Qualitative Assessment Research Articles

Kenyans' perspectives on parenting roles and strategies used to raise young children in Kenya.

Research and parenting programs across the world emphasize two dimensions of parenting: warmth and control. Cross-country literature demonstrates many commonalities across samples on warmth; however, differences are evident with control, largely due to cultural and contextual nuances. Scant literature exists on parenting in Kenya, where half of Kenyans report experiencing child maltreatment typically by parents. Kenyan culture is a unique developmental niche important to understand and inform policies and parenting program development to reduce maltreatment. The purpose of this study was to understand perspectives on parenting strategies with young children, from a sample of Kenyans with varying experiences involving children (e.g., parents, community members). To our knowledge, this study is the first qualitative assessment of parenting practices among children under age 6 in Kenya. The 91 participants (62% female, all ≥ 18 years) completed interviews or focus groups. Based on a thematic data analysis, five themes emerged: (a) parental roles, (b) expressions of warmth, (c) cultural practices with children, (d) control strategies, and (e) factors impacting effective parenting. This study's findings have several implications for both informal and formal supports of families with young children. The findings offer insight into how Kenyans engage in parental warmth and control strategies, including those that are seen as culturally acceptable or harmful, and can inform the development or adaptation of parenting programs for Kenya. Furthermore, these findings offer important considerations for local and federal leaders in how to advance Kenya's policies and efforts to reduce childhood violence and promote healthy child development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancing localisation in public procurements: A framework for evaluating suppliers' capabilities

This study investigates a framework for assessing suppliers' capabilities in public procurements to bolster localisation objectives. The study utilises the Action Design Research (ADR) methodology, combining the strengths of Action Research and Design Science, to examine the 'Ten Products Group' initiative within Iran's oil industry (2014–2023). This approach allows for the investigation of an applied problem within its specific contextual framework. The research highlights the importance of a comprehensive capability evaluation framework that includes qualitative assessments of suppliers' organisational, technological, and manufacturing capabilities. The framework incorporates both self-reporting and independent outside evaluation, enabling the inclusion of competent participants in public procurements and aligning contractual duties with the objective of localisation.The study emphasises the need for a transparent and thorough capability evaluation framework, contributing to the development of local industries and economic growth in situations where suppliers lack necessary capabilities. It suggests that a well-designed capability evaluation framework can facilitate the growth of local industries through public procurements, enabling the inclusion of competent suppliers and supporting economic development. The study's limitations include its focus on the context of localisation in public procurement and the potential challenges associated with implementing the proposed capability evaluation framework in practice.

Recommendations for empirical syndemics analyses: A stepwise methodological guide

Syndemic theory posits that co-occurring diseases interact in a manner that increases disease transmission, progression, and negative health outcomes. And that adverse socioeconomic and environmental conditions promote this disease or health condition clustering and interaction. The concept offers two important contributions to the health sciences. First, it positions socioeconomic, structural, and environmental conditions as central to disease burdens. Second, as a portmanteau – ‘syn’ for synergy and ‘demic’ for disease epidemics – syndemic theory indicates that in some cases diseases do not merely co-occur but synergistically interact to affect an outcome that is more than the accumulation of the individual disease effects. The difficulty in operationalizing these central elements has resulted in a divergence of scholarship from the centralizing principles of the theory towards a simpler accumulation perspective in which more conditions equate to worse health outcomes. In addition, all empirical syndemic assessments should include robust qualitative assessments of the dynamics, however, much syndemic scholarship focuses only on quantitative analyses. To address these issues, a five-step approach to quantitative analyses of syndemic arrangements is proposed: (1) identifying disease clusters within a defined population; (2) determining the relevant social and structural factors that support disease clustering; (3) determining if clusters are distinct by social/demographic groups within the population; (4) evaluating if the identified disease cluster contributes to worse health outcomes; and (5) assessing for synergy between clustering diseases. This stepwise strategy ensures not only a rigorous assessment of hypothesized syndemic interactions but also presents a closer alignment of scholarship with syndemics theory. As an illustration, the approach is applied to an assessment of a hypothesized HIV/cardiovascular disease syndemic in South Africa. While syndemics theory has proven valuable in guiding public health interventions and policy, progressive improvement must be made in the application of the theory to ensure that it continues to effectively inform comprehensive practice.

