Qualitative Data Analysis Process Research Articles

NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approach for accessing to health care services for the slum people in Dhaka.

This study holds significant importance as it aims to delve into the impactful NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches instrumental in providing healthcare services to Dhaka's underserved slum people. It focuses on understanding how these factors influence the use and access to health services, which is a crucial aspect for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals. This study was meticulously designed, utilizing a comprehensive cross-sectional mixed-methods design. By incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, we ensured a thorough understanding of NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches to providing healthcare services to slum dwellers in Dhaka, thereby instilling confidence in the validity of our research for the audience. A face-to-face interview was used to survey the participants (n = 722) using semi-structured questionnaires, following a systematic sampling technique. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with the slum people. Binary logistic regression was performed to know NGOs' initiatives, roles, and grassroots approach as predictors or independent variables and healthcare services as an outcome or dependent variable. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. At the same time, thematic analysis was conducted following Philip Adu's Qualitative data analysis process and Braun and Clarke's six steps of the thematic analysis system, integrating the 11 subthemes with the quantitative findings to highlight the interpretative findings of the qualitative data. Major findings revealed that NGOs' initiative roles and grassroots approach had a significant impact on slum dwellers' use and access to healthcare services. The initiatives included affordable health services (OR = 22.86, 95% CI = 3.87, 35.00, P = 0.01), special health services (OR = 5.63, 95% CI = 3.36, 9.42, P = 0.00), engagement of responsible community leaders (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.59, P = 0.01), distribution of health and medicine items (OR = 1.92, 95% 2 CI = 1.40, 2.63, P = 0.01), provision of updated information to slum dwellers (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = .99, 1.90, P = 0.05), telehealth and telemedicine (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.13, P = 0.01), BCC strategy (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.57, P = 0.05), and doorstep services as NGOs' grassroots approach (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.00, 3.38, P = 0.05). Qualitative findings supported the quantitative findings through 2 main themes and 11 sub-themes, which were integrated with quantitative findings to highlight the interpretative findings of qualitative data. Health services and other facilities for urban slum people through NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches are highly affordable and practical, special health services with the involvement of special exceptional health professionals, community supportive services, BCC strategies, and doorstep health services may trigger the use and access to health services for slum dwellers. Results suggest and recommend capitalizing and investing in such initiatives and grassroots approaches from the government, policymakers, and donors with NGOs to find accessible, affordable health services for the unprivileged slum people.

Peran Day Care Dalam Stimulasi Perkembangan Fisik Motorik Anak Usia Dini Di Buncha Daycare Jakarta Pusat

Nurpadilah, The Role of Day Care in Stimulating Early Childhood Physical Motor Development at Buncha Daycare, Central Jakarta (2024). Thesis. Jakarta: College of Teacher Training and Education Panca Sakti Bekasi. 2024. This study aims to examine the role of day care in stimulating the physical motor development of early childhood in buncha day care central Jakarta, using physical motor development instruments with the role of day care in child growth and development and the effectiveness of day care in stimulating children's physical motor development using the Likert model attitude scale form. The research method used is descriptive research method with qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were elements of the day care institution which included the principal, educators/caregivers, and parents at Buncha Day care. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation with a qualitative data analysis process through several activities, namely data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the growth and development of children (aged 2-3 years) there are still those who are not actively participating in activities (rare entry / new to daycare) and must be considered again by employees or parents and more routine child stimulation is needed because seeing growth and development is not in accordance with the age stage. Through analysis of the results of observations, what should be considered

A valid and reliable self-peace scale with indicators of love, care and fearlessness for adolescent drug users

Self-peace is a crucial component for individuals/teenagers/students to live happily and recover from drug use. However, self-peace isn't wholly owned by individuals affected by drug use or recovering from drugs. Peace counsellors measure self-peace as a form of the addiction counsellor's role in the growth of self-peace due to drug use. This research aims to develop a valid and reliable self-peace scale. The research method uses a sequential exploratory mixed method from the qualitative data analysis process supported by quantitative data. The research targets were three expert validators and N=151 subjects among students/individuals/adolescents. Qualitative descriptive analysis compiles grids and statement items and provides expert input in developing the self-peace scale. Quantitative data analysis from the expert assessment with Aikan-V and instrument testing with confirmatory factor analysis will be used to determine the validity and reliability of the self-peace scale. The results of the data analysis compiled a blueprint of the peace scale (sub-aspects of caring, courage and love) and 12 statement items that were included in the very feasible category (Aikan-V ≥0.888). Validity of statement items with 12 valid statement items with factor loading ≥0.5, KMO=0.793 ≥0.50, reliability score 0.842 (high criteria). School counsellors can use student problem assessments to analyze student problems and needs. Counsellors, psychologists and researchers can use the self-peace scale to determine the development of an individual's self-peace to recover from drug use with four answer choices. The analysis results can be applied to further intervention in peace counselling. Keywords: self-peace, scale, validity, reliability

The impact of family systems and social networks on substance use initiation and recovery among women with substance use disorders.

