Quality Of Human Capital Research Articles

Human Capital as a Key Factor for Organizations’ ESG Goals

The integration of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) standards and principles in the development strategy is the organization’s commitment for long-run and inclusive sustainability. These pillars are currently important priorities for stakeholders, managers and policymakers. Thus, the main objective of this empirical work is to analyze the extent to which European companies currently manage to fulfill certain specific requirements related to ESG and the role played by highly qualified human capital in this process of sustainable development. To achieve this goal, a diverse research methodology will be used, consisting of critical comparative analysis of the specialized literature, interpretation of statistical data, and econometric analysis. Our analysis is based in particular on European companies data from various fields of activity and different sizes, extracted by Eurofound through a complex survey. The main results demonstrate how European Union Member States are clustered and ranked based on different ESG pillars, with Sweden, Denmark, Estonia or Finland as the best performers and Greece and Cyprus as the weakest performers. At the same time, the research highlights the limited role of highly qualified human capital in supporting the development of the ESG pillars included in the analysis. We also pointed out the effect on companies' competitiveness and resilience, as well as the need for underperforming companies to integrate human capital in the process of long-term sustainable and inclusive development, being the basic resource of any organization. The article may have a contribution to the literature because it demonstrates how EU Member States can be grouped according to specific ESG criteria of domestic companies, and also the role of highly qualified in boosting these criteria. Our study also may have possible practical implications, both for the academic environment, and also for the managers involved in the development of the business sector. We consider that our empirical results may contribute to the decision-making process regarding the future investments of the organizations.

Lifelong Education in Economics, Business and Management Research: Literature Review

Abstract Background Lifelong education includes formal and nonformal forms of learning during an individual's life cycle for the conscious and continuous development of one's quality and the quality of life in society. Objectives The goal of the research is to identify the most frequent research topics related to lifelong education in economics, business, and management research using a systematic literature review. Methods/Approach The study analysed 272 lifelong education papers in Business, Management, and Economics journals using bibliometric analysis, text mining, and Provalis Wordstat content analysis, identifying frequent journals, authors, nations, and funding entities. Results Research on lifelong education, focusing on older adults, critical thinking, quality of life, poverty reduction, professional training, and human capital, is primarily published in the International Journal of Lifelong Education. Four clusters have been identified. Conclusions The number of lifelong education papers is increasing, primarily published in educational journals. The most common keywords highlight its focus on human capital, supporting economic and social development.

The Effect of the Tourism Sector, Human Capital, And Economic Openness on Total Productivity Factors in Bali Province 1985 – 2019

In order to improve economic performance, increasing labor productivity is very important, because the higher the productivity of the workforce, the more its competitiveness will increase. This study aims to analyze the effect of the tourism sector, human capital, and economic openness on the total factor productivity in Bali Province. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency in the form of data on capital formation, labor, average length of schooling, and export-import in Bali Province from 1985 - 2019. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the tourism sector and the quality of human capital had a positive effect on total factor productivity in Bali Province during 1985 – 2019, while economic openness had a positive but not significant effect.

Can Global Value Chain Upgrading Promote Regional Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence and Mechanism Analysis Based on City-Level Panel Data in China

Since launching its reforms and opening up, China has actively integrated itself into global value chains (GVCs) and experienced continuous growth. However, there exists a significant imbalance between GVC upgrading and economic growth across regions in China. Can GVC upgrading promote economic growth at the regional level? Despite the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence provided at the national level, research on GVC upgrading at the subnational level remains limited. This study constructs a temporal indicator to measure GVC upgrading at the finest subnational level, including cities at the prefecture level and above, and employs panel fixed effects (FE) and mediation models to examine the impact and mechanism of GVC upgrading on regional economic growth, aiming for a meaningful exploration in this area. The results show that GVC upgrading has a significant positive effect on regional economic growth with robust performance. Specifically, a 1-standard-deviation improvement in GVC upgrading leads to a 0.054-standard-deviation increase in the logarithm of per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect is more pronounced in coastal areas and administrative centers. Mechanism analysis indicates that GVC upgrading promotes regional economic growth by facilitating capital accumulation, promoting technological progress, and enhancing human resources, among which, facilitating capital accumulation plays the most significant role, accounting for over 70% of the economic growth effects associated with GVC upgrading. Thus, China should create an enabling environment for promoting GVC upgrading, enhance capital accumulation, foster regional innovation systems, improve the quality of human capital, and promote domestic market integration.