Fast Sand-dust Image Enhancement Algorithm by Blue Channel Compensation and Guided Image Filtering

Computer vision systems are significantly impacted by the color variation and low visibility of images taken under sand-dust conditions To address the aforementioned issues, we provide a quick and efficient algorithm to improve photos taken under sand-dust situations. The loss value in the blue channel is first adjusted for. Subsequently, the image deteriorated by sand and dust is color corrected using white balance technology. Lastly, the picture contrast and edge correctness are improved using guided image filtering, and the image detail information is improved by using an adaptive method to determine the detail layer's magnification factor. The approach can successfully restore the fading features of sand-dust-deteriorated photos, according to the experimental results on a sizable number of degraded images by the dust in a brief amount of time, and enhance image sharpness. The suggested method may greatly improve the photos taken during sand-dust weather conditions, as shown by experimental findings via qualitative and quantitative assessments, and the outcomes are superior to those of other ways.

A Community-Informed Maternal and Infant Health Needs Assessment in Alabama.

Maternal mortality is a global clinical and public health crisis. Researchers and leading organizations have highlighted the need for local partnerships to implement evidence-based strategies to mitigate poor outcomes. Alabama has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the nation. Research on the complexity of maternity mortality is strengthening, but poor outcomes in Alabama persist and there is limited data highlighting the perspectives of those on the frontlines of providing and receiving care. We conducted a qualitative, statewide, community-informed, maternal and infant health research assessment with physicians, providers, professionals, and birthing persons to identify challenges and solutions to addressing the states' poor perinatal health outcomes. METHODS: Data were collected using a four-phase, research design that included semi-structured interviews, focus groups, one state-wide data sharing event, and five regional data sharing events. Data were collected between January 2020 and October 2021. The data were analyzed using consensus coding and thematic analysis. Fifty-nine (N = 59) individuals participated. Three themes emerged: 1) "They were making me feel so overlooked.": A disconnect between perinatal healthcare services and patient needs; 2) "That shouldn't be something you have to ask for": Limitations to providing respectful perinatal healthcare; and 3) "If they work together, they can have all the tools they need.": Building a case for collaborative care. Participants advocated for a collaborative perinatal healthcare model that focuses on the provision of respectful, quality perinatal healthcare. Our approach can be applied across contexts and used to support the effective implementation contextually relevant maternity care practices.

DIAGNOSTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE OFFICERS

Formulation of the problem. Today the problem of developing information and digital competence (IDC) of future officers in the context of non-formal education and the problem of designing a diagnostic apparatus to measure such development is relevant. The paper aims to develop a diagnostic apparatus (criteria and indicators) to measure the development of information and digital competence of future officers Methods. To achieve this goal, we used the analysis and generalization of scientific sources, structural and logical analysis to identify and substantiate the indicators of the development of the IDC of future officers, as well as content analysis and comparative analysis to characterize the levels of development of the IDC of future officers. Results. To assess the levels of development of the IDC of future officers, the criteria (motivational and value, cognitive and activity) and the relevant indicators (the presence of motives, value attitudes for self-development, knowledge about IT & DT in general and in the industry, the ability to use DT and IT to solve professional problems) have been determined. The qualitative assessment of the indicators made it possible to characterize the levels of development of future officers' IDC. Each level (low, medium, and high) reflects a different degree of IDC development, and, accordingly, a different degree of development of motives, knowledge, and skills to use IT and DT in professional activities. A low level may be sufficient for basic tasks, but medium and high levels are critical for managing complex operations and adapting to the performance of professional duties. Conclusions. This diagnostic apparatus has been developed, and levels of development of future officers' information and digital competence have determined the ability to use modern technologies to perform official duties effectively. With the help of the diagnostic apparatus, it becomes possible to test the effectiveness of pedagogical models of future officers' IDC development.

