Qualified Staff Research Articles

Implementing care-related services in care units - an interview study

BackgroundThe growing concern about a dwindling healthcare workforce, exacerbated by demographic changes, calls for innovative solutions. One viable approach involves implementing new professional roles and restructuring existing healthcare teams within hospital care units.ObjectivesTo evaluate the implementation of an innovative task-shifting concept, care-related services (CRS), from the managers’ perspective in somatic care units across the hospitals in a region in Sweden.MethodsThe qualitative study was conducted in 2022, after the implementation of CRS. Individual interviews were conducted with 24 key stakeholders, including 14 care unit managers, six CRS managers, and four process managers. A qualitative content analysis was performed, utilizing the Consolidated Framework of Implementation Research (CFIR).ResultsThe implementation of CRS involved collaboration between care unit managers, CRS managers, and project managers, alongside CRS staff, registered nurses (RNs), and licensed vocational nurses (LVNs). In particular, their roles encompassed defining boundaries, establishing routines, and managing personnel. Throughout the implementation process, challenges emerged, stemming from undefined goals, difficulties in recruiting qualified CRS staff, and issues associated with seamlessly integrating CRS into existing work routines. These challenges arose due to a constrained timeframe, widespread team apprehension, shortcomings in the training of CRS staff, unclear task allocation, and an increased workload for care unit managers. Factors associated with successful CRS implementation included effective cooperation among managers and an open-minded approach.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the crucial role of clear communication, effective recruitment, integration of CRS staff, clarification of roles, responsibilities, and defined goals for successful CRS implementation.

Trends, causes and factors associated with primary Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) in Ireland: A review of one million hospital childbirths

ObjectiveTo analyse temporal trends for primary Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH), Major Obstetric Haemorrhage (MOH) between 2005 and 2021 and to examine the causes and factors contributing to the risk of PPH during 2017–2021. MethodsInternational ICD-10-AM diagnostic codes from hospital discharge records were used to identify cases of PPH. Temporal trends in PPH and MOH incidence were illustrated graphically. Poisson regression was used to assess the time trends and to examine factors associated with the risk of PPH during 2017–2021. ResultsA total of 1,003,799 childbirth hospitalisations were recorded; 5.6% included a diagnosis of primary PPH. Risk increased almost fourfold from 2.5% in 2005 to 9.6% in 2021. The ICD-10 AM code for other immediate primary PPH was recorded for 85% of PPH cases in 2017–2021 whereas a diagnosis of uterine inertia/atony was associated with just 3.6% of the cases. Respectively, trauma-related, tissue-related and thrombin-related causes were associated with one third, 4.2% and 0.5% of cases. A wide range of factors relating to the woman including comorbidities, mode of delivery, labour-related interventions and associated traumas increased risk of PPH but placental complications, especially morbidly adherent placenta, were strong risk factors. ConclusionsImprovement in detection and anticipation of placental complications may be effective in addressing the increasing trend of PPH, however, the trends of increasing C-sections and other interventions may also need to be addressed while staff education and quality improvement projects will have a role to play.

Failure factors of building construction projects in Ethiopia

Construction projects encounter considerable failure, and the case is worse in developing countries. Improving this situation needs an understanding of the failure factors; hence, this study is aimed at identifying critical failure factors of building construction projects in the Ethiopian construction industry. Sixty-four project failure attributes were identified through a literature review and categorized under eight groups of sources. Using a questionnaire survey, one hundred seven valid responses were collected from professionals affiliated with contractors, consultants, clients and regulatory bodies. For the analysis, factor analysis was conducted to identify the underlying dimensions of each group, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify critical failure factors. The findings indicate that: (i) unfavourable socio-economic and climatic conditions; (ii) owners’ incompetence, change orders and bureaucracy in public clients; (iii) political interferences and inflation; (iv) contractors’ incompetence; (v) progress payment, defective works, and staff quality challenges; and (vi) poor productivity, shortage of labour and escalation of material costs are the critical project failure factors in the context of the Ethiopian construction industry. These critical failure factors emanate from four group of sources: client, contractor, project input, and project external environment. The stakeholders need to devise appropriate strategies to mitigate these critical failure factors to ensure project success.

Evaluation of an electricity-independent method for IS2404 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnosis of Buruli ulcer in resource-limited settings.

