Qualitative Research Research Articles

Colonial shadows: Exploring coloniality of being among Puerto Rican immigrants in the United States.

Coloniality, or the enduring legacy of domination and White supremacy stemming from colonization, manifests across power dynamics, knowledge systems, and personal identity. This study investigated the coloniality of being of 12 Puerto Rican adults living in the United States. We explored their perceptions of the self, other Puerto Ricans, Puerto Rican cultural patterns, and self-aspirations. Using consensual qualitative research, six domains emerged from the data, including (a) self-identity, (b) Puerto Rican pride, (c) other Puerto Ricans, (d) Puerto Rican dependency, (e) Puerto Ricans and work, and (f) reasons for migrating or staying in Puerto Rico. Results portrayed colonial power dynamics' profound and complicated mark on different aspects of the participants' individual and collective selves. Participants' language and narratives also conveyed ruptures between participants and other Puerto Ricans. Findings from our study help expand our understanding of Puerto Ricans' lived experiences of colonization, a group that still experiences the occupation and domination of its land and people. Our article also discusses the clinical and theoretical implications of this work, particularly as it pertains to Puerto Rican identity formation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Financial viability decision rules in residual valuation method of property development appraisal: case study of London, England

Purpose An appraisal is normally conducted to determine financial viability of property development projects for several purposes. The residual valuation method is normally used to appraise such projects and the purpose of the paper is to examine its financial viability decision rules (FVDRs) used by practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative research approach was adopted based on the case study strategy of enquiry where 48 development appraisal reports from 37 Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors registered firms in London were accessed from the internet and critically reviewed. Findings Site-specific and area-wide development appraisals for planning purposes dominated the reports. Five FVDRs were identified. A development project is financially viable if: (i) computed residual profit expressed as a percentage return is equal to or greater than a determined market benchmark risk-adjusted return; (ii) computed residual profit expressed as a percentage return is positive; (iii) calculated residual land value is greater than open market land value or benchmark land value; (iv) computed residual land value is positive; and (v) there is a surplus when appraisal cost variables including land costs plus allowance for developer’s profit are deducted from gross development value. In some reports, it was discovered some appraisal cost variables were excluded whilst others were inappropriately treated. Practical implications The first and third FVDRs are reasonable whilst the remaining are fraught with problems and using them can make development projects that are financially unviable to be viable. Also, excluding relevant cost variables and treating some inappropriately understate the appraisal cost component resulting in incorrect financial viability outcomes. These can lead to wrong recommendations about financial viability being proffered that negatively affect the practitioners’ clientele. The dominance of development appraisals for planning purposes shows the important role development appraisals continue to play in the English planning system. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, it is the first time FVDRs in development appraisals have been systematically investigated in England with resultant new empirical findings and arguments.

Meal sharing economy: evaluation with SWOT analysis from host and local food tourists perspectives

ABSTRACT This research aims to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the meal-sharing economy, which has been gaining increasing interest and users worldwide. To achieve this goal, the experiences of hosts, who play a key role in the meal sharing economy, and tourists who benefit from this service were evaluated using a SWOT analysis. A phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was chosen for the study. The snowball sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were obtained through online semi-structured interviews. The collected data were transcribed and analyzed using descriptive and content analysis. Although the analysis showed that there are threatening factors and weaknesses in meal sharing economy activities, the findings suggest that, with proper implementation, meal-sharing economy activities can be a suitable and value creating gastronomy and tourism activity for both destinations and tourists.

Changes in roles and feelings among "Kaigoyobou leaders" responsible for community prevention activities over 10 years

