Qualification Of Participants Research Articles

Breast Cancer Awareness Among Nursing Students of Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Background: Breast cancer is a condition in which a mass of undifferentiated cells is formed as a result of an uncontrollable increase in the number of breast cells. The risk of breast cancer may be increased by physiological elements such as premature menarche, prolonged menstrual period, late age at first pregnancy, and low fertility. For every year that menopause is postponed, the risk of having breast cancer increases by 3%. Objective: To determine the Breast Cancer Awareness among nursing students of Jinnah Hospital Lahore Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study approach was used for this research. A sample size of 122 instances was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. The data was gathered using a random sample technique. Data was gathered from BSc Nursing students, Diploma students, LHV students, and BSC students. On a 20-point scale, knowledge about cancer in breast was evaluated. Results: The findings of study revealed that majority of student nurses 45 (36.8%) were less than 18 years and more than two-third, 67(54.9%) of participants were BSN students. The result shows that majority of the participants have average information, only 13.9% participants have poor knowledge about breast cancer. While 32% participants have good knowledge. Findings of study also revealed that knowledge about breast cancer is significantly associated with age and qualification of participants. Practical Implication: Therefore, there is a need to arrange the educational sessions and seminars on breast cancer to adequately inform about this illness. Conclusion: it is concluded that the participants had adequate knowledge of breast cancer and there is no association between knowledge of participants and residence. While age and qualification had significant association with knowledge of participants about breast cancer. Keywords: knowledge; Breast Cancer; Nursing Students; Breast Cancer Awareness; Cancer

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

News, Events, Publications, and Awards

English

BACKGROUND The principles and methods of biostatistics have gained importance in various fields including dentistry and medicine. The health researchers must have adequate knowledge and understanding of biostatistics to overcome the associated dilemmas in concluding the statistical data. The present study was planned to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception of biostatistics among health researchers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS The present cross-sectional study was questionnaire based and was conducted among 251 health researchers in Saudi Arabia. A convenience method of sampling was followed during the 2 months study period from 15. 08. 2020 to 15. 10. 2020. A pre-validated questionnaire was used that consisted of questions related to the knowledge, attitude and perception of biostatistics. A chi-square test was used to find the significance of study parameters and the level of significance chosen was 5 %. RESULTS Gender, nationality, or qualification of participants did not show any statistically significant differences with regards to their knowledge, attitude, or perception about biostatistics. The years of experience of the faculty showed statistically significant differences in their ability to interpret the results using statistical methods [P = 0.002], ability to choose a particular test to answer research question [P = 0.024], ability to design their projects [P = 0.02], and forming opinions / making decisions in health care using statistical information [P = 0.001]. Nursing and dental faculty were able to design their research projects significantly better when compared to other groups. Faculty of Pharmacy, nursing, and dentistry more frequently used statistical information to form opinions or make decisions in health care when compared to those from the Medical program. CONCLUSIONS The study showed a medium level of knowledge as well as awareness about the importance of statistics in research and indicated a great motivation for further training with an emphasis on teaching and learning biostatistics during undergraduate / postgraduate education. KEY WORDS Biostatistics, Interpret Results, Health Researchers

Prevalence of common work-related musculoskeletal disorders among population of Najran University, Saudi Arabia

Background and Aim: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational problems, which mostly affect the neck, upper and lower back. The objective of this study was to identify the musculoskeletal disorders among the employees of Najran University, KSA. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the two sixty nine employees of Najran University during the period of January 2019 to September 2019. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and a standardized Nordic questionnaire. Results: 269 employees of Najran University participated in this study; the mean age of participants was 39.35 ± 7.2. Most of participants 56.1% were overweight. The mean value of working experience was 6.8 ± 3.0, mean value of pain in off days past three year was 2.06 ± 8.7. Working hour was counted with mean value 7.13 ± 1.80. Mean value of walking activity was 33.45 ± 32.07 and exercise was 10.07 ± 21.4. Mean value of daily uses of computer was 5.01 ± 2.2 and cell phone was 4.65 ± 3.0, Upper and lower extremity multiple problem was found significant with qualification of participants. Conclusions: Most of the participants have musculoskeletal pain/ discomfort. The most affected region identified was low back and participants reported pain in this region. Few participants complained of neck pain. However, the other regions such as shoulder, wrist/ forearm, upper back, knee and ankle were found to be minimally affected. Association was found in personal and working place characteristics in different region of pain.

Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt

Background: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting. Egyptian pharmacists can provide feedback about applicability of such competencies in clinical pharmacy settings in Egypt.
 Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which ACCP competencies were implemented by Egyptian clinical pharmacists and therefore evaluate development of clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. The study also investigated factors affecting the applicability of such competencies in the current clinical pharmacy practice setting in Egypt.
 Methods: Four hundred and ninety-five randomly selected clinical pharmacists from several hospitals were invited to participate in a cross sectional survey using a self-administered validated questionnaire composed of 31 questions classified into six domains. This questionnaire was designed to determine the pharmacists’ perception about applicability of ACCP competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt.
 Results: The response rate was 64% as 317 out of 495 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. These pharmacists were categorized according to age; gender; qualifications; years of previous work experience, years since BSc. and type of hospitals they are currently working at. Analysis of data revealed the professionalism domain to have the highest percentage of acceptance among pharmacists, while the system-based care & population health domain had the lowest percentage of acceptance. Results also showed that qualifications of participants did not affect their response in three domains; “Direct Patient Care”, “Systems-based Care & Population Health” and “Continuing Professional Development” (p=0.082, 0.081, 0.060), respectively. Nevertheless, qualifications of participants did affect their response in the other three domains; “Pharmacotherapy Knowledge”, “Communication” and “Professionalism” (p<0.05). The age of pharmacists, gender, years of previous work experience, and graduation year did not affect their responses in all six domains. The type of hospital they are currently working at, though, affected their responses where, there was a highly statistically significant increase of the mean score of all domains among participants working at the NGOs/private hospitals compared to governmental hospitals (p<0.001).
 Conclusions: Egyptian pharmacists generally apply high percentage of ACCP competencies but the provided clinical pharmacy services need to be improved through applying the standards of best practice.

Applicability of American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt.

Background:The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting. Egyptian pharmacists can provide feedback about applicability of such competencies in clinical pharmacy settings in Egypt.Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which ACCP competencies were implemented by Egyptian clinical pharmacists and therefore evaluate development of clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. The study also investigated factors affecting the applicability of such competencies in the current clinical pharmacy practice setting in Egypt.Methods:Four hundred and ninety-five randomly selected clinical pharmacists from several hospitals were invited to participate in a cross sectional survey using a self-administered validated questionnaire composed of 31 questions classified into six domains. This questionnaire was designed to determine the pharmacists’ perception about applicability of ACCP competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt.Results:The response rate was 64% as 317 out of 495 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. These pharmacists were categorized according to age; gender; qualifications; years of previous work experience, years since BSc. and type of hospitals they are currently working at. Analysis of data revealed the professionalism domain to have the highest percentage of acceptance among pharmacists, while the system-based care & population health domain had the lowest percentage of acceptance. Results also showed that qualifications of participants did not affect their response in three domains; “Direct Patient Care”, “Systems-based Care & Population Health” and “Continuing Professional Development” (p=0.082, 0.081, 0.060), respectively. Nevertheless, qualifications of participants did affect their response in the other three domains; “Pharmacotherapy Knowledge”, “Communication” and “Professionalism” (p<0.05). The age of pharmacists, gender, years of previous work experience, and graduation year did not affect their responses in all six domains. The type of hospital they are currently working at, though, affected their responses where, there was a highly statistically significant increase of the mean score of all domains among participants working at the NGOs/private hospitals compared to governmental hospitals (p<0.001).Conclusions:Egyptian pharmacists generally apply high percentage of ACCP competencies but the provided clinical pharmacy services need to be improved through applying the standards of best practice.

Relativizacija pravde kroz retoriku - Platonov dijalog "Gorgija" kao paradigma

Through analysis of the works of Plato, particularly his dialogue Gorgia, the authors attempt to perceive prospective of rhetoric as the art of persuasion which could relativize truth and justice. The authors firstly try to solve a preliminary issue about qualification of participants in the dialogue as sophists or as rhetors. After examination of different attitudes on that issue in the current theory, the authors take stand that, at least in Gorgia, Plato's Socrates is combating with rhetors (Gorgias, Pollus and Callicles), and not with sophists. Zone of accordance between Socrates and rhetors is, without any doubt, that rhetoric is the art of persuasion, but they do not agree on the outcomes to which that persuasion leads. The tendency to achieve absolute truth (justice), knowledge, is the goal of the philosophers (as Socrates states), which contradicts to the chief aim of the rhetors - a belief or creating a conviction of the truth (justice). The authors also draw attention that Socrates is all the time aware of all the weaknesses of philosophy which, contrary to rhetoric, could not handle real life problems due to the lack of pragmatism. The authors underline that those who are undoubtedly considered as sophists (like Hippias and Antiphon) as their starting principle place the idea of innate equality of people, while those who are predominantly rhetors (as Callicles and Trasimach) start from the concept of natural inequality of people and uphold natural right of the stronger. In that way rhetoric appears as an art which leads to accomplishing the natural right of the stronger. Finally, having in mind examples from antiquity, the authors take position of value relativism. They find that rhetoric stays morally neutral even today and that it has great potential to morally justify (or only to show as just) any desired outcome.