Buruli ulcer (BU) caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU) is a devastating necrotic skin disease. PCR, recommended for confirmation of BU by WHO, requires an adequately equipped laboratory, therefore often delaying timely diagnosis and treatment of BU patients in remote settings. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a PCR-based protocol for isothermal amplification of DNA that has been suggested for diagnosis of BU in low-resource settings. This is an exploratory diagnostic test evaluation study, with an embedded qualitative sub-study. Its aims are two-fold: First, to evaluate a simple rapid syringe-based DNA extraction method (SM) in comparison with a more elaborate conventional DNA extraction method (CM), followed by a LAMP assay targeting IS2404 for the detection of MU, either using a commercially available pocket warmer (pw) or a heat block (hb) for incubation. Second, to complement this by exploring the diagnostic workflow for BU at a community-based health centre in an endemic area in rural Ghana as an example of a potential target setting, using interviews with researchers and health care workers (HCWs). Diagnostic test evaluation results are discussed in relation to the requirements of a target product profile (TPP) for BU diagnosis and the target setting. A protocol using SM for DNA extraction followed by IS2404 PCR (IS2404 PCRSM) was able to identify MU DNA in 73 out of 83 BU clinical specimens submitted for diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of IS2404 PCRSM were 90.12%, 100%, 100% and 65.21% respectively, as compared to the reference standard IS2404 PCR in combination with a standard extraction protocol for mycobacterial DNA. Evaluation of the LAMP assay on 64 SM DNA extracts showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 83.6%, 100%, 100% and 50%, respectively, using either pocket warmer (pwLAMPSM) or heat block (hbLAMPSM) for incubation of the reaction, as compared to the same reference standard. The limit of detection of pwLAMPSM was found to be 30 copies of the IS2404 target. Interview findings explored barriers to BU diagnosis and treatment, including perceptions of the disease, costs, and availability of transport. Participants confirmed that a diagnosis at the PoC, in addition to screening based on clinical criteria, would be advantageous in order to prevent delays and loss to follow-up. The high diagnostic and analytic accuracy of the pwLAMP, evaluated by us in combination with a syringe-based DNA extraction method, supports its potential use for the rapid detection of MU in suspected BU samples at the community or primary health care level without reliable electricity supply. Further optimization needs include a lysis buffer, evaluation directly at the PoC and/or other sites, assessing staff training requirements and quality control.

Exploration of student nurse experiences of being mentored by practice supervisors/assessors in placement settings.

The Nursing and Midwifery Council changed its standards in 2018 regarding student learning and assessment on placements. Previously, students were allocated a mentor with whom they spent at least 40% of their time and who also assessed them; the new standards brought in the separate roles of practice supervisor and a practice assessor and abolished the 40% minimum, with the student being supported by a wider range of practitioners. While extensive literature examines the experiences of qualified staff supporting students, there is little evidence on the student experience. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with student nurses from two universities in the south of England was used to explore their experiences. The students reported benefits of being supported by the wider healthcare team, said being taught and assessed by different people was beneficial and that they felt better prepared for assessments.

Optimalisasi Manajemen Peserta Didik dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Sekolah Berbasis Pesantren

This research discusses student management to improve the quality of students at SMA Darul The Islamic Boarding School Mojokerto. The purpose of this study is to find out: 1) How the implementation of student management at SMA Darul Qur'an The Islamic Boarding School Mojokerto can contribute to improving the quality of students; and 2) What factors affect the success of the implementation of student management in improving the quality of students in schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that: 1) The application of student management is very important to improve the quality of students because good management, schools can more easily achieve this quality improvement. 2) Factors that affect the success of the implementation of student management include a holistic and inclusive school approach supported by Islamic values, strong and visionary leadership, continuous support from leaders in the implementation of student management, active participation of students in decision-making, quality, and development of teacher staff, and close partnerships with parents.

Who is suited to work in remote First Nations health? Perspectives of staff in remote Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services in northern Australia.

There is a shortage of nurses, Aboriginal Health Practitioners, GPs and other staff in remote Australian health clinics. There is also high turnover of staff, leading to questions of 'who' is appropriate for remote First Nations practice? The aim of this paper was to identify the characteristics of staff who are likely to work well in remote First Nations settings, from the perspectives of remote health practitioners. This is a qualitative study involving content analysis of interviews. The study is conducted in and with 11 Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services across northern and central Australia. Eighty-four staff working in these clinics who spoke about staff qualities suited to remote practice. Participants identified a range of qualities desirable in remote practitioners, which were grouped into three topics: (1) professional qualifications and experience, including cultural skills; (2) ways of working, including holisitic approach, resilience, competence, and being a team player, approachable, flexible and hard-working; and (3) specific community needs, namely the need for local First Nations staff, male practitioners and returning short-term staff. The combination of experiences, ways of working, and fit to both the team and community were emphasised. Identifying the characteristics of staff who are likely to work well in these settings can inform recruitment strategies. This study found that a combination of professional qualifications, skills and experience as well as ways of working, individual characteristics and needs of communities are desirable for working in remote, First Nations settings.