Objectives Community residents experience changes over time, including those in the care prevention system, governmental expectations, and their motivations. To support community-based prevention activities, it is necessary to clarify these changes. This study used a qualitative research method to examine changes in roles and feelings among "Kaigoyobou leaders" who had been involved in community-based care prevention activities for 10 years.Methods The study participants were nine leaders (six men and three women) who had been active in community-based care prevention for approximately 10 years. Through one-hour semi-structured interviews, we explored their current activities, reasons for taking the leader training course, changes in the content of their activities since completing the course, changes in their roles in activities and feelings about the activities, and what they recognized as important in their activities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. From the transcripts, we extracted "concepts" related to changes among the leaders and generated "categories" to summarize the concepts.Results The analysis identified 28 concepts summarized into 12 categories. The categories included: "belief in the activities" (e.g., "focusing on preventive effects"), "learning through trial and error" (e.g., "learning continuously"), "developing the activities" (e.g., "expanding the activities"), "commitment to the community" (e.g., "valuing connections with people involved in the activities"), "increasing required roles" (e.g., "taking consultations from juniors"), "relationship with the government" (e.g., "responding to requests from the government"), "benefits from the activities" (e.g., "receiving a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from the activities"), "burden due to the activities" (e.g., "a shortage of group members"), "aging of stakeholders" (e.g., "increasing age of the participants"), "preparing for continuity" (e.g., "new people wishing to participate"), "considering ending activities" (e.g., "reducing activities due to increasing age of the leaders themselves"), and "impact of the coronavirus."Conclusion Leaders' strong belief in their activities and their ability to adapt based on successful experiences were crucial. They responded effectively to environmental changes, including evolving government relationships. Fostering leadership belief, highlighting the benefits of activities, and supporting collaborative responses to environmental changes are essential for ongoing success.

Challenges and coping strategies for providing maternal health care services among health care professionals in rural health facilities in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a qualitative study

BackgroundMany factors can decrease job productivity and cause physical and psychological complications for health care professionals providing maternal care. Information on challenges and coping strategies among healthcare professionals providing maternal healthcare services in rural communities is crucial. However, there needs to be more studies, especially qualitative research, to explore challenges and coping strategies for providing maternal health care services in Ethiopia among health care professionals, particularly in the Wolaita zone.ObjectiveTo explore the challenges and coping strategies of professionals providing maternal health care in rural health facilities in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023.MethodA phenomenological qualitative study design was applied from May 20 to June 20, 2023. The study was conducted in rural areas of the Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Healthcare professionals from rural areas were selected using purposive sampling, and in-depth interviews were conducted. A qualitative thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Field notes were read, recordings were listened to, and each participant’s interview was written word for word and analyzed using ATLAS.ti 7 software.ResultFive main themes emerged from the data analysis. These themes included inadequate funding from the government, societal barriers to health and access to health care, professionals’ personal life struggles, infrastructure related challenges and health system responsiveness, and coping strategies. Reporting to responsible bodies, teaching mothers about maternal health care services, and helping poor mothers from their pockets were listed among their coping strategies.ConclusionHealthcare professionals have a crucial role in supporting women in delivering babies safely. This study revealed that they are working under challenging conditions. So, if women’s lives matter, then this situation requires a call to action.

Narrative research on the capabilities of widows receiving social cash transfer

The aim of this study was to examine the capabilities of widows in Turkey who received social cash transfers after the death of their husbands in the context of Nussbaum's capabilities approach, starting from their childhood, before and after the death of their husbands. The study used a narrative design, one of the qualitative research designs. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 participants selected through snowball sampling. Thematic analysis of the data in MAXQDA 2022 program was conducted according to Nussbaum's ten basic capabilities principles. The results revealed that the participants' limited capabilities, starting from their childhood years, were transformed into multiple disadvantages during marriage, the death of the spouse, and later life processes. Becoming a “widow” at the end of such a life cycle not only led to dependency on social cash transfers in the fight against poverty, but also did not create opportunities to expand their capabilities.

Hybrid organisations embedded in resource-poor contexts: linking organisational capabilities and individual capabilities – a slippery ground?

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to research on hybrid organisations operating within the information and communication technology for development paradigm to foster socio-economic inclusion through the capacity building of marginalised individual youth to enable their entry and participation in the formal labour market. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative research design, the authors investigated impact sourcing service providers and their beneficiaries to unpack how hybrid organisations fulfil their social mission and to provide a nuanced understanding of their needed capabilities. Data triangulation through document analysis, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted for the empirical findings’ robustness and in-depth analysis. Findings This paper illuminates how hybrids strived to build beneficiaries' capabilities through empirically grounded approaches of “standardised” and “individualised” skills development, which were strongly connected to the perceived capabilities among the beneficiaries. Organisations that practiced the “individualised” approach imparted technical knowledge and, depending on individual needs, relevant social skills. Critically, the empirical findings call into question the effectiveness of the scalability model, as the results showed that the creation of standardised, low-skilled and low-paid jobs contradicts the idealised self-help status that employment advocates. In addition, the findings underline the central role of constant experimentation, resilience and organisational learning in revamping capabilities of hybrid organisations. Remarkably, compared to organisations committed to the “standardised” technical competency path, the results underscored the difficulties that organisations taking an “individualised" approach face in developing organisational capabilities for their financial sustainability. Further, organisations engaged in standardised” skills development were found to readapt their business model to the economic value and kept the wording of dual mission as a narrative. Originality/value The paper makes a conceptual and empirical contribution bringing together two separately developed literature strands – the organisational capability approach and – the individual capability approach, to enhance a more profound understanding of how both capabilities are connected to each other in the dual-mission orientation of hybrids embedded in resource-poor environments, global value chains, Global South, hybrid organisations, organisational and individual capability building.

