Qualitative Data Sets Research Articles

Medical student experiences of equality, diversity, and inclusion: content analysis of student feedback using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory

BackgroundIssues relating to equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) significantly impact on medical student achievement and wellbeing. Interventions have been introduced at curricular and organisational levels, yet progress in addressing these issues remains limited. Timely evaluation is needed to assess effectiveness of interventions, and to explore issues and interactions in learning environments impacting on student experience. We introduced an anonymous question concerning students’ experiences of EDI into routine online student feedback questionnaires, to scope the nature of ongoing issues and develop greater understanding of students’ experiences in our programme environment. Ecological systems theory, which conceptualizes learning as a function of complex social interactions, determined by characteristics of individual learners and their environment, provides a framework for understanding.MethodsFree-text responses regarding experiences of EDI gathered over 20 months from all programme years (n = 760) were pooled for analysis, providing a holistic overview of experiences in the learning environment. A counting exercise identified broad categories reported by students. Content analysis of the qualitative dataset was undertaken. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory was applied as a framework to demonstrate interdependencies between respondents’ experiences and environments, and associated impacts.ResultsThree hundred and seventy-six responses were received relating to wide-ranging EDI issues, most frequently gender or ethnicity. Responses mapped onto all areas of the ecological systems model, with frequent links between subsystems, indicating considerable complexity and interdependencies. Interpersonal interactions and associated impacts like exclusion were frequently discussed. Differential experiences of EDI-related issues in medical school compared to clinical settings were reported. Impacts of institutional leadership and wider societal norms were considered by respondents. Respondents discussed their need for awareness of EDI with reference to future professional practice.ConclusionsImplementation of a regular free-text evaluation question allowed data-gathering across cohorts and throughout several stages of the curriculum, illuminating student experience. Connections established demonstrated intersectionality, and how environment and other factors interact, impacting on student experiences. Students experience EDI-related issues on multiple levels within the educational environment, with consequent impacts on learning. Any successful approach towards tackling issues and promoting equity of opportunity for all requires multi-level actions and widespread culture change. Students can offer fresh and distinct perspectives regarding change needed, to complement and diversify perspectives provided by staff and organisational leadership. Student voice should be enabled to shape change.

Learning to relocalize: institutional entrepreneurs as transformative agents in public food services

ABSTRACT We explore purposive institutional change and the role of institutional entrepreneurs in initiating and driving relational learning processes. Supplementing new institutionalist theory with an institutional learning lens and using a longitudinal set of rich qualitative interview and observation data, we investigate how institutional entrepreneurs engage in transformational work to effectuate change in dominant institutional logics, thus transforming the institutional field. We propose that institutional entrepreneurs, by skilfully utilizing discursive and material practices to catalyze reciprocal learning processes, can introduce a new institutional logic and ensure its adoption and internalization by pivotal actors and stakeholders. We illustrate these dynamics using a municipality situated in Northern Finland as an example. The municipality has successfully managed to transform its food services as part of efforts to develop more sustainable regional economies and communities. It offers a rare case of successful purposive institutional change and an interesting best practice example both nationally and internationally.

Patient-reported primary health care experiences in Canada: The challenges faced by Nepalese immigrant men

BackgroundDespite the Canadian universal healthcare system, new immigrants face a number of challenges in accessing primary healthcare (PHC) services. As immigration to Canada consistently increases, understanding various types of barriers to PHC and how they differ across different sub-groups is critical. We conducted a qualitative study among Nepalese immigrant men to learn from their experience with PHC access to inform healthcare providers, stakeholders, and policymakers to devise feasible approaches to enhancing access to care. MethodsWe undertook a qualitative research approach employing focus groups among a sample of first-generation Nepalese immigrant men who had prior experience with accessing PHC in Canada. Data collection and analysisWe conducted six focus groups in total with 34 participants (each group comprising 5–7 participants) in their preferred language, Nepalese, or English. Demographic information was collected prior to each focus group. Transcriptions of the discussions were prepared, and thematic analysis was employed in the qualitative data set. ResultsParticipants reported experiencing barriers at two stages: before accessing PHC services and after accessing PHC services. The barriers before accessing PHC were long wait time for an appointment with physicians, limited knowledge of own health- and services-related issues, limited service availability hours, cultural differences in health practices, and transportation and work-related challenges. The barriers after accessing PHC were long wait time in the clinic to meet with the physicians at the time of appointment, communication challenges and misunderstandings, high healthcare costs associated with dental and vision care and prescribed medicines, and inappropriate behaviours and practices of doctors and service providers. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Canada which explored barriers faced by Nepalese immigrant men in accessing PHC. ConclusionsThis study identifies barriers to accessing PHC in Canada from a group of immigrant men's perspective. It is important to account for these while making any reforms and adding new care services to the existing healthcare system so that they are equitable for these groups of individuals as well.

