Qualifiers Research Articles

Content management by keywords: An analytical Study

Various methods of content analysis are described here with special emphasis on keyword analysis. This study is based on an analytical study of 97 keywords extracted from titles and abstracts of 70 research articles, taking ten from each year starting from 2000 to 2006, in decreasing order of relevance, on the subject Fermi Liquid, which is a specific subject under the broad area of Condensed Matter Physics. The keywords beginning with the letters 'A' to 'F' only are considered for this study. The research articles have been collected from the bibliographic database of INSPEC. The keywords are indexed to critically examine its physical structure that is composed of three fundamental kernels, viz. keyphrase, modulator and qualifier. The keyphrase reflects the central concept, which is usually post-coordinated by the modulator to amend the central concept in accordance with the relevant context. The qualifier comes after the modulator to describe the particular state of the central concept and/or amended concept. The keywords are further classified in 36 classes on the basis of the 10 parameters, of which 4 parameters are intrinsic, i.e. Associativeness, chronological appearance, frequency of occurrence and category; and remaining 6 parameters are extrinsic, i.e. Clarity of meaning, type of meaning, scope of meaning, level of perception, mode of creation and area of occurrence. The number of classes under 4 intrinsic parameters is 16, while the same under 6 extrinsic parameters are 20. A new taxonomy of keywords has been proposed here that will enable to analyze research-trend of a subject and to identify potential research-areas under the scope of the same.

Investigation and analysis of the register condition of ultraviolet disinfection

Objective To investigate the register condition of ultraviolet disinfection in clinical departments,inquire into the reasons,raise understanding and strengthen management in order to ensure that the ultraviolet ray disinfection be registered accurately in time. Methods 61 ultraviolet ray lights from 21 clinical sections were chosen,their register condition before and after modification of the register regulations was investigated,the results underwent statistical analysis. Results Significant difference existed in rate of no-register for one day and for two days,but no difference was seen in rate of no-register for three days and above between after-modification and pre-modification of the register regulations. Conclusions The medical personnel need improvement in related knowledge,disinfection register supervision need to be strengthened,the current register mode needs to be improved,there is necessity to build up a perfect management system for disinfection register. Key words: Ultraviolet disinfection; Register condition; Investigation and analysis

Synthesis and properties of epoxy-anhydride polymers modified with polyfluorolakyl-substituted oxiranes in the course of curing

Epoxy-anhydride polymers based on N,N,O-triglycidyl-p-aminophenol and isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride were synthesized in the presence of new active modifi ers, polyfl uoroalkyl glycidyl ethers. The kinetics of the reactions of the modifi ers with the anhydride were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and IR spectroscopy. The physicomechanical characteristics, glass transition points, and water absorption of the polymers were determined.

Effect of Temperature, Wavelength, pH, Ion Pair Reagents and Organic Modifi ers’ Concentration on the Elution of Cystatin C. Stability of Mobile Phase

Robustness of an analytical chromatographic method for separation of cystatin c has been veri fi ed. Changes in many parameters were carried out, such as, wavelength, column oven, mobile phase composition, chromatographic column. Imperative changes have altered the ef fi ciency of the chromatographic separation; such changes include pH alteration of the mobile phase as well as alkyl sulfonate molarity changing. All robustness conditions showed no major effect on the chromatographic separation of the analyte except with the changes related to TFA and alkyl sulfonate ion pair reagents. Peak area RSD, asymmetry and No. of theoretical plates were < 0.7%, < 1.2 and > 10,000, respectively. Results obtained using mobile phase after 6 months of storage have proven its stability and possibility of use. Gradient elution mode was utilized to elute cystatin c with a UV detection of 224 nm. Ace and Waters C8 (150 x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ m) as chromatographic columns were used.

Feed additives for swine: Fact sheets – high dietary levels of copper and zinc for young pigs, and phytase (2010)

This is the fourth in a series of peer-reviewed Practice tip articles, each including two or three fact sheets. Previous practice tips included fact sheets on acidifi ers and antibiotics in the September-October issue (J Swine Health Prod. 2009;17:270–275); on carcass modifi ers, carbohydrate-degrading enzymes, and proteases, and anthelmintics in the November-December issue (J Swine Health Prod. 2009;17:325–332); and on fl avors and mold inhibitors, mycotoxin binders, and antioxidants in the January-February issue (J Swine Health Prod. 2010;18:27–32) Future fact-sheet topics will include probiotics and prebiotics and phytogenic feed additives (phytobiotics or botanicals).