While social networks influence individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), the mechanisms for such influence are under-explored among women who use drugs. This study triangulates the perspectives of criminal justice professionals, SUD treatment professionals, and women with past and current experiences with substance use to explore these dynamics. We conducted semistructured interviews (N = 42) in 2022 with women with current or past opioid use disorder (n = 20), SUD treatment professionals (n = 12), and criminal justice professionals (n = 10) who work with women with opioid use disorder. Interviews centered around participants' backgrounds, perceived barriers and facilitators to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment, and gender-specific issues in MOUD treatment. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and deidentified. We used a four-step qualitative data analysis process to code transcripts. Across these participants' accounts, we identified mechanisms by which women's social networks influenced their opioid use trajectories: intergenerational substance use, family support and strain, intimate partner influence, and peer support and pressure. Overall, the emergent themes in the present study reflect the embedded nature of support within social systems. Women who had access to and engaged with various forms of social support tended to be those who use/used MOUD and self-identified as in recovery. Combining MOUD treatment with psychosocial interventions allows women to heal from trauma, learn effective coping skills, and receive valuable resources to support recovery. Interventions focusing on family resilience and peer recovery support can disrupt the cycle of addiction and promote MOUD treatment success. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

POLITICAL SHIFT LAW SETTLEMENT OF FLY ASH AND BOTTOM ASH (FABA) COAL BASED ON ECOLOGICAL JUSTICE

Purpose: This research aims to gain a comprehension understading on the factors causing the shift in political law regulation of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) coal waste from hazardous and toxic waste (B3) to non-B3 status and provide a solution to the regulatory model for coal FABA based on ecological justice. Theoretical framework: This study also anchors from environmental justice theories known as “political ecology” from the perspective of “procedural justice” and “distributive justice”. Method: This qualitative research was approached as socio-legal research specifications. Miles et al.’s (2014) qualitative data analysis process was employed to analyze the data. Result and conclusion: The research results show that the political shift in the legal regulation of FABA should be based on ecological justice. The causal factor, the formation of law, is influenced by political and economic factors. While economic factors remain the dominant basis in establishing Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, the environment should also be the consideration. Most of the construction of the regulation has not been based on the precautionary principle, non-regression, ecological justice, Pancasila justice, certainty, benefit, legal morality, and international agreements. Practical implication: This study contributes that the implementation of environmental protection and management needs to be reconstructed based on provisions, principles, and principles in forming arrangements such as the precautionary principle, the precautionary principle, the non-regression principle, the ecological justice principle, national justice [Pancasila], certainty, expediency, legal morality, and international agreements, to produce regulations in the environmental sector based on ecological justice.

TEARS OF HOPE: THE PLIGHT OF WORKING STUDENTS UNDER TVL-LATE AFTERNOON PROGRAM

This study investigated the challenges faced by working students enrolled in the Technical Vocational Livelihood Late-Afternoon Program (TVL-LAP) and examined the impact of their employment on their academic performance. The research design employed was descriptive-qualitative, using a phenomenological approach to capture the participants' authentic stories and experiences through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Thematic analysis using Creswell’s (2013) six steps in the qualitative data analysis process was applied to identify prominent patterns within the interviews, which were categorized according to the main themes and core ideas. After the data analysis, three (3) essential themes emerged across all the study questions. Essential themes in the experiences and challenges focused on providing for economic needs, meeting multiple demands, and seeking consideration. Self-motivation, finding time to study, and compassionate teachers and peers were revealed as essential themes in coping mechanisms. Commitment to goals in life, the value of support from God and others, and helping oneself surfaced in shared insights. Findings suggest that providing flexible schedules or alternative work arrangements, offering academic support services, encouraging peer support groups, and providing training and support in time management and problem-solving can help students become more resourceful and efficient in balancing academic and work responsibilities.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0758/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Analysis of Social Media Usage in Enhancing Communication and Collaboration in Educational Environments

In this rapidly evolving digital era, the use of social media has become an integral part of daily life, including among students, teachers, and parents in educational environments. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media usage in efforts to enhance communication and collaboration in educational settings. The method employed in this research is a qualitative literature review utilizing data sourced from Google Scholar spanning from 2020 to 2024. Key search terms included social media, communication and collaboration, and education environment. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis. The qualitative data analysis process involves several steps, such as organising the data, forming themes or patterns, and interpreting the findings from the scientific articles used. The study's findings reveal that in the continuously evolving digital era, social media usage has become a crucial aspect across various domains, including education. The analysis of social media usage in enhancing communication and collaboration in educational environments highlights its significant potential to increase participant engagement, facilitate the exchange of ideas, and broaden the reach of educational information. However, the utilization of social media also necessitates a careful and responsible approach to address associated challenges and risks.