Pre-implementation planning for a new personalised, dementia post-diagnostic support intervention: exploring the perspective of professional stakeholders.

Only a third of people with dementia receive a diagnosis and post-diagnostic support. An eight session, manualised, modular post-diagnostic support system (New Interventions for Independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS) - family), delivered remotely by non-clinical facilitators is the first scalable intervention to improve personalised goal attainment for people with dementia. It could significantly improve care quality. We aimed to explore system readiness for NIDUS-family, a scalable, personalised post-diagnostic support intervention. We conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from dementia care services; the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided interviews and their thematic analysis. From 2022 to 2023, we interviewed a purposive sample of 21 professionals from seven English National Health Service, health and social care services. We identified three themes: (1) potential value of a personalised intervention - interviewees perceived the capacity for choice and supporting person-centred care as relative advantages over existing resources; (2) compatibility and deliverability with existing systems - the NIDUS-family intervention model was perceived as compatible with service goals and clients' needs, but current service infrastructures, financing and commissioning briefs constraining resources to those at greatest need were seen as barriers to providing universal, post-diagnostic care; (3) fit with current workforce skills - the intervention model aligned well with staff development plans; delivery by non-clinically qualified staff was considered an advantage over current care options. Translating evidence for scalable and effective post-diagnostic care into practice will support national policies to widen access to support and upskill support workers, but requires a greater focus on prevention in commissioning briefs and resource planning.

მეწარმეობის განვითარების თანამედროვე მიდგომები და პერსპექტიული გამოწვევები

Entrepreneurship is one of the essential and priority directions in today's world, especially in market economy conditions. The agricultural industry is the most essential element in the development of the economy; it also has a special mission and role of providing food for society. The agricultural sector, especially small and medium enterprises, has a special role and importance in the country's economy. It creates new opportunities, resources, and wealth, increases jobs, improves the economy, develops the capital market, and makes a special contribution to the economic well-being of society and the sustainable development of the economy. Therefore, entrepreneurship development can be considered a stimulating lever of the economy. Modern approaches to entrepreneurship and practical challenges are classified in many directions. However, I would single out technological, automated, and artificial intelligence, which in modern conditions can be compared to a new revolution, which has already had its economic and business effect on the development of the entrepreneurship sector. With its potential, entrepreneurship greatly contributes to the development of the country's inclusive economy, which can be considered the cornerstone of any country's success. The development of the entrepreneurship sector particularly contributes to the volume of production growth, export, creation of international industry culture, innovation, integration with globalization and plays an important role in the growth of the social and economic level of the country. Business entities operating in the conditions of modern development and beginning small- and medium-level entrepreneurs talk about the issues of maintaining a business that has never been as difficult as they are today. Disruptions caused by technology, a saturated market, and companies of multinational origin always trying to swallow any expected sign of new competition, giving new entrepreneurs no opportunity to start and develop. There are many modern challenges of entrepreneurship, but I will highlight the most important ones. These are insufficient capital, attracting financial resources for development, effective time management, market research, ineffective marketing, lack of qualified staff, team, customer loyalty, defensive mechanisms, lack of financial management, and impact of globalization. Today, the agrarian sector is relevant, and many economists, scientists, and publicists investigate the modern practical challenges of this issue. Therefore, we think it will be very interesting to have a theoretical-methodological and synthetic discussion in the face of the modern challenges of entrepreneurship. Statistics from many countries show an alarming rate of SME enterprise failure. For example, about two-thirds of new businesses in the United States do not survive five to ten years. In Australia, 96.8 percent of small businesses either go out of business or grow very little within the first five years of starting. Entrepreneurship development is increasingly becoming a major concern globally. The paper will discuss the essence and importance of entrepreneurship, its forms and types, modern approaches to its development, challenges, and overcoming perspectives. We will also discuss the current state of the Georgian entrepreneurship sector and offer recommendations that can be adapted to the best-developed countries in the world, which will help the entrepreneurship sector define conceptual aspects.