Chloride in Milk, Milk Powder, Whey Powder, Infant Formula, and Adult Nutritionals Potentiometric Titration: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2016.03.

Background: In September 2015, both AOAC Official Methods 2015.07 and 2015.08 single-laboratory validations (SLVs) were reviewed against Standard Method Performance Requirements® (SMPR) 2014.015 by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional (SPIFAN) Expert Review Panel (ERP). Looking at the similarity and uniqueness of the two methods, the authors agreed, as advised by the ERP, to work together to merge the two methods into one. This combined method was assigned Method 2016.03. Objective: In order to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of the AOAC First Action 2016.03 method, a collaborative study was organized. The study was divided in two parts: (Part 1) method set up and qualification of participants and (Part 2) collaborative study participation. During Part 1, each laboratory was asked to analyze two practice samples. The laboratories that provided results within a range of expected levels were qualified for Part 2, during which they analyzed 25 samples in blind duplicates. Results: The results were compared with SMPR 2014.015 established for chloride. The precision results (repeatability and reproducibility) were within the requirements stated in the SMPR. In general, the precision results (repeatability and reproducibility) were well within the limits stated in the SMPR. Repeatability ranged from 0.4 to 1.9%, in accordance with data obtained during SLV, with reported RSD of repeatability from 0.03 to 1.6%. Meanwhile, reproducibility ranged from 0.6 to 4.0%. Finally, the Horwitz ratio values were all below 1, from 0.2 to 0.9%. Conclusions: The ERP determined that the data presented met the SMPR and accordingly recommended the method to be granted Final Action status. In January 2018, the Official Methods Board approved the method as Final Action.

The issues with the current sentencing score system for the Act on Fair Transactions in Subcontracting - With emphasis on the Korea Fair Trade Commissionʼs Restriction on Qualification for Participation in Public Procurement Bidding Process and Suspension of Business -

The issues with the current sentencing score system for the Act on Fair Transactions in Subcontracting - With emphasis on the Korea Fair Trade Commissionʼs Restriction on Qualification for Participation in Public Procurement Bidding Process and Suspension of Business -

Study on the Legal Problems of ‘Restriction on Qualification for Participation of Inappropriate Business Entities in Tendering Procedures’ according to Requested-Public procurement contract - Supreme Court's Decision(29 June 2017) 2014두14389

Study on the Legal Problems of ‘Restriction on Qualification for Participation of Inappropriate Business Entities in Tendering Procedures’ according to Requested-Public procurement contract - Supreme Court's Decision(29 June 2017) 2014두14389

공공기관의 입찰참가자격 제한 처분의 한계 - 대법원 2017. 6. 29. 선고 2017두39365 판결

공공기관의 입찰참가자격 제한 처분의 한계 - 대법원 2017. 6. 29. 선고 2017두39365 판결

Vitamin C in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2012.22.

To determine the repeatability and reproducibility values of the AOAC INTERNATIONAL First Action Method 2012.22, Vitamin C in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection, a collaborative study was organized. The study was divided into two parts: method setup and qualification of participants (part 1) and collaborative study participation (part 2). During part 1, each laboratory was asked to analyze two practice samples using the aforementioned method. Laboratories that provided results within a range of expected levels were qualified for part 2, where they analyzed 10 samples in blind duplicates. Two of the samples were suspected of spoilage during the test and new cans of the same type of product were analyzed by a subset of laboratories in part 3. The results were compared with Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2012.012 established for vitamin C. The precision results were within the requirements stated in the SMPR: 1.4-7.3% and 3.2-11.4% respectively, for repeatability and reproducibility. Finally, Horwitz ratio values were all <2 (0.5-1.7). The Expert Review Panel for Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Nutrient Methods determined that the data presented met the SMPR and therefore recommended the method be granted Final Action status.

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Infant Formula and Adult/ Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2012.16.