Health challenges faced by parents of children with disabilities: a scoping review

BackgroundParenting a child with disabilities can feel isolating and overwhelming. Understanding the health challenges of parents with disabled children is essential for providing effective healthcare. This study aims to offer a comprehensive view of the health challenges faced by these parents by synthesizing existing literature from various perspectives.MethodThis scoping review conducted using the JBI scoping review method. Searches were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases spanning from 2014 to 2024. The initial search yielded 388 articles, with 24 articles undergoing qualitative assessment and data analysis via narrative synthesis.ResultsFrom the 24 selected articles, three health challenges were identified: physical, emotional, and social health challenges.ConclusionParents of children with disabilities face intricate health challenges, including physical challenges like fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep issues. Additionally, they experience significant emotional strain, with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Social isolation and stigma further compound these challenges. A collaborative approach involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and support organizations can empower parents to thrive in their caregiving roles.

Диагностика системы взаимодействия железнодорожного пути и подвижного состава по параметрам комфорта езды и эквивалентной конусности

Purpose: to identify the influence of the geometric parameters of wheel sets and rail track on the smoothness of the ride and the level of passenger comfort for an automated diagnostic system. Methods: statistical methods were used to conduct the research. Sampling and analysis of statistical observation data made it possible to identify existing approaches to assessing the levels of interaction of the wheel-rail system at different speeds. The track sections grouped into rows along pickets were assessed in terms of passenger ride comfort and equivalent conicity. Materials used in the public domain and official websites, as well as research by the authors. Results: a list of factors influencing the conditions of interaction between highspeed rolling stock and the railway track has been identified. Data were obtained for indicators of ride comfort and equivalent conicity for the St. Petersburg — Moscow line along pickets at actual realizable speeds. Practical importance: the possibility of using remote measurement diagnostics to determine the geometric parameters of wheelsets and rails and the geometric parameters of the rail track has been determined. Suggestions for improving the qualitative assessment of the interaction of the wheel-rail system are recommended.

Electronic senses and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with chemometrics analyses of Cynanchum species (Baishouwu).

Baishouwu, derived from Cynanchum auriculatum (CA) Royle ex Wight, Cynanchum bungei (CB) Decne., and Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) (Maxim.) Hemsl., is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine. CA is also recognized as a new food resource by China's National Health Commission. Given the considerable variations in flavor and chemical composition among these species and lack of their qualitative assessments, accurately differentiating between the species constituting Baishouwu is essential. To develop a method combining electronic tongue (E-tongue), electronic nose (E-nose), and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) to differentiate between Baishouwu samples. Fifteen batches of Baishouwu samples were analyzed using E-tongue, E-nose, and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Flavor differences and key differential metabolites were determined through principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. E-tongue results revealed umami, sweetness, and richness as the predominant flavors of Baishouwu, with CA having the highest umami response, CW exhibiting the highest bitterness, and CB the highest sweetness. E-nose sensors showed consistent responses across species, with variations in signal strength; W1W and W2W sensors showed the highest response values. A total of 158 and 41 characteristic variables in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively, were selected as candidate differential metabolites, of which 29 and 14 were confirmed through database comparison. Eight critical differential metabolites, including C21 steroids and acetophenone compounds, were identified. This study presents a strategy for differentiating among the species constituting Baishouwu, providing a basis for broader application and establishing quality standards for these medicinal compounds.

Development of a Simulation Educational Programme Within the Department of Stroke Medicine

Abstract Background Simulation has been commonly utilised in medical education as both a learning and assessment tool. Its utilisation in stroke medicine helps to facilitate learning in acute pathways, interprofessional communication, communication with family and patient and the application of evidence-based care. Methods The programme was initially developed as part of a pilot with University College Cork. The “FAST Call” scenario was seen as an opportunity to test the acute pathway. A simulation coordinator led out on the technical facilitation of simulation. Scenarios were developed to enable education in different facets of stroke. Key learning areas identified were: Quarterly feedback from all medical trainees in the department allowed qualitative assessment of the programme. Results Trainee feedback yielded positive results with all NCHDs reporting they found the programme beneficial from a clinical skills perspective. It improved confidence in dealing with acute stroke calls and provided a psychologically safe learning environment. The feedback also identified potential barriers and delays in the stroke pathway and allowed the utilisation of simulation as an educational opportunity. Conclusion The simulation programme has provided trainees within a stroke department with a psychologically safe learning environment. This has allowed the department to identify areas of physical or technical constraint when delivering care to stroke patients. The department has also gained the opportunity to discuss evidence-based medicine in a non-didactic format, along with providing NCHDs with the opportunity to manage scenarios in a safe manner. Simulation programmes and inclusion of this style of training as a core-component of training can be spread to other components of the geriatric medicine curriculum.