Grounded in liquidity: writing and identity in third space

In this article, we argue that writing for publication has the potential to support the creation, negotiation and stabilisation of the professional identities of third space practitioners in higher education. Caught in the impermanence and unpredictability of liquid life, third space opens up unique opportunities in writing that afford its practitioners a means of building and sustaining identity. It expands academic writing beyond its normative constraints, creating a tension between the apparent permanence and solidity of writing and the liquidity that allows for the negotiation of meaning and identity. As such, writing, particularly for dissemination, provides third space practitioners with a strategy for creating a grounding narrative that helps to stabilise their own identity while allowing the flexibility required by a ‘liquid’ and uncertain present. We explore this process of negotiation by examining the role of writing in identity formation from the perspective of a range of third space practitioners, in an international triple-site qualitative research study involving learning developers, learning designers, academic developers and writing specialists. Our findings reveal that writing, as an act of negotiation of identity in third space, has the potential to actuate the fluidity of the space, so that it can become a site of liberation and resistance that may transform the very act of scholarly writing. What our study shows is that writing offers third space practitioners an opportunity to establish a narrative thread that may stabilise their liquid roles in academia.

Citizens’ perspectives on healthy weight approaches in low SEP neighborhoods: a qualitative study from a systems perspective

BackgroundThe physical and the social environment are important predictors of healthy weight, especially in low socioeconomic position (SEP) neighborhoods. Many Dutch municipalities have implemented a healthy weight approach (HWA). Yet, there is room for improvement. This system science study examined what influences the utilization of HWA facilities and activities, and what aspects can help to achieve a desired systems change (also called leverage point themes (LPTs)) in the HWA system as perceived by citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods.MethodAll research phases were performed with four citizens co-researchers. Forty-seven citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods were semi-structurally interviewed about the neighborhood HWA facilities and municipal HWA activities. A rapid coding qualitative analysis approach was applied per topic. The topics were citizens’ healthy living description, personal circumstances, and satisfaction with foot and cycle paths, sports facilities, playgrounds, green spaces, museums and theaters, community centers, churches, healthcare, school, food supplies, contact with neighborhood, unfamiliar and/or unused activities, familiar and used activities, unavailable but desired (lacking) activities, and reaching citizens.ResultsThe utilization of HWA facilities and activities was influenced by the overarching themes of social cohesion, familiarity, reaching citizens, maintenance, safety, physical accessibility, financial accessibility, social accessibility, fit with personal context, and fit with the neighborhood’s specific needs. Different overarching themes stood out across different facilities and activities. LPTs indicated the overarching themes needed in combination with one another for a specific activity or facility to increase utilization. For example, the LPT regarding foot and cycle paths was “accessible, safe, and maintained foot and cycle paths”. The LPTs regarding familiar and used activities were “customized activities; information provision (e.g., about possibilities to join without paying); social contact, meeting others, and everyone feels included”.ConclusionConducting inclusive qualitative research from a systems perspective among citizens living in low SEP neighborhoods has contributed valuable insights into their needs. This enables practical implementation of HWAs by providing a deeper understanding of the LPTs within the HWA system. LPTs can help HWA stakeholders to further develop current HWAs toward systems approaches. Future research could study the leverage points that may contribute to LPT implementation.

Dental behaviour support: can we improve qualitative research on patient experience?