Reference groups as external influence in choosing a private higher education institution

Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) play a crucial role in South Africa as there is a growing need for higher education. However, these institutions face numerous challenges in the current tough economic climate. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the influence of reference groups on consumer’s decision-making process when choosing a PHEI. The literature review revealed very little research has been conducted on how reference groups influence consumer’s decision-making when choosing a PHEI. This addresses a significant gap that the research aimed to analyse. This study used a qualitative research design in the form of 23 semi-structured interviews. The target population of this study included students enrolled in three PHEIs and a non-probability snowball sampling technique was used to draw the sample or until data saturation had been reached per institution. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify broad themes and patterns, after which categories and codes were created. ATLAS.ti 22 supported the qualitative data analysis process. The findings indicated that reference groups, especially family members, played crucial decision-making roles. The findings can inform and lead to more effective marketing strategies and policies.

Empowering Young Women: A Qualitative Co-Design Study of a Social Media Health Promotion Programme.

Social media platforms may be promising intervention tools to address the nutrition literacy and associated health behaviours of young women. We aimed to co-design a lifestyle intervention on social media targeting eating, physical activity, and social wellbeing that is evidence-based, acceptable, and engaging for young women aged 18-24 years. The study used a participatory design framework and previously published iterative mixed methods approach to intervention development. Matrices for workshop objectives were constructed using expert discussions and insights were sought from young women in participatory workshops. A 10-step qualitative data analysis process resulted in relevant themes, which guided intervention development. The resulting intervention, the Daily Health Coach, uses multiple features of Instagram to disseminate health information. Co-created nutrition content considers themes such as holism, food relationships, and food neutrality and acknowledges commonly experienced barriers associated with social media use such as nutrition confusion, body image concerns, and harmful comparison. This study may guide other researchers or health professionals seeking to engage young women in the co-design of women's health promotion or intervention content on social media.

BEBENATO Media as a Means of Introducing the Cooperation Character of Elementary School Students

This research is motivated by the lack of interest from students to understand the collaborative material provided by the teacher. This study aims to analyze the BEBENATO learning comic media as a medium for teaching and instilling the character of cooperation to elementary school students. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach. The data used are descriptions of the BEBENATO learning comic media and the results of assessments from media experts, material experts, and students. The source of this study is the BEBENATO learning comic medium. Collecting data using interviews, documentation, and the analysis of product validation sheets This study uses a qualitative data analysis process that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of validation from media experts obtained a percentage of 80% or more, validation results from material experts obtained a percentage of 97.75% or more, and results of validation by students obtained a percentage of 100% or more, with notes such as improvement of background color, connectedness between stories and material, and pictures that don't describe the atmosphere. This medium can be a good tool to introduce and teach the character of cooperation to elementary school students. From the results obtained from the experts, it was stated that BEBENATO media was appropriate to be used to introduce and teach the character of cooperation to elementary school students.

Women and Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Contributors to Treatment Success From the Perspectives of Women in Recovery, Women With Past Attempts in Drug Treatment, and Health and Criminal Justice Professionals.

The disproportionate incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and the alarming increases in opioid-related overdose deaths among women highlight a clear need for the expansion of effective harm reduction and treatment practices. Research supports medications for opioid use disorders (MOUD) as an effective intervention; however, with low rates of utilization of such, there is a need to identify factors that facilitate MOUD treatment uptake and retention for women. Thus, the current study examines contributors to treatment success through the triangulation of perspectives from affected women as well as health and criminal justice professionals. Interviews (N = 42) were conducted from May to July 2022 with women in recovery who previously used or currently use MOUD (N = 10), women who currently use opioids who terminated a MOUD program previously (N = 10), SUD treatment professionals (N = 12), and criminal justice professionals who work with women who use opioids (N = 10). Interviews for all participants centered around their backgrounds, perceived barriers and facilitators to MOUD treatment, and issues specific to women in treatment for substance use disorder. We used a thematic qualitative data analysis process to analyze transcripts. Participants highlighted contributors to treatment success from 3 domains: (1) internal processes (including promoting self-efficacy and setting realistic goals), (2) access to resources (including material resources, such as food and shelter, educational resources and social support), and (3) treatment structure (such as treatment type and protocol). Internal processes, access to resources, and treatment structure contribute to MOUD treatment success for women with OUD. Structured support where experiences are shared, and realistic goals are set, may promote feelings of acceptance and empowerment, thereby bolstering chances of treatment success. Additionally, the court system can promote evidence-based and trauma-informed substance use treatment and provide accessible educational resources related to substance use to extend these benefits to more women.