THE IMPACT OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA INVASION ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ETHIOPIA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Prosopis-Juliflora invasion on development in Ethiopia by taking Afar Regional State as Case Study. Prosopis Juliflora has become the most invasive plant in the Ethiopia. Although the social, economic and environmental impacts of Prosopis in Afar Regional State has become threatening, both the federal and regional state governments were late to start the practice of controlling and managing its spread in the region. Data for this study were collected through qualitative methods like informant interviews, observation, focus group discussions and document analysis. Ninety six participants were interviewed and eight focus group discussions were conducted. The qualitative dataset was thematically analyzed through deductive identification of themes. The researcher recommended that both the federal and regional state governments should give prior concern to the eradication of the invasive plant before it covered the whole land in the regional state.

RNA Secondary Structure Modeling Following the IPANEMAP Workflow.

The structure of RNA molecules and their complexes are crucial for understanding biology at the molecular level. Resolving these structures holds the key to understanding their manifold structure-mediated functions ranging from regulating gene expression to catalyzing biochemical processes. Predicting RNA secondary structure is a prerequisite and a key step to accurately model their three dimensional structure. Although dedicated modelling software are making fast and significant progresses, predicting an accurate secondary structure from the sequence remains a challenge. Their performance can be significantly improved by the incorporation of experimental RNA structure probing data. Many different chemical and enzymatic probes have been developed; however, only one set of quantitative data can be incorporated as constraints for computer-assisted modelling. IPANEMAP is a recent workflow based on RNAfold that can take into account several quantitative or qualitative data sets to model RNA secondary structure. This chapter details the methods for popular chemical probing (DMS, CMCT, SHAPE-CE, and SHAPE-Map) and the subsequent analysis and structure prediction using IPANEMAP.

Navegando em guerras de território: perturbações na política da burocracia

Abstract: Turf wars occurring within and between government agencies can lead to conflicts and power struggles as they involve competition for resources, authority, and influence. This study aims to deepen our understanding of intra-bureaucratic disputes within the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) (1985-onwards). The research problem is: how do turf wars impact intra-bureaucratic dynamics? We assert that the MFA is not a cohesive entity but rather a site of ongoing disputes. Employing a narrative politics framework and thematic content analysis, we scrutinized a qualitative dataset comprising interviews, memoirs, book chapters, testimonies, and statements to explore these disputes. Through a strategy of revealing cases, we strategically selected instances to elucidate the theoretical foundations presented. The results suggest that the rotation of roles and disputes are focused on the establishment of relationships among diplomats over the course of their careers. Moreover, shifts in the political landscape give rise to novel dynamics in functional mobility.

Financial Technology and Financial Inclusion in Remote Areas of Algeria. Analytical Study Using Data Mining

This study aimed to demonstrate how financial technology tools can be used to achieve financial inclusion by shedding light on the reality of financial technology and financial inclusion in Algeria, specifically in the remote areas of Algeria, as financial inclusion represents one of the main areas that economists and governments are trying to focus on to eliminate poverty. To reach the goal of the study, a statistical analysis method was adopted for the various questions asked to 200 participants in the survey during the period 2022–2023. A set of quantitative and qualitative data was used. The study population represents 200 individuals to whom the questionnaire was distributed. A data mining tool was used to analyze the study data, and the survey participants’ K algorithm was later used to predict the behavior patterns of people from a similarly contextualized community regarding financial activities. The study concluded that financial technology, through its multiple tools, changes the structure of comprehensive financial services, in addition to the diversity and style of financial services provided to individuals, which has enhanced and increased their availability to a broader social group that did not have access to them. It was also shown that there is a significant impact of financial technology tools on enhancing financial inclusion indicators. It is recommended to adopt effective and modern financial and technological strategies that provide marginalized social groups with reasonable access to financial services and products that meet their needs, including transactions, payments, savings, credit, and insurance. Therefore, obtaining the added value of data and investing it will increase financial inclusion indicators.