In order to determine repeatability and reproducibility of AOAC First Action Method 2012.16 [Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Ultra-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry], a collaborative study was organized. The study was divided in two parts: method setup and qualification of participants (part 1) and collaborative study participation (part 2). For part 1, each participating laboratory was asked to analyze two practice samples using the aforementioned method. Laboratories that provided results within a range of expected levels were qualified for part 2, during which each laboratory received 10 samples in blind duplicates. Results have been compared to the Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2012.009 established for pantothenic acid. Precision results (repeatability and reproducibility) were within the limits stated in the SMPR. Repeatability ranged from 1.3 to 3.3%, and reproducibility ranged from 4.1 to 7.0%. Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values were all <1, ranging from 0.33 to 0.69. The AOAC Expert Review Panel on Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals Nutrient Methods determined that the data presented met the SMPR and recommended the method for Final Action status, which was then granted by the AOAC Official Methods Board.

A Theory of Aspects: Media Participation and Political Theory

aim in this essay is to elaborate a mode of political theorizing that is not beholden to the “how do you know?” question of epistemic validation. Rather than focusing on epistemological arguments, I propose that people interested in studying political theory address the partiality of aspects that emerge when engaging works, and the participation of media in the creation of political concepts. Central to my elaborations is the aesthetic notion that there is no overarching rule that will determine how objects, peoples, and events relate to one another and stand out as relevant to political theory, and that there are no necessary qualifications for participation in political theorizing. The essay is comprised of three sections. The first engages three thinkers of the interpretive turn in political theory: Charles Taylor, Quentin Skinner, and James Tully. The second section assembles three images of thought drawn from three different expressions of three diverse thinkers: Roland Barthes, Stanley Cavell, and Jacques Derrida. In the third section I depart from the theoretical experimentation and interpretive work of the previous sections and redirect attention to the participation of media in political theorizing. I conclude the essay by suggesting that political theory is process of mediation between and amongst a diversity of elements that have no common measure.

표암(豹菴)의 「호가유금원기(扈駕遊禁苑記)」에 나타난 궁원 유람행사의 내용과 의미

본 연구의 목적은 표암의 "호가유금원기"에 담긴 궁원 유람행사의 내용과 의미를 밝히는 것이다. 본 연구의 방법은 사료에 담긴 내용과 의미를 고찰하고 해석하는 기술(description)적 연구방법이 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 왕이 친히 신하들에게 궁원을 안내하고 설명한 일을 기록한 "호가유금원기"는 한국의 조경문화사에 있어 매우 귀한 사료이다. 이러한 일은 중국은 물론 조선시대에도 전무후무한 일이다. 2. 특히 이 일을 기록한 사람이 당대에는 시 서 화 삼절로 이름이 높았고 후대에는 '예원(藝苑)의 총수(總帥)'로 평가받는 표암 강세황이라는 점은 이 사료의 가치를 더한다. 3. 이 유람 행사의 성격은 정조의 집권 초반기에 친정체제를 구축하기 위한 규장각의 완비, 왕의 위엄을 나타내는 어진 도사 등에 기여한 근신들의 노고를 치하하는 자리였다. 정조는 자신의 정치 이념을 실현하는데 공이 큰 근신들의 노고에 대한 은전을 베풀기 위해 궁중 내에 금단의 공간인 금원을 활용하였다. 4. 창덕궁 후원에 대한 유람 동선의 하나를 확인할 수 있었다. 후원을 유람하는 동선이 고정적이지는 않았으나 이것은 이날의 가을 정취를 즐기기 위해 정조가 의도적으로 선택한 최선의 유람 동선이었을 것이다. 5. 이 행사의 특징은 격식이 없고 다소 즉흥적인 '유람'이었다. 즉 정조 치세 중반 이후에 신하들에게 베푼 '상화어조연(賞花漁釣宴)'은 꽃구경과 낚시, 시 짓기 등 행사의 개최시기와 형식, 참가자격 등의 틀을 갖춘 궁중 '연회'였음에 비해 이날의 행사는 비교적 사적이고 자유로운 '놀이(遊)'였다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 관련 사료들의 고찰을 통해 "호가유금원기"를 쓴 전후 맥락을 비롯해 이에 담긴 내용과 의미를 고찰하였다는 의미가 있다. "호가유금원기"는 귀중한 문화콘텐츠로서 추후 궁원 관람에 있어 스토리텔링 자원으로서 활용 가능할 것이며 이에 대한 후속 연구가 필요할 것이다. This study aimed at investigating the content and meaning of royal garden(宮苑) sightseeing event in Pyoam Gang, sehwang's "Hogayugeumwongi" As the research method, descriptive research method was used, which is to consider and interpret the content and meaning in the historical records. Research results are summarized as follows. 1. "Hogayugeumwongi", which recorded the event that the King personally guided and explained the palace to the vassals, is a very precious historical records in Korean landscape gardening cultural history. Such thing is unprecedented in Joseon Dynasty as well as China. 2. The person who recorded this event was famous for shi seo hwa samjeol in the time, and the point that he was Pyoam, who was appreciated as 'the head(總帥) of artistic and literary circles(藝苑)', adds more value to the future generations. 3. The characteristic of this sightseeing event was to praise the vassals' labor, who contributed to the completion of Kyujanggak, to establish King Jongjo's direct rule in the early period of seizure of power, and eojin(御眞) dosa(圖寫), etc., which expressed the King's dignity. Jongjo utilized Geumwon, a forbidden place in the palace, to give a special privilege to the vassals' effort, who took a great part in realizing his political ideal. 4. One of sightseeing lines toward the backyard of Changdeok Palace could be identified. Though the sightseeing lines toward the backyard were not fixed, however this might be the best sightseeing line which Jongjo intentionally chose to enjoy that day's flavor of autumn. 5. The characteristic of this event was informal and somewhat extemporary 'sightseeing'. Therefore, it is considered, that day's event was relatively private and free 'play(遊)', while 'sanghwaeojoyeon(賞花漁釣宴)', which Jongjo gave to the vassals middle after his reign, was a royal 'banquet', which prepared frames, such as event holding time and form, qualification for participation, e.g. flower viewing, fishing, writing poems, etc. This research has a significance that it considered the content and meaning in historical records including the front and the rear context that "Hogayugeumwongi" was written through the consideration of related historical materials. "Hogayugeumwongi" can be utilized as a material for storytelling with regard to royal garden sightseeing in future as a valuable cultural content, also, follow-up study on this is necessary.

