Qing Research Articles

Study on the Cross-cultural Acceptance and Influence of Dickens' Literary Works

This research is entitled "The Reception and Effect of Charles Dickens' Works in cross-cultural Communication", which can analyze the reception of Dickens' works in China and its deep penetration into Chinese society, culture and literature in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Focusing on the period from 1895 to 1915, when Western ideas flooded into the land of China, Dickens, one of the leading figures in Western literature, whose passages were translated into China, immediately triggered profound reverberations. This paper begins with an overview of the initial transformation of Dickens' works in the Chinese environment, and studies the translation methods, publication history, and the reaction and experience of the early readers. Further, by depicting the Chinese society from 1895 to 1915, it reveals how Dickens's works interwoven dialogue with the ideological changes in China at that time, especially insight into how the intellectual elite reflected on and challenged the established social structure with Diellet's words, and further promoted social changes. Then this study also focuses on the localization process of Dickens' works in the Chinese cultural circle, focusing on the reshaping of themes, the adaptation of literary techniques and narrative techniques, and the driving force of these variations on the evolution of modern Chinese literature. Finally, individual texts such as Oliver Twist and A Tale of Two Cities are analyzed to deepen the insight of illusion and innovation in cross-cultural communication. The conclusion shows that China's absorption of Dickens goes beyond mere literary transaction, and actually reflects the confrontation and fusion of the blend of Chinese and Western. These imported works not only broadened the Chinese people's vision of literature and art, but also boosted the modernization of Chinese society and brought new vitality to the prosperity of Chinese literature. This study contributes a new view into the Sino-English cultural intersection in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and also provides a valuable reference for further research on the acceptance and influence of cross-cultural literature.

Research on the Script of Huazhou “Tiaohuapeng"

The Huazhou Folk Dance "Tiaohuapeng" in Guangdong is a national intangible cultural heritage. During the Cultural Revolution, all the masks, costumes, props, and written materials for the performances were destroyed. Only a hand-copied script was preserved. This script was copied in the early 1950s by the artists based on the script from the Qing Dynasty and is a precious historical relic. This article analyzes and studies the origin, the characteristics of the script itself, and its cultural value.

Analysis of Regional Genres of Yu Opera and Its Musical Characteristics

Yu Opera was produced in the central part of China--Henan Province, which is mainly in plains and has a favorable climate, and has been an area with abundant produce and good economic development since ancient times, therefore, opera and music flourished here in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the most representative type of opera is Yu Opera, which is very popular in Henan Province, and has been spread to different places. In Henan Province, Yu opera is very popular and has been spread to different places, combining with different local music to form different genres of Yu opera and different musical features, each of which has its own characteristics and has been developed to different degrees, this paper will take this as the basis to analyze the genres of Yu opera music and its musical features.

The Development of Yunnan “New Folk Songs”

Background and Aim: This study investigates the evolution of the “New Folk Song” in Yunnan and analyzes how historical, cultural, and social changes have influenced their development. Yunnan folk songs are a cultural product with local characteristics and close to the development of the working people in Yunnan that is close to the people's daily life. The "New Folk Songs" of Yunnan is a musical form combining “nation” and “modern” innovation. In the process of development, it is constantly endowed with new definitions and connotations and presents the situation of diversified development. Due to the special historical and social environment of Yunnan, a large number of “New Folk Songs” with rich themes and excellent quality have emerged in Yunnan during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the Revolutionary War, the “Cultural Revolution”, and the era of peace and development in recent years. The results show that Yunnan's “New Folk Songs” evolved through the integration of modern and traditional elements, reflecting the unique social and cultural dynamics of Yunnan over the past hundred years. To study the development of “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan, this study is not only a record of musical life in different periods, but also the development trajectory of different musical works in Yunnan across the century, but also a study of the development history of music creation in Yunnan. Materials and Methods: This Article aimed to study related literature to find out the development of Yunnan's “New Folk Songs”. The instrument for collecting data was documentary research. Relevant journals, academic papers, books, magazines, and online information related to the development of Yunnan's “New Folk Songs” are reviewed and organized. From the perspective of creation and music ontology, the style characteristics and creation characteristics of Yunnan "new folk songs" in different periods are analyzed, to explore the development of Yunnan “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan. Results: Throughout the development of “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan, its creation characteristics are contemporary, national, and regional; music works have the style characteristics of Yunnan minority elements. This paper will analyze and study the above characteristics in depth. This study is beneficial to improve the reader's understanding of Yunnan's “New Folk Songs” and understanding, through the development of “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan, to explore the development prospect of “New Folk Songs”, Yunnan for music workers can provide certain reference and reference, also for the Yunnan “New Folk Songs” and singing practice, teaching practice provides reference way, also further promote Yunnan traditional folk song inheritance and the sustainable development of “New Folk Songs”. At the same time, through this study, it is hoped to help the exploration of Yunnan's “New Folk Songs” style, and also to promote the inheritance of the existing Yunnan traditional folk music culture and establish awareness of the exploration and protection of Yunnan local music materials. Conclusion: The development of “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan is reflected in the creative characteristics and style characteristics changing with the changes of the times. The social environment, economic situation, and policy system of a country in an era will often affect the artistic creation of the creators with subjective or objective factors. Therefore, In this paper, the horizontal melody and vertical harmonic layout of music works in the budding period of Yunnan “New Folk Songs” (The Late Qing Dynasty and The Early Republic of China), The War Period (1931-1949), The 17th years of the Founding of the People's Republic of China (1949-1966), The Ten Years of the “Cultural Revolution” (1966-1976), and The Innovation and Development period (1978-2020), Relying on the musical activities in various historical periods, Analyzing the common and personalized creation characteristics of creators and the formation process of Yunnan local ethnic creation concept. Thus, the different purposes of creation, the different contents of the times, the different style characteristics, the different forms of expression, and then to understand the development of “New Folk Songs” in Yunnan.