Databases included Embase, Medline (via OVID) and PsycINFO (via EBSCO). Studies referenced within included review articles were additionally screened for relevance. This review focused upon qualitative research studies and their use of dental behaviour support (DBS) tools to support dental care. Included studies were restricted to those in English and published since 1997. Screening of studies involved several authors according to pre-agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the event of disagreement, a third author mediated the collaborative discussion. Included studies first provided baseline study information including the type of qualitative research, the population studied and details of the type(s) of DBS under investigation. Then the qualitative data generated by each study, together with any interpretation provided by the authors, was entered onto bespoke data collection forms. A thematic synthesis approach was adopted. The authors generated new themes supported by selected quotations. The methodological quality of each included study was explored through a recognised tool and the level of confidence provided by each study was informed by the GRADE-CERQual assessment process. Twenty-three studies were included. Most studies used semi-structured interviews, followed by focus groups and a small number of video diaries. For most studies, the focus was upon the dental care of children with a good proportion of these exploring dental general anaesthesia (DGA). Indeed, DGA was the most studied DBS technique. Whilst some studies explored adults' experiences of DBS, none of the included studies centred upon medically compromised or older adults. The review authors identified five themes following data synthesis. These themes included the following areas (abridged and modified from the review paper): trust; information sharing; control and autonomy; perceived treatment success and failure of DBS techniques; and the longer-term impact of DBS techniques upon patients. Qualitative research has more to offer our understanding of DBS techniques and the impact they have upon patient care experience. There is a need for research to explore a wider range of DBS techniques used in isolation or in combination. Patient reported experiences of care should be considered in the development of outcome measures and any related DBS Core Outcome Set.

Desperate Journey: Experiences of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Carcar City Jail

This is qualitative research on the experiences of persons deprived of liberty in Carcar City Jail during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study sought answers to the life-changing experiences of the informants during the COVID-19 pandemic, how they coped with the challenges they encountered, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of the persons deprived of liberty. The study utilizes the phenomenological method of research. There were 10 informants individuals confined at Carcar City jails for the periods 2017-2018 and 2019-2022 respectively. They were selected based on the preset criteria of being in the facility during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research proceeded with an in-depth interview using the interview guide and voice recorder. The interviews were transcribed and with the use of Colaizzi’s method of analysis, eight emergent themes were created, namely: In the Life-Changing Experiences of the Informants during the COVID-19 Pandemic, three themes were created, namely: Breaking Momentum: Reminiscing the Older Self; Recovery Point: Road to Redemption; Breaking Point: The Moment of the Greatest Collapse; and Point of Reckoning: Reflection of One Self. In coping with the challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic, two themes were created: Desolation: In the Face of Sorrow and Healing a Broken Soul: It's OK Not to Feel OK. For the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of the informants, two themes were created Retooling: The Long and Winding Road of Change and Reborn: The Return of the Prodigal Son. It is recommended in this study that the persons deprived of liberty experience creating an avenue for them to strive to change their perspective in life and stay away from things that might trigger them back to their old ways. The families of the informant's continuous support and understanding as to the source of the PDL’s strength and hope for their loved ones who are undergoing treatment programs and to stay strong to weather the storm and see the light beyond the darkest part of the tunnel. The DILG, BJMP, LGU and community should all play a role in achieving a holistic approach to rehabilitation as a program instrument by providing the necessary resources and equipment to fully achieve the goals of rehabilitating persons deprived of liberty as changed individuals upon reintegration into the folds of the community.

Zonasi Kawasan Wisata Pantai di Kota Padang Sumatera Barat Menggunakan Pemodelan Viewshed

Padang City is one of the cities in West Sumatra which has a coastline with a coastline of 68 km. The coast of Padang City is a special interest tourist area in West Sumatra Province. This research aims to determine the approximate zoning of coastal tourist areas using geotagging photo data and determine the range of visibility using viewshed modeling. Zoning is carried out using the Kernel Density method. Kernel Density divides zones through the density of geotagging photo coordinate point data. In this research, the geotagging photo data used is photos that capture coastal views in the city of Padang. The viewshed is carried out towards the mainland because it has topographic diversity. This type of research is qualitative research. The data used is secondary data obtained through the Ina-Geoportal agency. The results of the research showed that there are 6 core zones of coastal tourist areas that are usually visited by tourists in Padang City, West Sumatra Province. The tourist beach area has a viewshed area ranging from 0.174 km2 to 4,569 km2.

Factors influencing the continuity of evidence-based practice in perioperative airway management for elderly patients with fractures: A qualitative study.