Qualitative Research in Digital Era: Innovations, Methodologies and Collaborations

The differentiation of contemporary approaches to qualitative data analysis can seem daunting even for experienced social science researchers. Especially when they move forward in the data analysis process from general analytical strategies used in qualitative research to more specific approaches for different types of qualitative data, including interviews, text, audio, images, videos, and so-called virtual data, by discovering the domain ontology of the qualitative research field, we see that there are more than twice as many different classes of data analysis methods as qualitative research methods. This article critically reflects on qualitative research and the qualitative computer data analysis process, emphasising its significance in harnessing digital opportunities and shaping collaborative work. Using our extensive analytical and research project experience, the last research results, and a literature review, we try to show the impact of new technologies and digital possibilities on our thinking. We also try to do the qualitative data analysis. The essence of this procedure is a dialectical interplay between the new world of digital technology and the classic methodology. The use of digital possibilities in qualitative research practices shapes the researcher’s identity and their analytical and research workshop. Moreover, it teaches collaborative thinking and teamwork and fosters the development of new analytical, digital, and Information Technology (IT) skills. Imagining contemporary qualitative research and data analysis in the humanities and social sciences is difficult. Opening to modern technologies in computer-based qualitative data analysis shapes our interpretation frameworks and changes the optics and perception of research problems.

From Data Management to Actionable Findings: A Five-Phase Process of Qualitative Data Analysis

This article outlines a five-phase process of qualitative analysis that draws on deductive (codes developed a priori) and inductive (codes developed in the course of the analysis) coding strategies, as well as guided memoing and analytic questioning, to support trustworthy qualitative studies. The five-phase process presented here can be used as a whole or in part to support researchers in planning, articulating, and executing systematic and transparent qualitative data analysis; developing an audit trail to ensure study dependability and trustworthiness; and/or fleshing out aspects of analysis processes associated with specific methodologies.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Classroom Management Techniques in EFL Classes in Preparatory Schools

The aim of this study is to explore the classroom management techniques used in EFL classes by preparatory school teachers. To be more specific, the study examines how effectively the teachers of EFL use classroom management techniques in their classes. The sample of the study consisted of 5 teachers from one preparatory school. The qualitative data analysis process has been used in this study to collect the data. In other words, the data were collected from five randomly selected participants by means of a 40-minute face-to-face interview of six open-ended questions. A qualitative method was used to analyze the obtained data as the researcher transcribed the responses so as to find out the common themes. The results of the study show that effective room management techniques, namely effective communication, the constant engagement of learners in activities, regular use of questions by teachers, use of behavior contracts, teachers acting as models of good behavior, and monitoring, are all used by the members of the sample. The study recommends that school administrators should regularly organize seminars that aim at training teachers on these classroom management techniques due to their important role in the teaching and learning process.

Employing learning-oriented assessment to develop early childhood preservice teachers’ interaction skills

ABSTRACT This case study intended to investigate how early childhood preservice teachers' interaction skills were improved throughout teaching practice within the framework of learning-oriented assessment. The data of the study were collected from 17 preservice teachers in early childhood education. Observation notes and reflective journals were used as data collection tools. The vertical analysis procedure was used in the qualitative data analysis process. It was found that more child-centered practices, small group implementations, interaction during free play, and effective feedback and questioning were among the effective strategies used by the preservice teachers to support in-class interaction. In this study, the learning-oriented assessment was discussed by emphasizing its contributions to professional learning during teacher education.

