Qualitative Field Research Articles

Madheshi Dalit Women’s Access to Citizenship and Livelihood Alternatives in Nepal

This article delves into the ramifications of Madheshi Dalit Women’s (MDWs) access to citizenship on their strategies for livelihood. Within the context of Nepal, the discourse surrounding citizenship often portrays the MDWs as immigrants or insufficiently authentic citizens. This perception is rooted in historical social hierarchies that have systematically marginalized individuals possessing multiple subordinate identities, such as Madheshis, Dalits, women and the landless. Remarkably, the MDWs embody all of these identities. The prevailing narrative of a hill-based national identity endorsed by the state has prompted inquiries into the loyalty of the MDWs to the nation, consequently undermining their rightful citizenship claims. Drawing upon qualitative field research conducted in Nepal’s central and eastern Tarai districts, where a significant population of Madheshi Dalits resides, this study investigates the intricate interplay between access to citizenship and its implications for livelihood strategies and survival challenges: land ownership and labour participation. The findings underscore the considerable challenges faced by the MDWs, including limited livelihood options, acute landlessness and unorganized wage labour.

Revealing Topsoil Behavior to Compaction from Mining Field Observations

Soils are a finite resource that is under threat, mainly due to human pressure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to produce maps of soil properties, functions and behaviors that can support land management and various stakeholders’ decisions. Compaction is a major threat to soil functions, such as water infiltration and storage, and crops’ root growth. However, there is no general agreement on a universal and easy-to-implement indicator of soil susceptibility to compaction. The proposed indicators of soil compaction require numerous analytical determinations (mainly bulk density measurements) that are cost prohibitive to implement. In this study, we used data collected in numerous in situ topsoil observations during conventional soil survey and compared field observations to usual indicators of soil compactness. We unraveled the relationships between field estimates of soil compactness and measured soil properties. Most of the quantitative indicators proposed by the literature were rather consistent with the ordering of soil compactness classes observed in the field. The best relationship was obtained with an indicator using bulk density and clay (BDr2) to define three classes of rooting limitation. We distinguished six clusters of topsoil behaviors using hierarchical clustering. These clusters exhibited different soil behaviors to compaction that were related to soil properties, such as particle-size fractions, pH, CaCO3 and organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and some BDr2 threshold values. We demonstrate and discuss the usefulness of field observations to assess topsoil behavior to compaction. The main novelty of this study is the use of large numbers of qualitative field observations of soil profiles and clustering to identify contrasting behavior. To our knowledge, this approach has almost never been implemented. Overall, analysis of qualitative and quantitative information collected in numerous profiles offers a new way to discriminate some broad categories of soil behavior that could be used to support land management and stakeholders’ decisions.

Dampak Kemiskinan Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kotanopan Secara Ekonomi Islam

This research is descriptive qualitative field research. This field research was conducted in Kotanopan Village, Mandailing Natal Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research used the side quota method consisting of 15 quotas taken from 3 RTs in Hamlet 001, as well as interviews with the village head. Next, this research problem was analyzed using a qualitative data analysis method that uses a deductive thinking approach. The research results show that several causes of poverty in Kotanopan Village are as follows: low level of education; lack of funds; and family responsibilities. Based on these factors, poverty has the impact of losing people's welfare rights such as clothing, food and shelter, because some people still live in semi-permanent homes, losing the right to education because parents cannot teach their children, and losing the right to get a decent job because the head of the family does not have enough education so they cannot pay their children's school fees.

Pelaksanaan Metode Uswah Hasanah pada Mata Pelajaran Akidah Akhlak

This article aims to look at the phenomenon of educators in the use of learning methods, because educators are one of the final factors in the success or failure of learning carried out in schools, so by using a variety of teaching methods students are expected to achieve maximum learning achievement. One of the learning methods that can be applied in Akidah Akhlak learning is the Uswah Hasanah method. This method as a method is used to realize educational goals by giving good exemplary examples to students to be in line with the values of the Qur'an and Sunnah. The purpose of this research is to explain the planning, implementation, evaluation, and supporting and inhibiting factors. The type of research is descriptive qualitative field research. Descriptive type is a research intended to collect information about the status of an existing symptom, namely the state of the symptom according to what it is at the time the research is conducted. The results showed that the planning of the Uswah Hasanah method in Akidah Akhlak had been made by educators and had been applied in the learning process. The planning is in the form of a teaching module. The implementation has been carried out in accordance with the planning made in the teaching module, although the implementation is not in accordance with the actual theory and not all steps of using the method are carried out by Akidah Akhlak educators. Evaluation of the implementation of this method is carried out continuously during learning.