국내 의류봉제 산업의 글로벌소싱 의향 고려요인 연구

Purpose - This study seeks to investigate the determinants of global sourcing intention in clothing sewing industry, in particular with its focus on women’s Knitwear production.
 Design/methodology/approach - This study collected a unique set of qualitative data through 31 in-depth interviews with fashion brands, promotion agencies, and sewing factories between July 2023 and October 2023. In addition, it analyzed the dataset using the MAXQDA to complement the research findings.
 Findings - We have two findings. First, the interviewees commonly mentioned the following factors as reasons for considering global sourcing: the human factors(aging of skilled technicians and labor shortages), the financial factors(gap in production unit prices at home and abroad), the relational factors(lack of novelty), and the physical factors(loss of production infrastructure and network), while the human factors(skilled workforce), the production factors(delivery date and product quality), and the relational factors(timely communication and mutual trust) as reasons for continuing domestic sourcing. Additional code analysis of interview also supports this finding. On the other hand, there was also a subtle difference between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and processing plants), and buyers consider the exact delivery date critical so that they could see trend-sensitive women’s Knitwear on time, and suppliers took production costs, labor costs, and labor shortages, which are financial factors, more seriously.
 Research implications or Originality - This study provides a richer and more balanced view of existing literature, which has generally tended to introduce global sourcing across the clothing industry despite the existence of various diversity within the industry. In addition, through qualitative research, we introduce that the sewing industry is carried out according to complex factors, and by revealing and categorizing the determinants of global sourcing, we supplement the existing research on the clothing sewing industry centered on survey. On a practical note, this study introduces that there is a difference in view of domestic sourcing and global sourcing between buyers(brands) and suppliers(promotion agencies and sewing factories), suggesting practical implications for revitalizing networks and deriving win-win cooperation network models among members in the future.

CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS

Abstract Associated with aging, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are likely having a disproportionate effect on North American Indigenous communities due to longer life expectancies and high rates of chronic diseases. Despite missing prevalence data on ADRD in for Native Elders, it is known that one in five American Indians and Alaska Natives experience subjective cognitive decline and one in four adults are currently caregivers. Similarly, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) are twice as likely to have dementia compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Yet, little is known about the journey of dementia caregivers within American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) and how their unique cultural influences shape their caregiving experiences within their communities. We will present the voices from the transcripts of three 3 different qualitative data sets that include 93 American Indians and Alaska Natives, and six Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander caregivers and elders about their personal experiences with taking care of family or community members with dementia and approaches to care. in their communities. The presentation focuses on the influences on cultural values on the caregiving experience, caregiver access to resources, and generative moments throughout caregiving. Results identify similarities among these groups but also distinct variations, which emphasize the importance of linguistic and culturally tailored research, interventions, and policies. Based on our findings, we outline culturally specific recommendations to improve the caregiving experience for each of these Indigenous groups.

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN LARGE QUALITATIVE DATASETS IN GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Abstract Qualitative research focuses on in-depth data to understand people, processes, and phenomena. It often involves smaller datasets that do not intend to produce generalizable results but instead illuminate nuances, counterexamples, or underrepresented voices. Qualitative data can produce theory and allow for in-depth analyses. Recent methodological developments have created opportunities for large mixed methods projects to produce voluminous amounts of qualitative data that can and sometimes are shared as secondary datasets. The growing use of big data has also produced new possibilities for large qualitative datasets. Additionally, longitudinal and comparative qualitative research can produce significant data. This symposium presents four studies that examine opportunities and challenges in large qualitative datasets in gerontology. The first article uses multiple qualitative datasets to examine how long-term care staff balance resident rights of safety and autonomy. The second article uses multiple qualitative methods in a larger mixed methods Friendship Study to examine meaningful connections among people living with dementia in long-term care. Through a multi-site community university partnership, the third study extracts qualitative data from over 500 patient records to examine experiences of terminally ill hospice patients from residential homes for the dying. The fourth study examines nearly ten years of qualitative data from over 20 communities to examine successful aging from an Alaska Native perspective. Altogether, these four studies illuminate diverse strategies for identifying qualitative data, using data software, managing data, addressing ethical dilemmas, and employing research teams for coding and analyzing large qualitative datasets in gerontological research. This is a Qualitative Research Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