Neoindustrialization—Reflections on a New Paradigmatic Approach for the Industry: A Scoping Review on Industry 5.0

Background: The Industry 5.0 emerges as a new paradigm for the industry by considering sustainability, human-centered approaches, organizational resilience, and interaction between humans and machines as its core values. This new trend for the future of the industry is referred to as neoindustrialization. Due to being a topic in development, there is still no precise consensus on its definition, which prompted the current study to comprehensively investigate and analyze the existing literature on Industry 5.0. Methods: The method employed was a scoping review, examining publications from various databases and academic journals, including those specific to the Brazilian context. Results: The results indicate a transition towards an industry that meets societal demands and respects planetary boundaries, aspects that were overlooked by Industry 4.0. Conclusions: In this new scenario, the industry reassumes its leadership by combining technology with new strategies and organizational models. Furthermore, it undergoes organizational changes to align its structure, operations, human resources, and new practices, aiming to meet the demands of society and all stakeholders involved. To achieve this, it is necessary to create an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship, promoting the development of qualified human capital, investments in research and development, and strengthening partnerships between the public and private sectors. A successful neoindustrialization policy will generate high-quality jobs and foster economic growth. Industry 5.0 is the paradigm that will prevail in the 21st century. It is not a matter of speculation; it is an inseparable and inevitable reality. Otherwise, the industry will be relegated to a secondary role in the process of digital and social transformation.

Migration, Selection and Income Differentials in Brazilian Labor Market.

Migration is understood in the economic literature as a decision based on prospects of better working conditions and the search for higher remuneration at the destination, compared to the origin of the workforce. In this sense, this article aims to test the hypothesis of favorable migratory selectivity in Brazil based on the model with sample selection bias correction proposed by Heckman (1979). Based on census information for the years 2000 and 2010, the aim is to analyze the population aged between 15 and 60 years who declared themselves to be employed in the Brazilian labor market. Suppose it is confirmed that migrants are a positively selected population group. In that case, they have unobservable characteristics that affect the decision to migrate and, consequently, labor earnings. The second step is to decompose the characteristics that affect the earnings differentials between migrants and non-migrants, considering those of an observable and non-observable nature. The results show that Brazilian intercity migrants make up a positively selected group. Concerning the breakdown of income differentials, labor income is more remarkable in favor of migrants, and the largest share of income differences between migrants and non-migrants is due to unobservable factors. Therefore, the implications of this study show that the migration of qualified human capital in Brazil, that is, those with the best professional performance in the labor market (positively selected), may end up deepening regional socioeconomic inequalities since migrants always seek opportunities in more economically dynamic regions. This suggests that policies be developed to reduce regional inequalities that aim, above all, to boost the growth of less developed regions so that their human capital has the opportunity to develop internally in their regions, contributing to the growth and development of the original region.

Unleashing the horizons of labor quality, digitalization on upgradation of industrial structure in Asian economies.

A country's industrial structure plays a pivotal role in determining its competitiveness, growth, and sustainability. Recently, many Asian countries have experienced significant economic upgradation and transformation and have emerged as major players in global trade. It is crucial to understand the factors contributing in upgradation of industrial structure of Asian economies for their continuous progress and it is little focused in literature. This study explores the effect of labor quality and digitalization on the upgradation of the industrial structure in 32 Asian countries covering the time period from 2010-2021. Multiple econometric techniques are applied for a comprehensive analysis of data, and the findings show that high-quality labor has a positive contribution to upgrading the industrial structure. Moreover, digitalization upgrades the industrial structure by improving connectivity, fostering collaboration, and enhancing productivity. Based on the findings of this study, Asian countries should prioritize investments in education and skill development to enhance human capital quality. Additionally, they should promote policies that facilitate digitalization, including investments in digital infrastructure, the development of digital skills, and the creation of a supportive regulatory environment. Thus, Asian countries can accelerate the upgradation of their industrial structure, leading to sustainable economic growth, increased competitiveness, and improved living standards.

Competitive Positioning of Higher Education Schools and Digital Transformation

The processes of technological development and digitization of the economy find their projection on universities. As a producer of knowledge, they are expected to respond strategically to the challenges of scientific and technical progress to absorb the existing digital potential, at least in two aspects: in relation to the formation of the quality of human capital, according to the needs of the labor market and in terms of the quality of research activity and the transfer of knowledge – to increase innovation activity and the development of the national economy. In this regard, the research thesis is that in conditions of the knowledge economy and Industry 4.0, the main factors for the competitiveness of HEIs and for their competitive positioning are derived from the cooperation between science, education and business and their strategic transformation from classical to research universities, with an equal focus on their educational and research activities.