HONG KONG’S CIRCULAR ECONOMY ON PLASTICS: ARE THE ECONOMICS FAILING?

In the Special Administrative Region Hong Kong, municipal solid waste has grown substantially over the past two decades with plastic waste accounting for an increasingly large proportion. In response, the Hong Kong government trialled several schemes that centred on economic mechanisms and the circular economic principles of recycling and reduction to manage plastic bags and plastic beverage containers. As the results of these measures have been met with strong criticism, the present paper assesses the extent to which therein applied economic mechanisms realised a circular management of these streams. To explore this question, the paper relies on quantitative and qualitative field research combined with an analysis of a specifically designed public opinion survey. The findings indicate that price setting is a key element towards circularity for waste plastics in Hong Kong, yet it is not the sole determinant. Using an evolutionary institutional framework the paper shows that besides economics the incorporation of consumers’ and recycling stakeholders’ interests are key for effective regulations towards a circular economy on plastics in the city.

Ministry of Religion Communication Techniques in Efforts to Disseminate Halal Certification Obligations for Business Actors in Deliserdang Regency

<em>This article uses qualitative methods or field research in the form of exposing field facts related to the communication patterns of religious ministries in Deliserdang Regency. This research was conducted at the Office of the Ministry of Religion, Deliserdang Regency, North Sumatra Province. This research was conducted for 6 (six) months in 2023 starting from July to February 2024. The number of informants for this research was 6 (six) people. The data collection technique uses triangulation (observation-interview and documentation). Then the data analysis technique, researchers used the Miles and Huberman model technique with three analysis steps, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing or verification. The research results provide an illustration that the use of communication techniques by the Deli Serdang Ministry of Religion in efforts to disseminate halal certification obligations: 1) Informative Communication Techniques, 2) Persuasive Communication Techniques, 3) Human Relations Communication Techniques. To support halal certification activities, the Deli Serdang Ministry of Religion uses various communication media, including: First, Interpersonal Media. Second, Mass Media and Third, Social Media. Then in an effort to disseminate halal certification obligations for business actors in Deliserdang Regency. Implementation must prioritize communication principles and ethics that are in accordance with religious values, integrity and transparency</em>

Social Protection Programs and the Future of the Poor and Vulnerable in Nigeria: Notes and Reflections from Lessons of History

Existing studies argue that Social Protection Programs are designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets. Therefore, the government must respect and promote the principles of non-discrimination, gender equality, responsiveness to social needs, social inclusion (including in the informal sector/economy), and respect for people's rights and dignity. This research uses qualitative field methods in the area and its surroundings. This research also uses historical documents from national archives and documentary data from newspaper reports, diaries, letters, and oral reports. The most common types of social protection include labor market interventions, social insurance, and social assistance. While this is the standard worldwide, especially in the ideal Social Contract between society and government, this has yet to be the case in most countries in the Developing World, especially Nigeria, in the last decade. So the impact is increasing poverty, neglect of older people, unemployment, disappointment, and tension, which leads to violent conflict. Therefore, this research attempts to build relationships between Nigeria's government and the Poor and Vulnerable Communities. The Nigerian government must show great commitment to the issue of social protection programs that are in line with global practices.

Pandangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Tentang Makanan Tanpa Ada Batasan, (All You Can Eat )

This research explains the buying and selling of food with the All You Can Eat concept and is explained from the perspective of Sharia economic law. This buying and selling is done to attract buyers or visitors to take part in a tradition that has existed for a long time but is currently developing again and is being born in a modern way, namely the tradition of food being served in a buffet style so that now many people are following a trend called All you can eat. Basically this is a marketing strategy. The writing method used is using library research and qualitative field research, namely participating as a buyer when making a transaction using the All you can eat concept.

ANALISIS PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI KEGIATAN KULIAH KERJA NYATA TEMATIK (KKNT) DI KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

Community economic empowerment is one of the crucial aspects in efforts to improve the welfare and development of a region. Economic empowerment programs, such as Community Service Program, are an effective means of realizing this goal. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the community economic empowerment program through Community Service Program activities in the Wonogiri area. This research is qualitative field research with a phenomenological approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained is then processed and analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. The results of Community Service Program activities, although still faced with various challenges, are that the Community Service Program can be implemented smoothly. The conclusion in this research is that there needs to be a strong commitment from universities, local governments, community institutions and village communities themselves. With good cooperation and the right strategy, optimizing Community Service Program can realize inclusive and sustainable development in the village.