A Life in Letters: Argula von Grumbach (1492–1556/7)

Women's letters the early modern period offer insight into the contours of daily life, the networks which provided food and goods and services, and the geography of human relationships, but we are learn ing to tread carefully when interpreting them. As Jane Couchman and Ann Crabb point out, We no longer read women's letters as simple, sincere expressions of emotions and experiences.1 The style, the language, the forms of address and farewell, the relationship to the recipient are all modi fiers. Phrases such as heartily beloved mother may be conventional, but need we assume that they are insincere? Today's reader will miss nuances, and be liable to pick up quite unintended messages. Letters are as varied as costumes or songs or the conversations they contrive to replace. Technically, letters this period posed difficulties to do with tem peramental quills and scarce paper and messy ink, not to mention the need for a trustworthy letter carrier. Writing a letter could be a major undertak ing. Men, certainly those of the nobility, put it off whenever they could. Tradespeople were seldom confident of their writing skills. Letters tended to be hurried affairs, as the rubric in haste just before the final signature indicates. They might have to be whipped off at the most inopportune moments, because a carter, who could deliver the letter, had unexpectedly turned up, or because a letter carrier was impatiently, and expensively, waiting. Yet substantial investments of time, effort, and emotion went into the writing of letters. Children of the nobility, for example, were often edu cated far from home, and could be desperate for news and encouragement,

A quantitative study on evaluating-value of five-rating qualifiers for symptom level

Objective To discuss the distributing-role of evaluating-value and evaluating-diversity of fiverating qualifiers for symptom level. Methods 165 college students was requested to designate values for five-rating qualifiers. Compare designating values for intervals and points. Analysis the distributing-character of evaluating-diversity. Make the compare inner each group. Results Fuzziness-grades were significant different in each word of five-rating qualifiers for symptom level. The sequences of qualifiers were in accordance with those of natural language. But interval designating value between qualifiers was incompletely isometry. There was no significant differences between values designated for intervals and 95% , 99% Confidence Interval（ CI ）. Evaluating-diversities between groups assume positive skewness distribution （Coefficient of skewness = 2. 136, Coefficient of kurtosis = 7. 258 ）. Evaluating-diversities between words in each group have significant difference （ F = 15.51, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Interval designating value between five-rating qualifiers for symptom level was incompletely isometry. Evaluating-diversities of qualifiers assume positive skewness distribution and evaluating-diversities between words in each group have significant difference. Key words: Evaluating-value ; Qualifiers; Five-rating

Orações relativas em línguas Karíb

Este trabalho examina os diversos tipos de orações relativas descritas para línguas da família Karíb. O tipo mais importante é o que emprega formas verbais nominalizadas. Em muitas línguas, este é o único tipo existente. Exemplos de várias línguas são apresentados e discutidos. Em algumas delas, há orações relativas finitas, marcadas, em geral, por partículas relativizadoras. Exemplos dos vários subcasos são descritos e discutidos. Conclui-se que o primeiro tipo é mais antigo, já que é mais homogêneo na família e, também, caracterizado pela aposição das formas nominalizadas aos seus antecedentes. A aposição é um fenômeno mais geral do qual há muitos exemplos que envolvem formas nominalizadas não-verbais ou até substantivos monomorfêmicos. Como, além disso, não há uma classe de palavras (adjetivos) especializada em modificar substantivos, sugere-se que, nas línguas Karíb mais conservadoras, não existe modificação gramatical: tudo se faz através da aposição de substantivos (ou sintagmas nominais), iconicamente entendidos como co-referentes.

Sickle cell disease: A multigenic perspective of a single gene disorder

Although signifi cant progress has been made in our understanding of sickle cell disease (SCD) and in the development of new therapies, many questions are still unanswered, and a cure remains elusive. This is particularly evident in the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. Studies have shown the importance of high hemoglobin F determinants and � -thalassemia as modifi ers of disease severity, but these alone do not explain the diversity that is seen. This paper focuses on recent advances on the effect of nonglobin genetic modifi ers on the SCD phenotype. The roles of polymorphic variants of (1) methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis, (2) factor V R485K and risk of venous thrombosis, and (3) UDP glucuronosyltransferase-1 polymorphism on serum bilirubin levels in SCD are discussed. Mention is made of genetic polymorphisms that might predispose to stroke. The application of gene expression profi ling to the study of SCD is very promising and some preliminary data are provided.