Does human capital spillover affect labor productivity?

As a developing country, in 2022 Indonesia is the 4th largest population in the world and predicted to experience a demographic bonus in 2020-2035. However, along with the increase in the population and workforce in Indonesia, it turns out that the productivity of the workforce in Indonesia is still low. This study aims to analyze and examine the effect human capital spillovers proxied by higher educated labor and lifetime in-migration on labor productivity in Indonesia along with other production factor variables. This study used panel data collected from 28 provinces in Indonesia in period of 2010 to 2019. Based on the results, the higher the level of education, the higher the productivity and the presence of higher educated labor can provide knowledge spillover for the environment. Meanwhile, human capital spillover from indicators in-migration has no impact on productivity. These results indicate that knowledge spillover support by quality of human capital, but the movement of labor has not provided positive externalities for the surrounding environment.JEL Classification E24; J24; O47

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: An Appraisal of Oman Using the Ease of Doing Business Index

Today, promoting and nurturing entrepreneurship is a core component of economic development in countries around the world. Fostering entrepreneurship as an economic development strategy necessitates a suitable ecosystem termed an “entrepreneurship ecosystem”. Isenberg developed a model of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in 2011 that contains six domains: a conducive culture, enabling policies and leadership, availability of appropriate finance, quality human capital, venture-friendly markets for products, and a range of institutional and infrastructural supports. These six domains are composed of fifty specific sub-components. This study in its current form shall assess the regulatory and institutional framework aspect of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the Sultanate of Oman. This assessment is done from 2012 to 2019 using the Ease of Doing Business Index published by the World Bank. It is discovered that the overall Doing Business score for Oman increased to 67.19 in 2019 from 66.79 in 2012. The study reveals that Oman has made significant progress in connection to starting a business while getting credit is still an area of concern and needs urgent intervention. This exercise helped to know the change in ease of doing business in Oman for the years under consideration and thus assessed the changes in regulatory and institutional framework aspects of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the country.

Capacity Building Strategies for Built Heritage Conservation of George Town World Heritage Site, Penang

ABSTRACT George Town’s inscription as a world heritage site on July 7 2008 has profound ramifications for the city’s subsequent functionalities, image, and identity. Since the UNESCO inscription, heritage shophouses in George Town World Heritage Site (GTWHS) were purchased en-bloc by investors and massive conservation of shop houses took off. Among the key issues faced by GTWHS is a shortage of the right quantity and quality of human capital in building conservation which, in turn, will threaten the authenticity and integrity of the city’s built heritage, if conservation is done without applying conservation principles and proper skills. While there are strategies in George Town’s Special Area Plan to manage the heritage site, there is a dearth of strategies related to capacity building in the city’s heritage sector. Against this backdrop, the paper aims to propound the relevant strategies to enhance George Town’s capacity building for building conservation works. Based on qualitative techniques, this study interviewed heritage experts to identify suitable strategies in capacity building for GTWHS. This paper recommends that existing strategies should garner collective participation from all stakeholders. The strategies proposed should be implemented as soon as possible to ensure quality and continuous generation of the right skills and knowledge toward sustainable capacity building for George Town’s built heritage.

Economic Benefits and Challenges: Funding Tertiary Education for Economic Development in Greece

It is often proposed that governments should devote resources toward tertiary education to the point where marginal social costs equal marginal social value. A critical challenge in evaluating the viability of financing higher education correlates with the difficulty of connecting educational inputs with output. The argument for investment in tertiary erudition hinges on technological advances and demographic change, whereby individuals require periodic retraining within the information age, and increasing labor productivity could reduce the effects of an aging population. The aim of the present work was to view the current system of funding tertiary education in Greece and review some evidence on the economic benefits of funding tertiary education in this Country. In spite of funding obstacles, empirical evidence indicates that graduates improve economic output and social cohesion. Prioritize funding policies for equitable access, and investigate optimal levels of taxpayer subsidy in future research. While allocative problems permeate the higher education sector within different countries, observational and empirical evidence illustrate that graduates improve economic productivity and increase the tax revenues. Overall, funding tertiary education promotes economic development in the global knowledge economy that is undergoing evolution. In addition to having direct effects on the quality of human capital, funding for postsecondary education also has indirect effects on research infrastructure, innovation and economic growth. Investments in higher education and research and development are essential for fostering economic growth, technological progress, and competitiveness.