A Local Gender Equality Plan - A Modern Human Resources Development Tool

The implementation of equal opportunities is a challenge for the staff of an anaesthesia department. At the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine at Hannover Medical School, a local Gender Equality plan has been implemented to create a secure and transparent framework for reconciling scientific and clinical careers with family responsibilities. Today, family and career should be equally compatible for men and women. Unfortunately, in medical professions it is often still an either/or decision. At the same time, it is important to offer an attractive workplace in view of the increasing shortage of qualified staff. In order to provide equal opportunities for all employees and to increase satisfaction, it is necessary for employers to address the issues of equality and work-life balance, to identify challenges and to create structures for improvement.

REGULATING THE STATUS OF OFFICIALS OF THE REGIONAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE: A QUEST FOR AN INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE

The article explores how the constituent instruments and secondary rules of the selected three regional intergovernmental organisations in Southeast Europe (Energy Community, Transport Community, Regional School of Public Administration) have incorporated some key legal concepts related to the status of international officials - professional independence of international officials and exclusivity of international service; recruitment standards; and the legal remedies for protecting the rights of international officials. The article, at the first place, defines the notion of international civil service, and elaborates, based on the legal texts of a number of international organisations and theoretical writings, the international practice in regulating the above specified concepts. The article than analyses and assesses how these concepts have been addressed in the relevant legal documents of the selected organisations. Finally, the article concludes that the explored legal texts provide for the guarantees of professional independence of the officials and contain the elaborated rules on recruitment aiming at selecting qualified staff and ensuring the geographical equilibrium within the secretariats. However, certain shortages have been identified and explained in relation to the existence of adequate legal remedies for protecting staff, particularly through the judicial proceedings.

Alarm fatigue and sleep quality in medical staff-a Polish-Czech-Slovak study on workplace ergonomics.

Alarms are crucial in informing Healthcare Workers (HCWs) about critical patient needs, but unmanaged frequency and noise of alarms can de-sensitize medical staff and compromise patient safety. Alarm fatigue is identified as the major cause of the clinical alarm management problem. It occurs when the medical staff is overwhelmed by the number of clinical alarms. The survey was conducted online using Google's form-making tools from June to July 2023. There were three parts to the survey used in the study: a socio-demographic metric, the Alarm Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire (AFAQ), and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A significance level of 0.05 was used in the analysis. The survey included 756 medical professionals from three European countries (Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland). The participants in the study were 42 years old on average, and they had 12 years of work experience. 603 out of 756 survey participants had poor sleep quality, 147 had good sleep quality, and 6 did not provide an answer. This study analyzed the alarm fatigue levels of respondents in every country. In the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, a statistically significant association (p = 0.039, p = 0.001, p < 0.001) was found between alarm fatigue and sleep quality in medical staff. Based on our study, alarm fatigue and sleep quality of HCWs are correlated. Therefore, alarm fatigue and sleep hygiene should be monitored.

Assessment of universities that provide education in the field of health tourism in Türkiye in the light of current data

Introduction: Health tourism, defined as travels aimed to improve the physical and mental health of individuals, is growing day by day in parallel with developing technology and transportation. Factors influencing the preference of Türkiye in health tourism include cost, tourism opportunities, and cultural characteristics, as well as health facilities, staff, doctors, and the quality level of service. Due to the focus of human health, the service delivery which is very sensitive should be carried out by qualified workforce. With their role in protecting patients from unnecessary tests and treatments and facilitating effective participation in clinical decision-making processes, family physicians are also involved in the health tourism process and advocate. It is aimed to improve the service provision both qualitatively and quantitatively to meet the predicted increase in the health tourism sector in our country. In line with the realization of these goals, education and training activities offered by higher education institutions come into prominence. It’s aimed in our study to quantitatively investigate the adequacy of education in the field of health tourism in our country and to assess it in light of current data. Methods: The data of the cross-sectional and descriptive study were collected during the 2023-2024 academic years. Education programs and the number of students in the field of health tourism between 2018-2023 at 18 institutions under the Council of Higher Education (YOK) and The Measuring, Selection and Placement Center (OSYM) were examined. Obtained data were brought together with health tourism data published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), the International Health Services Inc. (USHAS), and the Association of Turkish Travel Agencies (TURSAB). Results: In Türkiye, for the first time in 2014, associate degree education started to be provided in the " Health Tourism Business" department within the Vocational School. This department, which is available in 9 universities today, has the highest percentage among associate degree preferences. Master's degree program level trainings in health tourism continue in 9 universities across 3 different departments: "Health Tourism", " Health Tourism Business " and "Health Tourism Management". Doctoral level education is provided in 1 university in the department of "Health Tourism". It is observed that the number of students and graduates enrolled in education programs in the field of health tourism is increasing every year. On the other hand, there is still no undergraduate program in this field in Türkiye. According to the data published by TUIK and USHAS, the number of visitors coming to our country for health tourism and the value of income is increasing every year. On the contrary, the number of students and graduates has not increased at the same rate in recent years. Conclusions: The number of programs and quotas in the field of health tourism opened in universities is gradually increasing. However, when evaluated together with the increase in the number of visitors coming to our country for health tourism over the years, it has been revealed that the number of qualified staff trained to meet the increasing need is still not at the desired level.