More and more evidence-based practices are emerging, but researchers mostly focus on short-term effects, resulting in evidence-based practices not being applied in the clinic in the long term. In this study, we took the evidence-based practice of perioperative airway management in elderly fracture patients as an example and adopted a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the influencing factors of its sustainability to provide a reference basis for promoting the continuity of evidence-based practice in the clinic. To explore factors influencing the persistence of evidence-based practice in perioperative airway management in elderly patients with fractures. This study was qualitative research. Nine nurses who implemented evidence-based practice in the orthopedic ward of a tertiary comprehensive hospital in Shanghai from September 2023 to October 2023 were selected using purposive sampling as research subjects. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method based on the three dimensions and ten factors of the NHS sustainability model. Three main themes and ten subthemes were identified: Process aspects (benefits to patients, benefits to nurses, lack of follow-up, complex processes); staff aspects (insufficient human resources, inadequate training and education, lack of leadership support); and organizational environment aspects (inadequate infrastructure, poor patient compliance, poor doctor cooperation). Human resources, training and education, leadership support, infrastructure, and patient-physician collaboration are important factors influencing the sustainability of evidence-based practice for perioperative airway management in older patients with fractures.

Ethical and Political Critique of Violence in Salman Rushdie’s Shalimar the Clown

This paper analyses how a benevolent person, who even stands above the petty religious rivalries, becomes ferocious, and cheerfully murders the other due to the unacceptability of otherness of other in the novel Shalimar the Clown by Salman Rushdie. Literature offers insights into death, violence, and mourning in multiple ways. Death is not simply an individual loss; it can widely be understood as a social issue leading to revenge. As a source of revenge, violence appears in terrifying ways. The way death takes place in today’s society helps to blur the notion of what is vulnerability and invulnerability. The risk of being dehumanized in terms of culture, society, religion, and so on emerges against the backdrop of the local and global politics that function through the discourse and powers. The loss of somebody in the life results into aggressive action that appears in violent ways damaging self and other. In the novel, the death of Max Ophuls is planned, designed and performed. It is celebratory for Shalimar where as it counts as grief for India (Daughter) and the world. Drawing on the Butler’s idea of ‘Precarious life’ as well as Care of the Self and Levinas’s idea of Care of the Other, I argue that motive for violence of Shalimar is based on what Butler calls ‘Giving Account to Oneself.’ As this is a qualitative research, I have analyzed the lines extracting them from the primary text, Shalimar the Clown. In the paper, I conclude how person needs to account himself or herself first if the otherness of other (ethics) is not acknowledged.

Analisis Kebutuhan Evaluasi Pembelajaran Unsur Dalam Tari Merak Bagi Peserta Didik Sekolah Menengah Pertama Berbasis Crossword Puzzle

This research to create innovative learning in creative evaluation through a crossword puzzle. The problem is focused on the fact that teachers still use conventional or paper-based learning evaluation models. To approach this issue, Sugiyono's theory on Evaluation is used as a reference for conducting the research. The learning evaluation process was carried out at SMP IT INSAN CENDEKIA to analyze the needs of students and teachers in the learning evaluation process at the school. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which will produce an online-based learning evaluation innovation. Data was collected through qualitative research used to capture art learning evaluation assessment data conducted by teachers using observation, interviews, and documentation data collection techniques. The data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Quantitative research was used to test the validity and reliability of the products to be produced. The results of the research show that the wordwall puzzle is very practical for use by students of SMP IT INSAN CENDEKIA in the learning evaluation process, with 22 out of 24 students able to understand and use this application effectively. This study concludes that the online-based crossword puzzle learning evaluation model can provide new innovations in the evaluation process and has a high level of effectiveness and efficiency.

Promotion of ecotourism and communication policy in increasing tourists in Indonesia

This article aims to analyze the form of promotion and its policies in increasing tourists in Indonesia. Ecotourism is one of the nation’s vital sectors that can improve the economy, preserve nature and introduce local culture. Sadly, today, ecotourism has yet to be discovered by the public, which cumulatively causes much damage. Therefore, The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy is tasked with educating the public in order to create a collaborative synergy. This article uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The primary data sources in this study are Twitter netizens’ tweets and The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy ‘s social media accounts. At the same time, the secondary data used in this study are articles, books, and reportage. Then the data will be analyzed through several procedures, namely, 1) data matrix, 2) data reduction, 3) coding, and 4) conclusion drawing. The results showed that the messages conveyed by The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy regarding ecotourism were good, and the intensity was relatively high. Public conversations about ecotourism have also been substantive in accordance with ideal ecotourism. Unfortunately, the intensity of The Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy ‘s message is not accompanied by the intensity of ecotourism conversations in the community. However, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy has issued a communication policy in promoting ecotourism in Indonesia. This aims to benefit the wider community, such as community productivity, economic improvement, and the introduction of local culture to the international community.