Preserving Human Capital in Ukraine in times of War

"The key resource and driving force of the economy at this stage of society’s development is a person and his or her labor force, which is defined by modern economists as human capital. Given the current war, there is a significant risk of losing and deteriorating the expertise of specialists who have been trained in Ukraine. The article aims to identify the prerequisites, factors, and peculiarities of the situation concerning the preservation of human capital in Ukraine in the context of Russia’s military aggression. In the course of the research, analytical and bibliographic method was employed to study the scientific literature on the formation, change, and preservation of human capital in the country. Induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, system-structural, comparative, logical, and linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were applied to study and process data. Moreover, the authors conducted an online survey using a questionnaire to identify the most important issues related to changes in the quality and quantity of human capital in the state during the war. Following the results of the study, the main theoretical aspects of the problem of the formation and preservation of human capital were identified. Moreover, the opinion of demographic scientists and specialists of state and local authorities working with migrants and internally displaced persons on key aspects of this issue was studied."

Educational Migration Trends Review in Poland (with Particular Emphasis on the Immigration of Ukrainian Youth)

This article aims to review and synthesise research on educational migration in Poland, particularly youth immigration from Ukraine. The paper collects statistical data from 2004, which allowed for the analysis of the existing trends in educational migration in Poland. The research on the largest group of foreign students – citizens of Ukraine – was reviewed, which resulted in identifying research gaps regarding student mobility in Poland, both in terms of demand and supply of educational migrations. The practical implication appears to show that the governments of the host countries, the business sector, and the academic units – due to the increase in the number of foreign students – can expect positive effects in the form of obtaining qualified human capital for the local labour market and the improvement of the demographic situation, provided that foreign students remain in the country and the family there.

RISKS AND THREATS ARISING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON THE TRIPLE HELIX MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL

The article identifies and analyzes the risks and threats that arise during the development of interaction between universities and industrial enterprises based on the triple helix model in the context of modern technological modernization. The authors name as the main risks and threats arising in this case: the lack of clear goal-setting at the state level, translated into a triple helix; insufficiently high degree of adaptability of the links of the triple helix to the realities of the risk economy; possible weakening of national ideology; lack of a national idea; the threat of a decrease in the quality of human capital. The authors come to the conclusion that the development of interaction between universities and industrial enterprises based on the triple helix model in the context of modern technological modernization in the Republic of Belarus takes place in conditions of increasing influence of global political and economic instability, in connection with which the most important condition for countering new challenges and threats is to increase the adaptability of the existing economic model to external and internal challenges and threats.

Цифровые технологии в сфере здравоохранения как способ обеспечения качества человеческого капитала

Introduction. The article considers the relevance of the digital technologies introduction in healthcare organizations, accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of the publication is to clarify the role of digital technologies in the healthcare sector for solving applied problems and ensuring the quality of human capital as a factor of the sustainable development of the economy. Theoretical analysis. A review of Russian and foreign publications on the subject of digitalization in the field of healthcare is given. The problems of digital health are highlighted. The directions for the introduction of digital technologies in the domestic healthcare system based on the technologies of mobile healthcare, electronic medical records, medical analytics, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence systems are presented. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data on the federal districts of Russia. Results. The results of the study made it possible to identify the limiting factors for the introduction of digital technologies in healthcare organizations in Russia, to clarify the importance of digital technologies for ensuring the quality of human capital. Conclusions. The results and conclusions of the article can become a theoretical platform for further research to advance healthcare towards the implementation of the digital maturity model and the widespread use of digital technologies for the provision of medical care and services in the healthcare system.

The Peningkatan Kualitas Human Capital Melalui Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan di SMK Negeri 1 Driyorejo

The researcher carried out this research because he wanted to examine how to improve the quality of human capital through entrepreneurship learning at SMKN 1 Driyorejo Gresik. In improving the quality of human capital, one of them is requiring an effective learning, namely by implementing this entrepreneurship. This research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive and the type of research is a case study. Data collection techniques used by researchers are observing, interviewing and documenting. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out using data condensation, data presentation, and data verification. In testing the validity of the data, researchers also used source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results of this study show that SMKN 1 Driyorejo Gresik has implemented entrepreneurship learning in creating superior quality human capital so that graduates become entrepreneurship, especially in grades eleven and twelfth. Not only that, SMKN 1 Driyorejo Gresik already has excellent products, namely Skandry Water and Skandry Hygenice. Therefore, it is hoped that all residents of SMKN 1 Driyorejo will apply the KISS method, namely Consolidation, Integration, Synergy and Synchronization so that school plans can be realized and implemented perfectly because they are supported by all school members.