The Issues of Psychological Health Tests in Chinese High Schools

At present, adolescents are facing many challenges in mental health, and there are many problems with psychological test questions, so this paper aims to strengthen mental health education and interventions. There are many problems in the current psychological test questions, including insufficient professionalism, insufficient consideration of cultural differences, insufficient privacy protection, insufficient validity and reliability, excessive reliance on self-report, oversimplification of the interpretation of results, lack of timely updating and revision, suggestiveness of the questions, insufficient verification of reliability and validity, and failure to fully cover important aspects of mental health. These issues may affect the accuracy and reliability of test results and need to be continuously improved and resolved through scientific research and professional practice. When addressing mental health issues, schools should work with professionals to ensure that psychological tests are scientific and culturally appropriate, while updating test questions regularly. In addition, it combines quantitative and qualitative assessments, provides professional training, uses information technology to improve testing convenience, and establishes a feedback mechanism to optimize test questions. Resources and support are also needed after the exam to ensure that tests are designed without bias to help students address mental health challenges. Through these measures, the effectiveness of psychological testing can be improved, and the mental health and well-being of students can be promoted.

Zoom Improv is accessible and enhances medical student empathy

BackgroundEmpathy declines during medical training, despite its importance.MethodologyIn this randomized controlled trial, we assessed the impact of Zoom improv on medical student empathy using a concurrent mixed-methods approach. Quantitative assessment with three survey tools and qualitative assessment by content analysis of Zoom session field notes were conducted.ResultsZoom improv participants had higher empathy scores in perspective-taking and fantasy and lower scores in personal distress compared with the control group. Medical students who participated in Zoom improv exercised emotional expression, active listening, and giving “gifts,” which apply to healthcare settings in which affirming team members with empathic concern can advance communication, patient rapport, and teamwork.DiscussionThis pilot study highlights promising findings for the incorporation of Zoom improv in medical education, including enhanced empathy, self-reflection, and understanding how these skills impact work in healthcare. Future studies may expand on the optimal timing to teach improv. Future studies conducted on virtual platforms may also further investigate our finding that the fantasy domain of empathy increases after Zoom improv sessions, whereas this increase in fantasy was absent from previous in-person studies. Given the increase in telehealth and virtual medical visits, exercising empathy skills through a screen during training may be an important addition to medical curricula.

A Robust Human–Machine Framework for Project Portfolio Selection

Based on the project portfolio selection and scheduling problem (PPSS), the development of a systematic and scientific project scheduling plan necessitates comprehensive consideration of individual preferences and multiple realistic constraints, rendering it an NP-hard problem. Simultaneously, accurately and swiftly evaluating the value of projects as a complex entity poses a challenging issue that requires urgent attention. This paper introduces a novel qualitative evaluation-based project value assessment process that significantly reduces the cost and complexity of project value assessment, upon which a preference-based deep reinforcement learning method is presented for computing and solving project subsets and time scheduling plans. This paper first determines the key parameter values of the algorithm through specific examples. Then, using the method of controlling variables, it explores the sensitivity of the algorithm to changes in problem size and dimensionality. Finally, the proposed algorithm is compared with two classical algorithms and two heuristic algorithms across different instances. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits higher effectiveness and accuracy.