Knowledge Dissemination and Social Functions: The Multiple Roles of Shanghai Libraries in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

This study focuses on the multi-dimensional function of Shanghai libraries in academic exchange and social functions from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Through the analysis of the social dynamic changes of Shanghai in this historical period, the first thing is to outline the social evolution of the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and reveal the role of Shanghai as an important city in China. Then, the paper reviews the development of Shanghai Libraries since its establishment in detail, and emphasizes its cornerstone position in the collection, storage and cataloguing of document resources, especially its effectiveness in promoting the popularization of national education and promoting international cultural communication. In addition, the paper further discusses its function as a public place for leisure study, as well as its role in promoting social enlightenment and urban historical and cultural inheritance. By reflecting on the function and limitation of Shanghai Libraries in the historical moment and evaluating it from a fair and impartial perspective, this can provide historical reference for the construction and forward-looking planning of modern libraries. To sum up, Shanghai Libraries plays a key role in the central zone of knowledge circulation. In fact, it is a cultural institution that drives social innovation. In the long river from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, its historical position is irreplaceable.

The Role of the North-China Herald in the Anti-Tax Activities of British Businessmen in Shanghai, 1850-1854

Leveraging historical records from the North-China Herald alongside British Parliamentary archives and correspondence from key stakeholders, this article delves into the publication’s influence during the period of the “Shanghai Insurgents (1853-1855, i.e., from Qing Heen-Fung 3rd to 5th year).” Specifically, it investigates the North-China Herald’s involvement in the advocacy efforts of British merchants in Shanghai against taxation policies amid the backdrop of the conflict. Analysis reveals a notable shift: preceding the “Shanghai Insurgents,” British merchants voiced dissent against Qing government tax policies through the North-China Herald; post-war, the newspaper actively championed the grievances of British traders in Shanghai, amplifying their concerns through extensive coverage and commentary. Ultimately, the establishment of the “Office of Inspector of Chinese Customs” marked a significant triumph for the anti-tax activities led by British businessmen in Shanghai, with the North-China Herald in shaping public opinion and influencing policy outcomes.

The Influence of “Using the Temple Property for Schools” Movement on the Organization of Han Buddhist Monastic Education in Modern China