Research on the Path of Cultivating High-Level Technical and Skilled Talents in Vocational Undergraduate Colleges and Universities

This paper explores strategies to cultivate high-level technical talents in vocational undergraduate colleges by analyzing their development, the essence of such talents, and proposing several key measures. Strategies include optimizing professional settings and curricula, enhancing school-enterprise cooperation and the integration of industry-university-research, improving teaching staff quality and educational standards, and expanding international cooperation. The importance of policy support and funding and establishing robust quality assurance systems is emphasized for effectively cultivating skilled talents in vocational undergraduate colleges.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The management function in educational institutions plays an important role in the world of education to realize various ideas, ideas, work programs, and other activities aimed at advancing education to improve and develop the quality of educators in multiple competencies. So that it can improve the overall quality of educational staff in an educational institution. In this discussion, the researcher uses qualitative research methods as support in his research based on a literature review known as a Literature Review. This approach can clarify and simplify the presentation of the research subject. The data sources were obtained from journals, articles, and writings related to management functions in educational institutions which were accessed via Mendeley.com, the Publish or Perish application, and Google Scholar. Thus, the results of the management analysis implemented in educational institutions show that a leader can improve by implementing the POAC principles (Planning, Organizing, Implementing, and Controlling) well.

Causes of occupational stress and burnout amongst administrative staff in public universities: case of Pakistan

PurposeThe primary aim of this study is to delve into the causes of occupational stress and burnout amongst administrative staff members in Pakistani universities. It does so by employing a qualitative research strategy, offering a comprehensive understanding of the issue.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative research strategy to examine the causes of occupational stress and burnout amongst administrative staff members in Pakistani universities. Around 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted via Teams with administrative employees in renowned universities in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and the Lahore region of Pakistan. Saldana's (2014) structured inductive data analysis method was used to analyse the collected data.FindingsThe study sheds light on the harsh realities faced by university administrative staff in Pakistani universities. These include top management ineffectiveness, role ambiguity, role conflict, favouritism, inequality, a communication gap with higher authorities, disparity of rewards and recognition, no career paths and opportunities, feeble leadership, corruption, inappropriate use of power, mishandling of qualified staff and non-acceptance of shifting roles from administration to academia. These are not just academic concepts but real-life challenges that demand immediate attention.Originality/valueThe study's findings have significant implications for Pakistan's Ministry of Education. Based on these findings, the recommendations proposed can serve as a roadmap for enhancing interpersonal development, implementing career development programmes, succession planning and supporting university administrative staff. These initiatives can lay the groundwork for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal-4 targets, making this research a valuable resource for policymakers.

Satisfying the needs for highly qualified engineering staff in a disruptively changing aircraft industry with special care for MRO sector

PurposeThe number of passengers in the aviation sector following COVID-19 has recovered in 2023 and is 5% higher than it was in 2019. The average annual growth of air travel is predicted to be 3.2% between 2019 and 2039. This means the need for aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services will also increase. Moreover, the stakeholders require lower costs, higher effectiveness/market share and sustainability. These expectations can be realized only with the identification, development and implementation of new innovations while improving and optimizing the already used processes and procedures. Since only highly qualified graduates can reach these requirements, the need for profession-specific MSc and PhD level engineers has elevated significantly. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development and implementation of a new MRO higher educational framework program in strong cooperation with enterprises and universities.Design/methodology/approachThe emphasis is placed on the program’s scouting, investigation, development, realization and evaluation by defining key performance indexes and aiming for the optimal solution for all participants.FindingsThe result of this study is the establishment of a new educational framework, the reinvention of the MSc curriculum and the integration of PhD-level researchers in the industry in a way that fulfills the needs and requirements of the MRO sector. In return, it will give various benefits to all parties involved.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work comes from creating a new educational MSc and PhD level framework that can push the MRO industry forward and fill the gap of missing engineers in this field. Plus, the newly developed program is highly flexible and can be used by other players in the economy after making some adaptions and modifications.