A cure-all for energy poverty? Thinking critically about energy advice

Dramatic increases in global energy prices in 2022 have sharpened focus on the suffering experienced by people living in energy poverty – a situation where they are unable to afford the energy required to meet their basic needs. In many countries, providing energy advice to householders is part of a wider strategy to assist those who are experiencing such hardship. However, little research scrutinises whether and how energy advice can be useful in reducing vulnerability to energy poverty. It is this research gap we address here. Drawing on an extensive qualitative dataset, we find that efforts to provide tailored, in-person advice can help to partially ameliorate energy poverty, but its impacts are limited by structural factors that are beyond the immediate influence of advisors or individual citizens. Energy advice should be seen as a supplement to, not a replacement for, more ambitious and transformative political action that addresses the structural and institutional drivers of inequality.

Forensic Traceable Liquid for Deterring Trafficking in Cultural Property: Pilot Implementation in Iraq

ABSTRACT This paper introduces and evaluates forensic traceable liquid technology as a potential deterrent for trafficking in cultural property, earlier employed in the UK to reduce heritage crime and recently implemented in Iraq to protect over 573,000 archaeological objects in five museums. The study suggests a theoretical framework and unveils novel qualitative and quantitative empirical datasets acquired through surveying and interviewing 42 law enforcement practitioners from 21 countries. The acquired data confirms the theoretical underpinnings and reveals that forensic traceable liquid, physically applied at the source, is viewed as an efficient deterrent on the market side, providing hard evidence of provenance, enhancing traceability, increasing the certainty of being convicted of dealing in illicit material, introducing risk, and invisibly guarding objects along the trafficking chain. Notably, source-country respondents appear more enthusiastic about this innovation than market-country ones, while the support for its wider implementation is unanimous.

Let's Move with Leon—A qualitative evaluation of a UK digital intervention to improve physical activity in people with a musculoskeletal condition

ObjectiveThis article presents a qualitative evaluation of a 13-week digital intervention, ‘Let's Move with Leon’, designed to improve physical activity in people with a musculoskeletal condition. Study designA qualitative evaluation embedded within a randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of the intervention at improving self-reported physical activity. MethodsA total of 184 participants received the intervention and were asked each week for 13 weeks to provide comment on their use and the usefulness of the digital physical activity behaviour change intervention. In addition, after 13 weeks, 12 participants took part in a semistructured interview to understand their use and the usefulness of the intervention. A thematic analysis was conducted on the combined qualitative data set. ResultsA total of 128 of the 184 intervention participants (70.11%) provided at least one qualitative comment over the course of the evaluation (mean number of comments per participant = 5); in total, 674 comments were received. The thematic analysis identified three themes: (1) dipping in and out, (2) one size does not fit all and (3) monitoring and feedback. The qualitative data suggest that participants used the intervention sporadically, dipping in and out due to other commitments, and competing programmes, their changing physical ability, confidence and motivation. Not getting off to a good start was detrimental to use; many wanted to come back to the programme at a more appropriate time. A ‘one size fits’ approach catered for some but not all participants. Whilst not a predetermined intervention component the act of monitoring levels of activity as a data collection method seemed to encourage physical activity but may also result in negative social comparisons. ConclusionDigital physical activity behaviour change interventions are not one-size-fits-all; personalisation is key. Monitoring of activity by a named person can create commitment. Many dip in and out. Digital physical activity behaviour change interventions could complement physiotherapy exercises for people with musculoskeletal conditions. Signposting to local activities should be considered.