Introduction to Qualitative Data Analysis and Coding with QualCoder

<i>This article demonstrates the process of coding textual data, using QualCoder, a free and open-source software tool for supporting the qualitative data analysis process. The aim is to introduce novice qualitative researchers and undergraduate students of qualitative methods to the process of open coding in a clear and concise way. The systematic coding of the empirical data is a crucial first step in many popular qualitative methods like Thematic Analysis or Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The initial coding phase is a prerequisite for analyzing and making sense of the data. By using QualCoder, the researcher utilizes a dependable, efficient, and easily accessible tool to work with coding without losing transparency, rigor, and depth in the process. The article concludes by discussing the multiple benefits of using such a tool for the coding process, as well as limitations and potential risks, and thus highlighting the multi-purpose pairing between technology and qualitative research.</i>

Grow Old with You: Internet in the Lives of Old People In Southern Philippines

Background: The advent of the internet has brought about a profound transformation in the lifestyles of individuals, significantly shaping the perspectives and strategies adopted by older adults in addressing the complexities associated with ageing. Objective: This study aims to explore the influence of the internet on improving the quality of life of older adults. To achieve this, a narrative research design was employed. Methods: With the use of open-ended questions, the researcher conducted a 30-45-minute one-on-one interview with elderly adults from Southern Philippines who had encountered health problems and utilized the internet to maximize their access to health care services. The process of qualitative data analysis involved the meticulous examination of the narratives, followed by a comprehensive "restoring" of these accounts into a format that encapsulated the diverse stages of their experiences. Results: The results yielded a total of eight pivotal stages, namely: "The Rat Race," "In Distress, Yet Denial," "A Near Death Experience," "Discovering Life Online," "Finding Support in the Digital World," "The Internet: Friend or Foe?," "Encouraging the Non-Tech Savvy," and "The Value of the Internet in Enhancing Quality of Life.". Conclusion: These stages highlight the modifications in the living conditions and health outcomes of the respondents as they accessed and utilized the different online programs and maximized their access to health care services. The results show that the difficulties faced by older adults strongly impact their desire to use the internet's potential, which in turn improves their overall quality of life.

Challenges of E Learning during the Pandemic and Its Implications in Education

A brief introduction regarding the current practices of e-learning and the circumstances which have been affected by the impact of the pandemic have been provided. The overall aim of the study which is meant to portray the impact of e-learning on the education system has been provided along with a list of objectives. Apart from that overview of potential materials and methods has also been provided. The usage of proper methods such as exploratory design, qualitative data analysis process, interpretivism along with proper justifications has also been illustrated for enhancing its reliability. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the selected materials have also been explained. A brief overview of the positive and negative aspects of the e-learning process has also been portrayed. E-learning facilitates women's education and contributes to women's empowerment. The opportunities and issues associated with e-learning are mentioned in this article. By evaluating all the opinions and perceptions of teachers and students, this article concludes that e-learning is needed to continue education; however, technological, financial, and ethical issues must not be overlooked. The digital infrastructure in developing countries needs to be developed, and student living in rural areas must be involved in this new mode of education. Keyword :Advantages, Disadvantages, e-learning, Pandemic, Technical Knowledge.

Teachers’ Views on Guidance and Counseling Services at Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities

With the emergence of Covid-19 pandemic, guidance and counseling services at schools have been impeded. In line with this, teachers’ experiences and views on counselling services have gained importance since they tried to reach the students via online teaching platforms in most cases. The main purpose of this study is to reveal challenges and opportunities encountered by the teacher counsellors in the implementation of guidance and counseling services remotely during the global pandemic. To achieve this overarching aim, two research questions (RQ) were addressed. This descriptive qualitative study employed both qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis process. The participants of the study were 56 counselor teachers who accepted to participate in the study. Data collected through online google survey form. Findings illustrated that 18 subcategories were gathered under the challenges category. We extracted 13 subcategories with different frequencies under opportunities category. As for the thematic analyses results, we identified 4 themes and 21 subcategories under the school counselors’ opinions about challenges encountered however, there were 2 themes and 10 subcategories under the school counselors’ opinions about opportunities encountered. As a result, challenges included school counselors’ quest for supportive, clear direction and job description in a virtual classroom setting. Opportunities included elimination of the time-space-distance restrictions, in-service training opportunities and ease of access to those services.

Contending with the unforeseen “messiness” of the qualitative data analysis process

Qualitative data analysis (QDA) is often depicted as a linear process that employs an organised structure to derive themes inductively or deductively. However, I realised the “messiness” of the process during my doctoral studies on primary teachers’ use of digital technologies in ESL classrooms in Maldivian schools. My own experience revealed that QDA is a nonlinear, iterative and recursive process. Adopting a phenomenological research design to capture my nine participants’ “lived” experiences, I gathered data from various sources over eight months. Shared through this paper is a selection of my experiences that exemplify the nonlinearity of QDA, including the emergent need to develop an NVivo-enhanced Spiral-QDA process to accommodate my unforeseen data analysis experience. Therefore, reflections from my doctoral research experiences may be edifying and helpful for postgraduate students and supervisors in their own QDA process.