Utilisation Challenges of Public Health Insurance Initiatives: Evidences from Sehat Sahulat Programme (SSP) in Pakistan

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Healthcare utilisation largely depends on both demand and supply-side factors. On the supply side, health infrastructure could be better to serve the population’s needs, whereas, on the demand side, affordability is the main challenge, especially for poor households. Health insurance provides an opportunity to avail of decent health facilities. The government of Pakistan launched the Sehat Sahulat Programme (SSP) to provide equitable and affordable indoor health services through public-driven health insurance. The current study has analysed the SSP by focusing on the factors that may reduce the in-door utilisation of health services. Besides secondary analysis, we have managed the qualitative and quantitative field survey by conducting in-depth interviews with all the supply and demand side stakeholders. A household survey is also carried out with the beneficiaries. Our analysis found that the programme has been facing the issues of lower utilisation due to various factors, including lack of awareness and a limited number of empanel hospitals. In some districts, there is only one hospital to cater to the needs of 73,000 families. The programme also requires focus to ensure 100 percent enrolment of all the eligible families, as in study districts, the pending cases range from 22 percent to 74 percent, with an average of 39 percent. Around 7 percent of the inpatients are deprived of seeking indoor treatment, either due to lack of hospital or lack of facility in the hospital or denial of services by the empanel hospital. The programme requires improving the environment of the empanel hospital by ensuring the availability of communication material, the 24/7 presence of a front desk person (HFO), and the availability of the operational manual. On the demand side, we found that most beneficiaries need more proper knowledge about various programme features, including where they should go for treatment, package amount, type of treatment covered in the package, and whom to contact for information. Despite the low utilisation rate, a heartening element is the high satisfaction level of the beneficiaries who had received treatment. As a way forward, we recommend the following: First, the programme may ensure every citizen receives in-door health treatment by improving accessibility and availability of health services and easing the documentation requirement. Second, there must be a sufficient number of empanel hospitals, and offered packages against a treatment must be attractive to avoid the ‘pick and choose’ option by the hospitals. The entire government health infrastructure must be on the pool of SSP. It should be mandatory that all private hospitals be a part of the SSP. Third, the authorities must ensure that HFOs should be available in hospitals 24/7. The hospital list should be publicly available through various sources, including the website and dedicated SMS service. Moreover, the programme should introduce some Android applications to find the nearest hospital to a patient. Fourth, there is a need for a grassroots-level communication strategy, especially in districts where the programme is universal. The key messages must be disseminated at the doorsteps of beneficiaries. For this, the programme may involve local notables, education and health departments, and other social safety net departments having a ground-level presence (i.e., BISP, Zakat, Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal, and various provincial social protection/security authorities). Overall, the communication strategy must be heterogeneous, considering the population’s needs.

PERANAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN SISWA DI BAMRUNG ISLAM SCHOOL PHATTALUNG, THAILAND SELATAN

International Real Work Lecture (KKNI) provides a perspective on the role of educators in improving the ability to read the Al-Qur’an at Bamrung Islamic Academy in Phattalung, Southern Thailand. Al-Qur'an education occupies an important position in Islamic Religious Education. Students need guidance from educators to understand the Al-Qur’an. Educational institutions such as the Bamrung Islamic Academy in Phattalung are one of the places to get Al-Qur'an education. This research adopts a qualitative field approach. Through KPLI at Bamrung Islamic Academy, researchers gained experience in assisting students in reading the Al-Qur'an, understanding the principles of recitation, so that students can easily understand and read the Al-Qur'an. Educators have an important role in helping students overcome difficulties in reading the Al-Qur’an.

An investigation of worker decision-making optimization for smart manufacturing

The transition to smart factories, characterized by computer-integrated facilities and advanced technologies, has heightened the demand for specific and advanced skills in workers. This multidisciplinary project brings together insights from cognitive psychology research and qualitative field research to present a framework that identifies factors at the individual and organizational system levels for success in smart manufacturing. The cognitive psychology research indicated that augmenting human cognition, particularly memory, significantly improved performance in training scenarios. The field research resulted in a multi-factor framework to address individual and organizational decision-making factors. A proposal is presented to apply the research findings to designing a training paradigm for smart manufacturing workers and facilities to be adaptable for a variety of situations.