Corporate sustainability reporting and information infrastructure

PurposeInformation infrastructures can enable or constrain how companies pursue their visions of sustainability reporting and help address the urgent need to understand how corporate activity affects sustainability outcomes and how socio-ecological challenges affect corporate activity. The paper examines the relationship between sustainability reporting information infrastructures and sustainability reporting practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper mobilises a socio-technical perspective and the conception of infrastructure, the socio-technical arrangement of technical artifacts and social routines, to engage with a qualitative dataset comprised of interview and documentary evidence on the development and construction of sustainability reporting information.FindingsThe results detail how sustainability reporting information infrastructures are used by companies and depict the difficulties faced in generating reliable sustainability data. The findings illustrate the challenges and measures undertaken by entities to embed automation and integration, and to enhance sustainability data quality. The findings provide insight into how infrastructures constrain and support sustainability reporting practices.Originality/valueThe paper explains how infrastructures shape sustainability reporting practices, and how infrastructures are shaped by regulatory demands and costs. Companies have developed “uneven” infrastructures supporting legislative requirements, whilst infrastructures supporting non-legislative sustainability reporting remain underdeveloped. Consequently, infrastructures supporting specific legislation have developed along unitary pathways and are often poorly integrated with infrastructures supporting other sustainability reporting areas. Infrastructures developed around legislative requirements are not necessarily constrained by financial reporting norms and do not preclude specific sustainability reporting visions. On the contrary, due to regulation, infrastructure supporting disclosures that offer an “inside out” perspective on sustainability reporting is often comparatively well developed.

Vastness of Teachers' Awareness of Students with Special Needs at St. Pamachius Inclusive Secondary School in Hai District, Tanzania

This formative assessment sought to determine the educators' awareness of special needs students' abilities in promoting inclusive education at St. Pamachius Secondary School. Anchored in Scaffolding theory by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky in 1978, the evaluation employed the convergent design under a mixed methods evaluation approach in which qualitative and quantitative data sets were collected at one point in time, analyzed separately before they were converged in a single study. The targeted population was 439, from which 151 respondents were sampled through stratified random, census and convenient sampling techniques. Data were gathered using questionnaires and interview guides from 123 students, 24 teachers, 1 head of school, and 1 Catholic Diocesan Education secretary. Tools for data collection were validated through research experts from Mwenge Catholic University, and the reliability of the questionnaire was achieved through the Cronbach Alpha technique, where coefficients for students' and teachers' questionnaires were 0.85 and 0.76, respectively. The trustworthiness of the qualitative data was ensured by the triangulation of instruments and peer debriefing methods. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed in frequencies and percentages and presented in a table. The qualitative data were coded, thematically analyzed and presented in direct quotations. The research findings indicate that both teachers instructing students with special needs and the students themselves exhibit awareness of inclusive education principles. Furthermore, the study highlights positive interactions between teachers instructing both special needs and non-special needs students. Consequently, it can be inferred that teachers and students possess an awareness of effective teaching and learning strategies for both groups, which ultimately contribute to their potential development within the framework of inclusive education at St. Pamachius Secondary School.
 Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology enforce mandatory inclusive education courses within teacher training programs. This initiative aims to mandate the integration of inclusive education modules in all teacher training institutions. This mandate ensures that every graduating teacher possesses the essential knowledge and skills for proficiently implementing inclusive education. Such a systemic reform aligns with the overarching objective of advancing inclusive education and comprehensively addressing students' diverse needs.

A Qualitative Dataset for Coffee Bio-Aggressors Detection Based on the Ancestral Knowledge of the Cauca Coffee Farmers in Colombia

This paper describes a novel qualitative dataset regarding coffee pests based on the ancestral knowledge of coffee farmers in the Department of Cauca, Colombia. The dataset has been obtained from a survey applied to coffee growers with 432 records and 41 variables collected weekly from September 2020 to August 2021. The qualitative dataset includes climatic conditions, productive activities, external conditions, and coffee bio-aggressors. This dataset allows researchers to find patterns for coffee crop protection through the ancestral knowledge not detected by real-time agricultural sensors. As far as we are concerned, there are no datasets like the one presented in this paper with similar characteristics of qualitative value that express the empirical knowledge of coffee farmers used to detect triggers of causal behaviors of pests and diseases in coffee crops.