Under the influence of “Using the Temple Property for Schools”(UTPSs) movement, the monastic education of Han Buddhism 漢傳佛教僧教育 in modern China, as a whole, has gradually moved towards the mode of Buddhist colleges, through the establishment of the Buddhist Educational Affairs Public Office (BEAPO) 佛教學務公所, the Institution of Monastic Education (IME) 僧教育會, and the institution of Buddhist education 佛教教育機構 with international outlook and has become the prototype of the educational institution of Han Buddhism in contemporary China. The attempts to run schools during the period of the BEAPO at the late Qing Dynasty objectively stimulated the awakening of the consciousness of the Buddhist community to establish schools and to promote education 辦學興教 and became the precursor of the rise of the wave of monastic education after the Xinhai Revolution, especially since the 1920s. The goal of “uniting the national Buddhism” proposed by the BEAPO became the direction for the development of subsequent Buddhist organizations. The BEAPO also accumulated experiences for the construction of later Buddhist organizations and stimulated the awakening of the monks’ sense of subjectivity. The organizational structure and many ideas of the BEAPO were later inherited by the IME; most of the contents of the constitution of it were also inherited and improved by the IME. As a Buddhist organization, the BEAPO made positive efforts to reconcile the tensions between monks and laypeople under the context of UTPS at that time. After the Xinhai Revolution, the Han Buddhist community focused on interacting with secular society, and the practice of Buddhist education reflected the awakening of self-consciousness to “establish schools to promote education”. In terms of the school operation mode, the diversified curriculum and modernized academic system reflect the characteristic of a balance between internal and external studies. During this period, the establishment of Buddhist educational institutions with an international outlook provided a guarantee of talent for the path of the “universalization” of Han Buddhism, as well as provided continuity for the sustainable development of it. Under the influence of the two UTPS movements, the tortuous development of Han Buddhist monastic education in modern China is, in fact, the epitome of the situation of the whole Chinese Buddhism in modern society. At the same time, it also reflects the proactive adaptation of Chinese Buddhism, in modern times, to external pressures and its self-remodeling in the struggle for survival space.

Gravity’s eastern voyage: the introduction, transmission, and impact of Newtonian mechanics in late imperial China (1727–1912)

This study traces the intricate journey of Newtonian mechanics in Qing China from 1727 to 1912, elucidating the complex interplay of science, religion and politics in cross-cultural knowledge exchange. Initially introduced by Jesuit missionaries through lunar theory in calendrical reform, followed by cometary and heliocentric concepts, the dissemination of Newtonian mechanics gained momentum after the Opium Wars (1839–1842). Subsequently, Protestant missionaries and Chinese scholars collaborated to translate and propagate Newton’s laws of gravitation and motion, often contextualized within natural theology, through Western texts, popular science literature, and periodicals. This process culminated in the integration of Newtonian principles into national educational curricula in the early twentieth century. Significantly, Newtonian mechanics transcended its scientific realm, infiltrating political discourse as reformist thinkers leveraged mechanical terminology to advocate for sociopolitical change. This historical episode illustrates how the assimilation of Newtonian mechanics was influenced by missionary approaches, indigenous intellectual traditions, pragmatic national interests, and the tumultuous political landscape of Late Qing. By challenging Eurocentric narratives and highlighting Chinese agency in adapting Western knowledge, this study contributes to a more inclusive history of Newtonian science, offering a nuanced perspective on global scientific circulation.

THE ROLE OF THE GREAT SILK ROAD AND THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE AND CENTRAL ASIAN CIVILIZATIONS

This article reveals the role of the Great Silk Road and the historical development of Chinese and Central Asian civilization. Including the role of the formation and development of the Great Silk Road in the history of China, in particular, the efforts to develop this trade route during the Qin, Han, Ming and Qing dynasties. ‎

Exploration of the rules for the use of organic additives in the mortar of the Forbidden city

The Forbidden City exemplifies the official architecture of the Ming (C.E. 1368–1644) and Qing (C.E. 1644–1911) dynasties in China. The buildings within the Forbidden City adhere to a specific construction system and hierarchy. This study examined the organic additives in eighty-three lime mortar samples collected from the Forbidden City. These mortar samples were categorised into two main groups: garden mortar and construction mortar. The construction mortar was further subdivided into masonry, rendering, tile roof, and pointing mortars. Classical chemical analysis was performed to identify organic residues in the samples, including glutinous rice, sugar, oil, blood, and protein. Additionally, ovalbumin, casein, collagen, and peach gum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results confirmed historical records regarding to the use of organic additives in ancient mortars. Statistical analysis revealed that the organic additives added to different types of mortars were selected according to the location and function of the mortar. This evidence supports the validity of traditional Chinese composite mortar scientifically. Ancient Chinese artisans adhered to rules aimed at practicality and functional realisation when selecting organic additives.