Lived Experiences of Parents in Teaching Children with Hearing Impairment

The worldwide health crisis has caused numerous alterations and transformations in the field of education. These profound shifts took place not only in the Philippines but also in other global education sectors and institutions. This study delved into parents' experiences teaching their children with hearing impairment amidst the pandemic using a modular printed platform in the Division of Danao City, Danao City, Cebu, in the school year 2020-2021. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, involving the qualitative analysis and assessment of themes derived from semi-structured interviews, observation, and exploring the parents’ lived experiences to gather data on parents’ challenges and problems in teaching children with HI during the pandemic. The findings revealed several circumstantial actions. These experiences were perceived and formed (collaboration and interactions, direct instruction and tutorship, and communication), highlighting the need for a joint approach between parents and educators. Evidence of personal struggles (involvement to instructions, skills in motivating and adapting), academic deficits and incapacity (education, skills, and training), and financial struggles (finances for gadgets, technology, internet connectivity, and family) were also evident. Hence, the new learning modality and the use of modules have contributed to parents’ hardships in teaching all the subjects. Parental education, incapacity to decode the content, teaching, and busy schedules were also evident factors of challenges or problems parents encountered with their students during the pandemic. This study has proposed recommendations to help the participants and educators improve their ways of providing instructions or interventions.

Short and sweet: Comparing strategies for the reduction of questionnaires on self-criticism and social safeness while preserving construct validity.

Measuring psychological traits with standardised questionnaires is an essential component of clinical practice and research; however, patients and participants risk fatigue from overly long and repetitive measures. When developing the short form of a questionnaire, the most widely used method for selecting an item subset uses factor analysis loadings to identify the items most closely related to the psychological construct being measured. However, this approach will tend to select highly correlated, homogeneous items and might therefore restrict the breadth of the construct examined. In this study, we will present Yarkoni's genetic algorithm for scale reduction and compare it with the classical scale reduction method. The algorithm will be applied to the shortening of three instruments for measuring self-compassion and social safeness (two unidimensional measures and a three-factor measure). We evaluated the shortened scales using correlation with long-form scores, internal reliability and the change in the correlations observed with other related constructs. Findings suggested that the classical method preserves internal reliability, but Yarkoni's genetic algorithm better maintained correlations with other constructs. An additional qualitative assessment of item content showed that the latter method led to a more heterogeneous selection of items, better preserving the full complexity of the constructs being measured.

GC-MS and ICP-OES Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Selected Wheat Varieties in India

Triticum aestivum L. serves as a major global commodity with annual trade volumes reaching around 150 million tons. Wheat varieties including Sharbati, Black Wheat, Chawal Keti, and Sonamoti are extensively cultivated across many regions in India. Besides its nutritional value, wheat has medicinal importance especially for diabetic, cancer, and cardiac patients. These medicinal values are because of the presence of phytochemicals, which are natural compounds that offer health benefits, including antioxidant properties. This study focuses on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of phytochemicals from selected wheat varieties using standard protocols and analyzed with their ICP-OES and GC-MS reports.

Plant Translocations in France: Identifying Gaps between Knowledge, Practice and Perception by Conservation Actors.

In the current context of global changes, threatened flora is declining and homogenising at the expense of rare and protected species. Among conservation biology and ecological restoration techniques, plant translocation is one of the recommendations increasingly used. However, translocation remains risky and is recommended as a last resort to conserve protected flora in land use planning. Furthermore, it raises ethical questions partly linked to genetic processes. In this context, we studied how plant translocations are perceived by conservation actors in France, including their genetic aspects. The analysis of translocation perception complements that of feedback on concrete translocation operations and allows us to provide a qualitative assessment of current practices. We have adopted an interdisciplinary approach to survey different types of actors in nature conservation, involved or not in at least one stage of translocation operations (preparation, implementation and monitoring). Three main types of translocation perception divide our sample quite strongly (50% favourable/ 45% unfavourable/ 5% undecided). Surprisingly, their professional activity or the level of involvement in such an operation have no influence on their opinion on translocation, nor on the proposals of alternative measures. Only 15% of the actors involved in translocations used genetic data at least once. To conclude, it would be necessary to promote the sharing of feedback from past experiences. This would allow an up-to-date list of species unacceptable for translocation. Comparing the results of different protocols and implementation conditions for the same species or group should improve overall translocation success rates.