ANALISIS PENGARUH MODAL MANUSIA, UMK DAN PDRB TERHADAP INVESTASI ASING LANGSUNG DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI BALI

This study aims to analyze the effect of human capital, regency/city minimum wage and GRDP simultaneously and partially on FDI in regency/city of Bali Province. This research was conducted in the regency/city area of Bali Province with 9 years of observation in the period 2011 to 2019. The data used is secondary data, which is then analyzed descriptively and inferentially using multiple linear regression analysis. In this study, the panel data model that was chosen is Common Effect Model (CEM). The results showed that human capital, regency/city minimum wage and GRDP simultaneously had a significant effect on FDI in regency/city of Bali Province. In addition, it was also found that human capital and regency/city minimum wage partially have a negative and significant effect, while GRDP has a positive and significant effect on FDI in regency/city of Bali Province. The implication of this research that there is a need for commitment from various parties to be able to increase the entry of FDI in the regency/city of Bali Province through improving the quality of human capital, increasing the regency/city minimum wage followed by an increase in labor productivity, and through the availability of infrastructure that can support economic activities so that can increase regional output which is reflected in GRDP.

인적자본과 기술혁신간의 관계

This study investigate the relationship between human capital, one of the key factors in creating the firm’s competitive advantage, and the technology innovation. From an integrated approach, we divide human capital into firm specific human capital and general human capital and analyze the impact of two human capitals on technological innovation empirically. In addition, we examine when and how this relationship is more stronger or weaker. Using survey data from Korean Research for Vocational Education and Training and 2) NICE information service in Korea, first, we find that both firm specific human and general human capital can enhance the technological innovation of firm. This results suggests that the two types of human capital are crucial variables in improving technological innovation of firm as each unique and complementary resource.
 Second, the relationship between general human capital and technological innovation is more stronger as firms’ international experience increases. In particular, general human capital strengthens technological innovation when interacting with firm international experience, but we do not find the moderating variable effect of firm international experience in the relationship between firm specific human capital and technological innovation. In order to improve the technological innovation of firm, we need to consider not only the firm-specific human capital related to on-the-job training investment but also the improvement of the human capital quality through formal education outside of firm while capitalizing firm international experience. This study conduct the research to identify technological innovation from an integrated point of view, considering not only the traditionally firm-specific but also general human capital, which has recently been paying attention again. In addition, we demonstrate that the firm international experience is the crucial boundary condition, explaining detailed mechanism of the relationship between human capital and technological innovation of firm.

R&D expenditure as a determinant of the aggregate innovation index in the V4 countries

Innovation is critical to modern economies’ development; new process requirements within Industry 4.0 highlight its significance and necessity. This study aims to identify the relationship between R&D expenditure and the aggregate innovation index in the V4 countries. The statistical data from 2014 to 2021 are taken from the European Commission and Eurostat databases. The analysis focuses on identifying the degree of correlation between the standardized score of the Aggregate Innovation Index and the amount of R&D expenditure in countries of the Visegrad Group. The study uses the following methods: the Shapiro-Wilk test (to verify the normality of the samples), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (to check the degree of tightness of dependency), the Tukey test (to examine which countries have statistically significant differences), and chi-squared test (Χ2-test). Among the V4 countries, the Czech Republic was the best performer in the aggregate innovation index. Hungary showed the second-highest score, Slovakia ranked third place, and Poland had the lowest score. The findings indicate a positive correlation between R&D expenditures and the aggregate innovation index in all V4 countries. However, the relationship is statistically significant only in the Czech Republic and Poland. These results were confirmed by the Tukey test of differences within the correlation coefficients, which showed only a statistically significant difference within the correlation coefficients between Poland and Slovakia (1.790) and between Poland and Hungary (–1.640), respectively. AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic [grant VEGA No 1/0357/21], “Multiplier effects of human capital quality on economic performance and competitiveness of the Slovak economy.”