PADA TALENAN KAYU DI KELAS IIIB SDN 04 KOTA BENGKULU

AbstractThis study aims to describe the process and decorative drawings on a wooden cutting board in class III B Public Elementary School 04 Bengkulu City. The types and methods are qualitative research and descriptive methods with participatory observation techniques. The subjects in this study were students of class III B Public Elementary School 04 Bengkulu City, totaling 30 people. The research instrument is a human instrument. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is performed by analyzing the data then displaying the data, data condensation and drawing conclusions. Data analysis of the work is discussed by looking at the elements of fine arts and the principles of art. The research results obtained by researchers are that of the 15 students' work there are plant motifs, animal motifs, stylation motifs, and geometric motifs. The process of making decorative artwork on a wooden cutting board by students begins with preparing tools and materials, giving basic paints, making design motifs, and coloring the motifs as a solution. The works of decorative drawing on wooden cutting boards have used fine arts elements and fine arts principles. but the dark light element is not used. Kata Kunci: Descriptive study, Decorative drawing, wooden cutting board.

Semantics Issue: Emotive Meaning of Netizens’ Comments of Gastrointestinal Disease Survivors on Instagram @Kakagastro

This study aims to describe the emotive meaning of netizens’ comments about survivors of gastrointestinal diseases on Instagram @kakagastro. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The data in this study is in the form of screenshots in the form of comments written by followers of the @kakagastro account. The documentation method is used to obtain the data in the account. The data that has been obtained is then entered into the corpus of data that the researcher has previously designed. The results of the study show that three emotive meanings appear in the comments on the @kakagastro account. These emotive meanings, namely emotive meaning as an embodiment of worry, emotive meaning as an embodiment of social feelings, and emotive meaning as an embodiment of pleasure or happiness. The emotive meaning as a manifestation of worry comes from netizens who at that time were feeling anxious and afraid of the disease they were suffering from. This fear is manifested in the form of complaints and questions. The emotive meaning as a manifestation of social feeling comes from netizens' desire to consult about the illness they are suffering from. The consultation raises interaction and concern from the @kakagastro account with its followers. The emotive meaning of the embodiment of happiness is a meaning that arises because of the success of people with gastrointestinal diseases in consuming foods that should be prohibited. This success indicates that the healing process of gastrointestinal diseases is almost complete. Keywords: Instagram, emotive meaning, netizens

Gaya Bahasa Pada Novel “Bara Dalam Jelaga” Karya Napermana

This study examines the language style in the novel “Bara in Jelaga” by Napermana based on Tarigan theory which divides four types of language styles, namely comparative language style, conflict language style, connection language style, and repetition language style. This study uses qualitative descriptive research method. The data source for this study is the novel “Bara in Jelaga” by Napermana. Data collection techniques use reading and note techniques. According to the results and discussion, a language style with a total of 42 quotations was found which shows language style, consisting of: 1) comparative language style, 22 quotations, including 10 parable language styles, 3 quotations in periphrasis language style, 8 personification language styles. Quotations, and pleonasm language style contains 1 quotation. 2) the conflicting language style consists of 8 quotations, including the climax language style containing 2 quotations, the hyperbole language style containing 5 quotations, and the sarcasm language style containing 1 quotation. 3) the linking language style consists of 3 quotations, including the erotic language style containing 1 quotation, the eponymous language style containing 1 quotation, and the ellipsis language style containing 1 quotation. 4) the repetition language style consists of 9 quotations, including the episcopal language style containing 3 quotations, the anaphoric language style containing 5 quotations, and the epistrophic language style containing 1 quotation.The conclusion of this research is that the novel “Bara in Jelaga” predominantly uses a comparative language style.

Lefebvre's Spatial Ternary Theory in Regional Planning of Mulan Retirement Community

Purpose: This study takes the Mulan Retirement community as its site and uses the spatial ternary theory from French philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre. It aims to optimize the regional planning of the community and achieve a spatial layout that is more in line with the residents’ needs and its sustainable development. Methods: The research adopts a qualitative research method and is divided into three stages: spatial practice, representations of space and representational space. Through field surveys, secondary data analysis and stakeholder interviews we compiled a comprehensive understanding of the spatial status and planning concepts of the Mulan Retirement Community. Results and Conclusion: On this basis, specific ideas and suggestions were put forward for the regional planning of the community, including the overall layout, road system, greening system and public facilities. Achieving a unique and harmonious spatial structure to meet the elderly care, economic, cultural and social needs of residents was the aim. Furthermore, it also provides reference for the construction and practical application of spatial theory. Research implications: Through in-depth field investigation and stakeholder participation, the study not only proposes specific planning recommendations, but also provides feasible methods and experiences for the development of similar retirement communities. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into current situation towards the aging society in China, by employing the qualitative research, the study offers an in-depth understanding of the subject, identifying common practices and challenges.