Spiritual Approach to Improve Anti-Bullying Based Learning at MTs NU Nurul Huda Kudus

The recent rise in bullying cases that have hit various educational institutions at all levels has caused profound problems. More than that, Indonesia is currently ranked 5th in the world in cases of bullying in educational institutions. This research aims to examine spiritual approaches in learning to improve anti-bullying based learning. This research is qualitative field research with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by interviewing school principals, teachers and students, observing the implementation of anti-bullying-based education with a spiritual approach and documenting school documents, like; lesson plans, report and school collaboration documents. Data analysis was carried out by sorting, grouping, coding and then looking for appropriate themes for interpretation. The research results show that a spiritual learning approach can be carried out by strengthening learning materials and integrating learning materials. Reinforcing learning has a greater impact compared to integrating learning. The importance of learning with a spiritual approach to the development of students is the internalization of noble religious teachings. So that it can form good behavior and keep students away from bullying behavior that currently still often occurs among Indonesian students.

Increase in Marriage Dispensation at the Giri Menang Religious Court West Lombok NTB

Marrying underage is highly discouraged considering the many negative impacts that can be caused. considering the many negative impacts that can be caused. Starting from problems health, mental readiness, emotional maturity, economy to the way of thinking. In Article 7 of Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage is explained in Paragraph 1 which reads Marriage is only permitted if the man and woman have reached the age of 19 years. Reach the age of 19 years. However, if someone wants to get married, the man and woman have not reached the age specified by the law, it is permissible to apply for marriage dispensation at the Religious Court. This research focuses on the issue of the procedure for applying for marriage dispensation and what are the factors behind the rampant the background of the rampant submission of marriage dispensation, and what are the considerations of judges Giri Menang Religious Court in granting dispensation of marriage. This study uses a qualitative field research method. Data collection techniques using observation methods, interviews and documentation, and analyzed qualitatively. Findings in this study it is known that the Panel of Judges when granting dispensation. Due to several factors including factors of pregnancy outside of marriage, length of courtship, and elopement (selarian) then refers to the dharuri the benefit that is dharuriyah for the applicant, namely in terms of maintaining the soul and offspring. preserving the soul and offspring

Eksistensi Mahasiswa PPL Dan Praktikum Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Di SMP Negeri 5 Panyabungan

This research aims to get answers to discussions regarding the existence of STAIN Madina PPL students, regarding students' learning motivation and the role of PPL students in increasing learning motivation. This research is qualitative field research. The research subjects were students at SMP Negeri 5 Panyabungan using observation, interview and documentation instruments. Most of them feel unprepared and lack confidence when carrying out teaching practices. However, they do not face difficulties in mastering the teaching material. PPL STAIN Madina students have a positive influence on students' learning motivation. seen from the responses of students who were happy with the presence of PPL students. Efforts to play an optimal role in increasing students' learning motivation are carried out by creating good communication with students, implementing appropriate learning strategies and establishing good cooperation with tutors and supervisors.

Pembelajaran Al-Qur'an dengan Model Flipped Classroom pada Mata Pelajaran PAI untuk Mengefektifkan Waktu dan Sumber Daya Manusia pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This research aims to explore the implementation of the Flipped Learning method in seventh-grade students at Middle School of Wiraguna Limbangan, Garut by conveying its strengths and weaknesses, with a focus on situations or events related to research problems in learning innovation. The scope is limited to efforts to uncover problems and challenges within the learning context. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive field research approach. The research subjects consist of 30 students from Wiraguna Limbangan Middle School in the subject of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and workgroup observations. The research findings conclude that students have engaged in learning activities using the flipped learning method according to their respective roles. Reading materials and participation in discussions indicate that students are active and responsible in the learning process that employs the flipped learning method. Effective learning through flipped classes is supported by the use of technology and engaging media.

Implementasi Desain Pengembanagan Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Mapel PAI Di SMK Darunnajah Banjarmangu

The aim of this thesis is to: Explain how the Merdeka Curriculum is applied to the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character at Darunnajah Vocational School, Banjarmangu; and Provide an explanation of the design for the development of the Independent Curriculum in the subjects of Islamic Religious Education and Character at Darunnajah Vocational School, Banjarmangu.The author uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach and field research. To collect data, this research uses observations, in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), and documentation. On the other hand, the author uses data reduction methods, data visualization, conclusions, or verification in data analysis techniques which are carried out with the aim of facilitating understanding of problem phenomena that occur and providing solutions to problems.The results of the research show that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Subjects at Darunnajah Banjarmangu Vocational School has been carried out well. This starts with PAI teachers preparing themselves to apply learning, namely creating learning tools and learning flows, from initial, core, and closing. Students then carry out the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) outside the classroom. At Darunnajah Banjarmangu Vocational School, the design for developing the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in PAI subjects is to take part in workshops, increase teacher creativity, and share to change the way of teaching to make it better.