The emotional labour of teleworkers conducting online counselling during Covid‐19.

AbstractDrawing on emotional labour theory, this paper explores the barriers to emotionally complex telework, with a specific focus on the space, interface and pace of work. We examine the working lives of mental health counsellors who adapted from in‐person delivery to online delivery whilst working from home, during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Our qualitative data set comprises of semi‐structured online interviews with 31 counsellors across the United Kingdom. Findings reveal that boundary issues, increased technical interruptions, increased screen time and associated fatigue, and increased contact‐ability due to digitalisation were key barriers to conducting emotionally complex tasks and exacerbated the emotional labour of participants creating more negative outcomes. This resulted in heightened emotion management in the home space, emotional dissonance, stress and in some cases, burn‐out.

Transforming urban mobility and public space through slow streets. A stakeholder approach

In June 2020 the Local Council Association (LCA) in Malta launched the ‘Slow Streets’ action plan to promote active travel and use public transport, while at the same time provide information to reduce mobility. This paper explores people's perceptions and opinions towards this action plan, and the opportunities and challenges perceived and anticipated experiences in the future implementation of it. To do this we use two qualitative datasets: people's perceptions from 84 semi-structured interviews and an N focus group amongst stakeholders. The semi-structured interviews were conducted between February 2022 and April 2022 by intercepting people in the streets of six localities that showed interest in being part of the action plan. The online focus group was conducted in February 2022. The findings show that 66 % of the resident participants were not aware of the action plan, which is of concern when considering the topic of stakeholder involvement. From the qualitative analysis three main themes emerged: car culture, safety and policy. People agreed that there should be permanent interventions to reduce car use. Both stakeholder groups agreed that urban areas should have safe environments for children to play, and engage in sustainable mobility and healthier lifestyles.

Gendering Parliamentary Diplomacy: The case of EU27-UK Relations

Abstract Parliamentary diplomacy (PD) is a contemporary feature of modern parliamentarism but remains, thus far, underexplored from a gender lens. PD incorporates the relationships that parliamentarians or parliaments as institutions have with other parliaments, parliamentarians, and nonstate actors to foster peace, democracy, understanding, dialogue, legitimacy, and scrutiny of governments. Parliaments are spaces of parliamentary and international negotiation and communication, practiced through rules, practices, and symbols. This article draws on a single case study of the European Parliament (EP) and of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) gendered PD, at the time of Brexit—a period when international agreements and relationships were shaped and how gendered PD was culturally legitimized. It is based on a unique qualitative dataset of 140 interviews and ethnographic research (2018–2020) generated at the time of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom’s MEPs from the EP. Based on this analysis, it further considers what a feminist PD might look like.

Many Cooks in the Kitchen: Iterating a Qualitative Analysis Process Across Multiple Countries, Sites, and Teams.

Establishing and proving methodological rigor has long been a challenge for qualitative researchers where quantitative methods prevail, but much published literature on qualitative analysis assumes a relatively small number of researchers working in relative proximity. This is particularly true for research conducted with a grounded theory approach. Different versions of grounded theory are commonly used, but this methodology was originally developed for a single researcher collecting and analyzing data in isolation. Although grounded theory has evolved since its development, little has been done to reconcile this approach with the changing nature and composition of international research teams. Advances in technology and an increased emphasis on transnational collaboration have facilitated a shift wherein qualitative datasets have been getting larger and the teams collecting and analyzing them more diverse and diffuse. New processes and systems are therefore required to respond to these conditions. Data for this article are drawn from the experiences of the Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) Research Consortium. ICAN aims to understand how self-injectable contraceptives can be implemented in ways that best meet women's needs in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, and Nigeria. We found that taking a structured approach to analysis was important for maintaining consistency and making the process more manageable across countries. However, it was equally important to allow for flexibility within this structured approach so that teams could adapt more easily to local conditions, making data collection and accompanying analysis more feasible. Meaningfully including all interested researchers in the analysis process and providing support for learning also increased rigor. However, competing priorities in a complex study made it difficult to adhere to planned timelines. We conclude with recommendations for both funders and study teams to design and conduct global health studies that ensure more equitable contributions to analysis while remaining logistically feasible and methodologically sound.