THE USE OF CHEMICAL-ELEMENT ADJECTIVAL MODIFIERS IN MINERAL NOMENCLATURE

Chemical-element adjectival modifi ers are not part of the name of a mineral species. Schaller-type adjectival modifi ers, which have the endings -oan or -ian, formerly recommended by the CNMMN of the IMA, in many cases give erroneous information about the valence of an ion, and are therefore inappropriate. Instead of such modifi ers, the CNMMN has now approved a proposal that chemical-element adjectival modifi ers employing the chemical-element symbol or the name of the chemical element together with a descriptive term should be used. The valence (nominal numerical charge plus sign) or the numerical oxidation state may be added, if required. Authors should therefore feel free to use chemical-element adjectival modifi ers that are chemically correct and that meet their particular requirements. For example, chemical-element adjectival modifi ers such as “Mg-rich”, “Mg–Fe-rich”, “Fe 2+ -poor”, “iron(2+)-enriched”, “iron(II)-bearing”, “alkali-defi cient”, “sodium-exchanged”, “Cr-doped”, or “H2O-saturated” may be used. Synthetic or hypothetical analogues of mineral species or natural analogues of mineral species unapproved by the CNMMN could be written with a chemical-element(s) suffi x. The synthetic product “topaz-OH” is the OH-dominant analogue of topaz, Al2SiO4F2. The use of quotation marks around “topaz-OH” is essential to show that the name is not approved by the CNMMN and to avoid confusion with names of real mineral species, such as chabazite-Ba. A chemical-element symbol should not be used as a prefi x to a name of a mineral species. However, if used in a diagram, table, or running heading owing to space limitations, then a correct version must be used in the text together with the short version in quotation marks to show that the name is not approved by the CNMMN. For example, “Al-goethite” used in a table owing to space limitations should be shown as Al-rich goethite in the text.

An analysis of evaluating-diversity for seven-rating qualifiers

目的 探讨七级语义量词赋值差值的分布规律.方法 165名士兵对同意程度和症状水平两组七级语义量词进行赋值,分析赋值差值的分布特征、组内各词赋值差值及高中组和初中组赋值差值之间的差异程度.结果两组词的赋值差值均呈正偏态分布,两组词赋值差值相比,二者差异不显著(Z= -0.87,P >0.05);组内各词赋值差值有显著性差异(症状水平F=15.49,同意程度F=28.15,P ＜0.01),第一个词和第七个词与其他词赋值差值的差异性最大;被试赋值差值高中组和初中组相比,差异不显著(Z=-1.82,P >0.05).结论语义量词赋值差值大小呈正偏态分布,两组词的赋值之间有一定的一致性;词与词之间赋值区间宽度差异较大;学历对赋值区间宽度的影响有待于进一步研究。

The Given-New Contract in Speech to Infants

This study examined the interaction of two sets of speaker practices which are useful to listeners-the acoustic reduction of given as opposed to new words in speech and the acoustic and grammatical modifications typical of speech to infants. English-speaking mothers described a puppet show to their 14- month-old infants and to an adult. This task elicited the repeated use of a common set of target words in spontaneous utterances. First- and second-mentioned target words differed in similar ways in infant- and adult-directed speech: Repeated words were shorter, quieter, lower-pitched, and less variable in pitch than first-mentioned words. Repeated words were also placed in less prominent positions relative to other words in the same utterance: That is, they were less likely than new words to be utterance-final, to receive sentence stress, and to occur on an utterance pitch peak. Thus, the attenuation of given information in speech appears insensitive to large differences in the speaker′s view of the listener′s sophistication. We suggest that some of the benefits of the distinction between given and new words might be available to the infant listener: The acoustic difference between given and new words might serve to automatically attract infants′ attention to new words at the expense of background information.

Psychosocial disability during maintenance hemodialysis

Overall psychosocial functioning was assessed in 21 maintenance hemodialysis patients. The Ruesch Social Disability Scale, which provides an overall Social Disability (DS) score as well as subscores for Physical Impairment (PI), Behavioral Impairment (BI), and Social Modifiers (MS), was utilized. A majority of the patients (13) experienced Major Social Disability and the mean DS score of this sample was in the Major Social Disability range ( x = 52.1 ± 10.9). There were no differences between the mean DS score of men and women. Married patients had DS scores significantly lower than those who were divorced or never married ( P < .05). Patients with more than five years of maintenance hemodialysis had a mean DS score significantly higher than those with less then five years of maintenance hemodialysis ( P < .03). In those patients with more than five years of hemodialysis, the MS scale was significantly elevated ( P < .01) in comparison with their counterparts, whereas the BI and PI scores were not different. The data suggest that serious psychosocial impairment is a common sequela of maintenance hemodialysis, especially for long-term patients and those who are not married. Therapeutic approaches directed toward improved social functioning are indicated.

Speech Registers in Young Children

Speech Registers in Young Children