Nierówność płci w wychowaniu i resocjalizacji młodzieży w perspektywie badań przedstawicieli oświaty, resocjalizacji i pracy socjalnej

My interest in issues of social inequality, in particular gender inequality, as well as my desire to understand the gender differences I observed in the causes of girls’ placement in the Youth Education Centre, contributed to my research and this follow-up article. Studies have been carried out as qualitative research. The researcher, applying an instruction manual, interviewed eight representatives of education, resocialization, and social work. The interviews concerned social inequality and the situation of contemporary youth. The main research problem was the question of how representatives of education, resocialization, and social work perceive girls’ and boys’ behaviour and correction applied to them due to gender? Analysis and interpretation of the interviewees’ opinions indicated a meaning of the internalized gender image. Moreover, the research can help realize that the disproportionately high number of women working in education, resocialization, and social issues has an impact on the reproduction of cultural patterns and social standards, which further consolidates gender inequality.

Meritocracy and material consequences at the intersection of race, class, and disability for pre-service PE teachers

Disproportionate rates of poverty among Black and Latine populations in the United States exemplify material consequences and ideological meritocracies of systemic racism. While education is often touted as a way to escape poverty, legacies of racism, classism, and ableism embedded within higher education and physical education teacher education (PETE) confront Black and Latine undergraduates directly, forcing them to navigate additional emotional and social barriers. We examined how Black and Latine pre-service physical education (PE) teachers enrolled in predominantly white institutions faced specific hurdles and/or barriers to teacher licensure along with material consequences of classism and ableism. We used qualitative visual inquiry, including narrative-based, semi-structured, and conversational interviews, and photo elicitation. We analyzed data deductively using intersectional Critical Race Theory. The first theme highlights a collective narrative of socioeconomic status’ bounding role in participants’ PETE stories, evidencing potential disruptions to successful teacher licensure. We then shift focus to share the stories of four Black and Latine pre-service PE teachers with learning disabilities. Participants highlighted a discourse of meritocracy, where academic accommodations were perceived as “advantages,” overlapping with institutional neoliberalism that ignores systemic oppression for poor and working-class pre-service PE teachers with and without learning disabilities. Participants’ narratives highlight systematic patterns of marginalization related directly to socioeconomic status and learning ability that PETE faculty and administrators are responsible for addressing.

Role of Farmers' Cooperatives in Income Generation: A Study of Chitwan District

The farmer cooperatives are the kinds of cooperative that only farmers are involved to run the cooperative and the purpose of the cooperatives is to work for the wellbeing for farmers. The study focuses on role of farmers' cooperative in income generation. Main objectives of the study analyzed the situation of farmers' cooperatives of Chitwan and their activities related to income generation of the members. The study followed descriptive method and data were analyzed both qualitative and quantitative research design. Conclusion of this study was based on primary data. In Chitwan only 15% cooperatives were related to farmers' cooperatives and these cooperatives have no enough capital and investment, however, the attempt of cooperative in income generating was excellence. Income generating activities of the cooperatives created new hope among the members. Profit of the cooperatives showed that those cooperatives were in a right track and in future the cooperatives can be played more effective role in income generation.

Exploring the influence of rural longitudinal multidisciplinary student placements on interprofessional education and collaborative practice in South Africa

Background. Training health professions students along the continuum of care on the distributed training platform (DTP) is increasingly being adopted by universities across Africa to promote the development of responsive healthcare professionals. Interprofessional collaboration to meet patient needs is an integral part of this ideal. Multidisciplinary student placement on the DTP (MDTP) provides opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE). Stellenbosch University offers longitudinal undergraduate student placement at two rural MDTPs in South Africa. Objective. The objective of this study was to explore the perceived IPE opportunities in Worcester and Upington in South Africa. Methods. Sixteen purposively selected undergraduate students from five-degree programmes who trained in Upington or Worcester were individually interviewed in 2022 using a qualitative case study research design. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted in reflection with an independent researcher, after which data were deductively analysed using the definition of IPE to guide data coding and theme development. Results. The value of curricular IPE activities and the need for co-curricular IPE activities focused on holistic patient care were noted. Extracurricular themes related to purposive co-ordination of accommodation, transport and social activities to promote interprofessional interaction were noted. Conclusion. It is not always possible to purposively design IPE activities on rural MDTPs owing to financial and human resource constraints. This study offers insight into curricular, co-curricular and extracurricular facilitators for IPE in the design of learning opportunities and logistics on rural MDTPs. Recommendations for the development of future MDTPs are presented.