Fundamentals of the civil service - quality of staff

Fundamentals of the civil service - quality of staff

The effectiveness of faculty development programs for training university professors in the health area: a systematic review and meta-analysis

SummaryBackgroundThe growing discussion on teacher development focuses on diversified educational skills that promote knowledge and innovation in the teaching, learning and assessment process. With the Covid-19 scenario, this picture of necessary changes has become more evident, demonstrating the need for professional preparation to work in teacher development. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of teacher development programs for the training of university teachers in the health area, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved searching five databases - PubMed-Medline, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science. The review included randomized clinical trials and cohort studies that addressed the effectiveness of teaching professionalization in the health area for university professors. The quality of the selected studies was assessed based on the evaluation criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The random effects meta-analysis method was used to explain the distribution of effects between the studies, using Stata® software (version 11.0) and publication bias was examined by visual inspection of the graphs and Egger's test.ResultsWe included 12 studies in the systematic review and 8 in the meta-analysis. These studies were published between 1984 and 2022 in 14 countries. Significant changes were reported in teachers' behavior to stimulate and encourage students, improvement in the quality of teaching and teaching staff, as well as improvement in skills such as leadership and self-evaluation. Furthermore, the result of the meta-analysis showed that there is evidence of the effectiveness of the positive effects of teacher development programs after their implementation, with this effect being 1.70% and an increase of 4.75 in the effect of these teacher development programs.ConclusionOur study shows that development programs have been implemented in different countries and contexts, all of which have proven to be effective in the short, medium and long term. We recommend that future research focus specifically on the different competencies that have been acquired following the implementation of these programs.

Influence of Boards of Management Practices on Teachers Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Kenya: A Case of Manga Sub-County Nyamira County, Kenya

The purpose of the Basic Education Act No. 14 of 2013 is to increase professionalism in the administration of public elementary schools by establishing Boards of Management. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effect that Boards of Management policies have on student achievement in public primary schools in the Manga sub-county of Kisii County, Kenya. The study set out to answer several questions about the impact of various factors on students' academic success, including the availability of instructional resources, the quality of the school's physical environment, the quality of the teaching staff, and the effectiveness of the school's management's efforts to motivate its employees. The research was based on the open systems theory and the Path Goal Leadership Theory. The study used a variety of research strategies. Concurrent triangulation, a research strategy that blends quantitative and qualitative data, was used for this investigation. Principals, BOM members, and the Sub County Director of Education made up the study population. Sampling was performed using a stratified random sampling technique. Strata were designated as learning environments. Questionnaires and interview scripts were used to compile the data. The researcher piloted the surveys with two elementary schools in Manga Sub County that have certain demographic and social characteristics with the study area. Pearson's Product Coefficient was used to verify reliability. Co-efficient. If the dependability co-efficient was lower than 0.7, then the instruments would need to be improved. The instruments' validity and reliability were established by having them crafted under the watchful eyes of the supervisors and by consulting with subject-matter experts. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to analyse the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the quantitative approaches. Descriptive statistics included measurements of central tendency and dispersion, such as means and standard deviations. Chi-square tests and spearman rank order correlations were used for inferential statistics. Analysing qualitative data required making sense of the responses and contrasting them with prior research. Frequency tables, percentages, and other numerical were used. Ethical considerations were taken into account during the investigation. The vast majority of respondents agreed that their schools' ability to provide necessary teaching and learning resources was facilitated by adhering to a schedule of events. The majority of respondents said that BOM members are capable of accurately forecasting and budgeting for physical infrastructure on their own. All respondents said that those working in BOM were trustworthy because of their moral rectitude and upright character. The research concluded that the Ministry of Education should institute safeguards to guarantee that only qualified individuals serve on public elementary school governing boards. It is imperative that steps be taken to guarantee the exchequer allocates sufficient funds for the purchase of physical infrastructure for public elementary schools