MA-VoxelMorph: Multi-scale attention-based VoxelMorph for nonrigid registration of thoracoabdominal CT images

This paper aims to develop a nonrigid registration method of preoperative and intraoperative thoracoabdominal CT images in computer-assisted interventional surgeries for accurate tumor localization and tissue visualization enhancement. However, fine structure registration of complex thoracoabdominal organs and large deformation registration caused by respiratory motion is challenging. To deal with this problem, we propose a 3D multi-scale attention VoxelMorph (MA-VoxelMorph) registration network. To alleviate the large deformation problem, a multi-scale axial attention mechanism is utilized by using a residual dilated pyramid pooling for multi-scale feature extraction, and position-aware axial attention for long-distance dependencies between pixels capture. To further improve the large deformation and fine structure registration results, a multi-scale context channel attention mechanism is employed utilizing content information via adjacent encoding layers. Our method was evaluated on four public lung datasets (DIR-Lab dataset, Creatis dataset, Learn2Reg dataset, OASIS dataset) and a local dataset. Results proved that the proposed method achieved better registration performance than current state-of-the-art methods, especially in handling the registration of large deformations and fine structures. It also proved to be fast in 3D image registration, using about 1.5 s, and faster than most methods. Qualitative and quantitative assessments proved that the proposed MA-VoxelMorph has the potential to realize precise and fast tumor localization in clinical interventional surgeries.

Policy implementation and strategic effects: Assessing the impact of parliamentary thresholds on Indonesia’s political system and governance

This study examines the impact of parliamentary thresholds on the Indonesian political system through the lens of the Routine Policy Implementation Model and the Strategic Policy Implementation Model. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of parliamentary thresholds in managing political fragmentation, assess their impact on stability and representation in the legislative system, and understand their implementation’s technical and strategic implications. Using a qualitative approach supported by interview studies and field observations, this research combines analysis of election data in the 2009, 2014, and 2019 elections with a qualitative assessment of policy changes and political dynamics. The Routine Policy Implementation Model focuses on the technical aspects of threshold implementation, including vote counting procedures and seat allocation efficiency. Meanwhile, the Strategic Policy Implementation Model examines the broader implications of these thresholds for political consolidation, government effectiveness, and the representation of minor parties. The results show that the parliamentary threshold has significantly reduced political fragmentation by consolidating the number of parties in Parliament, resulting in a legislative system that is cleaner and easier to administer. However, this consolidation has also marginalized small parties and limited political diversity. The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of how parliamentary thresholds affect administrative efficiency and strategic political stability in Indonesia, compared to democratic countries in transition, such as Slovenia and Montenegro. In conclusion, although parliamentary thresholds have increased political stability and government effectiveness, they have also raised concerns about the reduced representation of small and regional parties. The study recommends maintaining balanced thresholds that ensure stability and diversity, implementing mechanisms to review thresholds periodically, and involving diverse stakeholders in adjusting policies to reflect evolving political dynamics. This approach will help balance the need for a stable legislative environment with broad representation.

"Numbers call for action, personalized narratives provide support and recognition": a qualitative assessment of cancer patients' perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) feedback with narratives.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires completed by patients to gain insight in their health-related quality of life. However, patients often find the interpretation of PROMS challenging. A personalized narrative, i.e., a story with patients' experiences tailored to the reader, could help explain PROMs and might be appreciated alongside numerical outcomes. We studied how cancer patients perceive PROMs feedback presented in a regular numerical and a novel narrative format. Cancer patients who completed PROMs in routine clinical practice were recruited. All participants received numerical feedback and a personalized narrative. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to uncover perceptions of both formats. Interviews were analyzed with an inductive reflexive approach to thematic analysis. Twenty-nine patients with breast cancer, melanoma, and bladder cancer participated. Thematic analysis identified six themes: "Understanding: I get the gist of it!"; "Usefulness: Tell me why I should complete PROMs"; "Format preferences: Numbers are cold, narratives are warm"; "Taking action: Can I do something about my score?"; "Personal relevance: Personalized narratives show me what life has in store for me"; and "Personal relevance: That's (not) me!" Numbers seemed to help participants act, whereas narratives may provide emotional support and recognition. Participants identified with the content of the narrative yet differed in how they related to the main character. Personalized narratives could be a useful addition to PROMs feedback. The studied formats seem to serve different purposes; numbers help to facilitate action, personalized narratives provide recognition. Personalized narratives may be a useful new way to communicate about quality of life to cancer survivors and help them to envision what the impact of cancer can be.