A National Science Fair: Exhibiting support for the knowledge economy

Student‐directed, open‐ended scientific investigations and invention projects may serve to deepen and broaden students’ scientific and technological literacy, and, in so doing, enable them to succeed in democracies greatly affected by processes and products of science and technology. Science fairs, events at which student‐led projects are evaluated and celebrated, could contribute to such positive personal and social outcomes. Qualitative data drawn from a national science fair over succeeding years indicate (after analyses of largely qualitative data, using constant comparative methods) that, apart from positive outcomes regarding science literacy, there may be some significant issues about the fair that warrant critical review. It is apparent from these studies that there are issues of access, image, and recruitment associated with the fair. Qualification for participation in the fair appears to favour students from advantaged, resource‐rich backgrounds. Although these students do benefit in a number of ways from the fair experience, it is apparent that science fairs also greatly benefit sponsors—who can, in a sense, use science fairs for promotional and recruitment purposes. These findings and claims raised, for us, some important questions possibly having implications for science education, and for society more generally.

Revisiting 1 Corinthians 11.27-34: Paul's Discussion of the Lord's Supper and African Meals

Most discussions on the Lord's Supper in 1 Corinthians have focused on individual behaviour rather than on the worshipping community as a whole. The result has been an emphasis on qualifications for participation and the need for self-examination by individual participants. But as this article tries to demonstrate, the main problem that Paul addresses in the passage is that of individualistic tendencies which have been manifested in various ways among the Corinthian community. As such, this article seeks to proffer an interpretation that seeks to recast the passage in its broader, corporate context by drawing on insights from particular aspects of African culture.

Integrated Organizational and Technological Development (OTD): The Orgtech - Project

Implementing tele-cooperation technology in engineering firms often requires restructuration of work processes strenghening flexibility. Inter-organizational networks need responsible cooperation partners in each organizational unit involved. This often requires a decentralization of decision making towards semi-autonomous tele-cooperation agents, an emerging role for engineers in small engineering firms. While the establishment of related educational modules supporting their qualification for participation and their establishment on the labour market are now high on the agenda, important help for enterprizes, in the mean time, can be offered by the redesigned implementation scheme of the OrgTech project which can be found on the project’s new CD-ROM.

The Adolescent Athlete

Qualifications for participation in athletics must be carefully considered in the pre-season medical evaluation. Some disqualifying conditions for specific activities are discussed. Physical maturity and “matching” are important considerations, as are personality and emotional health.