Studi Literatur: Pentingnya Pembelajaran Berpendekatan Etnomatematika pada Materi Geometri

Numeracy problems at SD Negeri 4 Penarukan, Buleleng have decreased in geometry material. The results of ANBK that have been carried out show that numeracy literacy in several indicators such as basic concepts related to geometry and statistics, and solving simple routine math problems has decreased. This study aims to describe the results of a study of learning strategies with an Ethnomathematics approach to improve numeracy literacy in geometry material. The method used in this research is qualitative library research and field study by collecting several relevant articles that discuss the use of the Ethnomathematics approach in the learning process and adjusted to the results of literacy and numeracy of teachers in the field. The results of this study are in the form of a review of five relevant studies related to the ethnomathematics approach to improve numeracy literacy in geometry material and student numeracy literacy. The use of this Ethnomathematics approach should be a solution for schools to improve student learning outcomes and numeracy literacy skills.

Moral Education in the Era of Globalization for the Formation of a True Muslim Identity

Moral education is essential and must be instilled from an early age, especially in the era of globalization for the formation of a true Muslim identity. A child's mental development continues to evolve and develop towards the perfection of his thinking. For this reason, at the Riyadlu As-Shalihin Cintaraja Integrated Islamic Boarding School, personality morals are the most important parameter. The aim of this research is to determine moral education in the era of globalization for the formation of a true Muslim identity at the Riyadlu As-Shalihin Cintaraja Integrated Islamic Boarding School. This research uses a qualitative approach, descriptive method, case and field design. As a result of his research, all habituation programs at the Riyadlu As-Shalihin Cintaraja Integrated Islamic Boarding School are recorded in the RAKAAT Book (Report of Activities for Taqwa Children) which is highly respected (1). Honesty, (2). Discipline. (3). Full of sincerity in carrying out devotion to worship. The contents of the Rak'at Book include; (1). Yaumiah Prayer Service Activities: Pardhu, Dhuha, Qiyamullail, witr prayers. (2). Tadarus Al-Qur'an activities, murojaah/Tahfidz juz 29, 30, and selected syura (Yaasin, Al-Mulk, Al-Wakiah, Al-Jumu'ah, al-Kahfi, Ar-Rahman). (3). Tabarat (afterlife savings) is a balance so that you don't only save for worldly interests, but also for the hereafter. Form of application of the program; (1). KETAWA program (if you find trash, take it straight away), (2). Makbul Program (anti-violence Madrasah). (3). Tablignatun Mubaligin” for learning to become a Da'i. The problems faced have been anticipated by the teachers/clerics/ustadzah as human resources at this Islamic boarding school, never to shift from the application of the Rakaat Book. It's simple, just carry out the rakat after the output. The solution is to maximize the running of the RAKAAT Book as well as good coordination between the school and the students' parents.

Pemanfaatan Waktu Belajar Siswa Di Luar Jam Sekolah Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Keagamaan

This research is based on the relatively short study time of students. Therefore, to optimize or utilize spare time, activities are needed that can develop students' personalities in terms of morality, worship, and achievement. One of the informal institutions based on Islamic boarding school that has utilized spare time is the Paqusatta Islamic boarding school, located in the North Sangatta district, Kutai Timur regency. The adapted research method we used is a qualitative field method involving data collection, observation, and interviews. The utilization of students' study time outside of school hours through Islamic boarding school activities has significant objectives in education, especially in shaping character with morality and achievement. Therefore, this research aims to explore ways to utilize students' study time outside of school hours through Islamic boarding school activities to shape students' moral and high-achieving characters. This research uses a qualitative approach to collect data, relationships, cause and effect, and factors influencing the utilization of spare time in students. The aim is to determine the methods used by teachers in utilizing students' spare time, exemplified through religious activities and the implementation of extracurricular programs in Islamic boarding school, aiming to enhance the utilization of spare time in shaping moral and high-achieving characters in students.