The propagation paths of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties

According to historical analysis and textual interpretation, the propagation of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties was closely related to Matteo Ricci. When entering China, Ricci put forward the ‘Theory of Buddhist-Daoist Plagiarism’, asserting that Buddhism and Taoism had plagiarised the Catholic doctrine on the triune God. As for Confucianism, he pointed out that the ancient Confucian classics did not contain the doctrine of the Trinity, which he attributed to various facters, leading to what may be termed the ‘Confucian Absence Theory’. Matteo Ricci’s interpretations and propositions regarding the Chinese Trinity paved the way for the ‘Yi-Fo School’, the ‘Bu-Ru School’ and the Figurism, which emerged during the dissemination of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The ‘Yi-Fo School’ advocated replacing the Buddhist Trinity with the Catholic Trinity to complement the perceived absence in Confucianism, thus forming the ‘Bu-Ru School’. In contrast, Figurism advocated for use of Chinese characters and texts as clues to uncover the missing Trinity in Confucian classics. Regarding Matteo Ricci’s viewpoints and the above three paths, Buddhism of that era believed that Catholicism had plagiarised the Buddhist doctrine of the Trinity, and modern Chinese scholars also argued that the views of the Figurism were overly far-fetched. These paths placed the Trinitarian doctrines of Catholicism, Buddhism and Daoism in a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural comparative framework, underscoring the methodological significance of exchanges and mutual learning among civilisations.Contribution: This article examines the nexus between Matteo Ricci and the propagation of the Catholic doctrine of the Trinity in the Ming and Qing dynasties. It also investigates the evolution of three distinct pathway for this doctrinal propagation and assesses the Chinese Populace’s reactions, as well as the interplay of their discourses.

Silk road heritage: The artistic representation of port trading culture in the images of characters in Qing Dynasty Guangzhou export paintings.

As customized artistic commodities, export paintings mirrored Guangzhou's unique overseas trade culture and social power in a microscopic view, nevertheless, few researchers have delved into the cultural relationship between the use of the painting techniques and the characters of the export paintings. Based on an iconographic approach, this article aims to analyze the historical iconography information of the Qing dynasty export paintings from the perspective of the trade development and cultural exchange between the East and West during the 18th century by the study of the export paintings' characters expressions and costumes colors, providing insights into the exploration of the value of tangible cultural heritage. In the process of our research, shows that: 1) the dominant laboring characters in the export paintings present standing postures, and most of them demonstrate negative emotions; 2) many of the characters of the export paintings show high similarities due to the assembly-line mode of painting during manufacture; 3) the portrayal of the characters in the export paintings reflects a return of a sense of humanity. This is evident in the fact that the subject of the paintings abounds in the scenes showing local folklore, working views, and daily life in Guangzhou. Meanwhile, the characters in the painting are vividly portrayed in a realistic style. The use of mixed colors on the costumes of different characters reflects a universal value of having regard for the equality of all men; 4) Guangzhou export painting decorative art evolution of the development of the dual development of Chinese and Western fusion of veins. Guangzhou export paintings of the Qing dynasty satisfied the customers' reverie for 'Oriental Civilization' and their purpose of seeking novelty of foreign cultures. It also revealed the subtle dynamics of the interplay between Guangzhou's social power, trading capital, and blending art.

최한기 『기측체의(氣測體義)』 음악관 연구

This study aims to examine musical views of the 19th-century thinker and philosopher Choe Han-gi through two parts “Singitong”(神氣通) and “Chucheukrock” (推測錄) of Gicheukcheui (氣測體義). To this end, contents of Volumes I and II of “Singitong” and Volume II and VI of “Chucheukrock” have been analyzed to consider his thoughts on music. In “Singitong”, Choi Han-gi accepted the concept of gas from Western modern science and emphasized that we should understand the principles of sound and vocal sounds through the gi (氣, generally translated as energy or strength) of physical objects, and that we should be able to distinguish the clarity and length of vocal sounds through experience. In addition, in “Chucheukrok”, he presented a theory of enlightenment through music based on the gi of the Eastern thought; his theory of enlightenment was a combination of the gi of Western science and the gi of Eastern thought. He emphasized that in order for education through rites and music to be carried out well, music that harmonized well with the sounds composed of the gi was necessary, and this should be played with the instruments made from eight materials that examined each temperament well. He suggested that if such music was communicated to the people, the ruler would be able to govern the people well. In addition, Choi Han-gi, who emphasized the practicality of learning, criticized the traditional theory of music that combined with ideology and believed that music could be used practically if it was notated with Western keys and notes. Choi Han-gi's music theory arose in the trend of the times when various perceptions were formed due to Western studies and ideas imported through the Qing Dynasty in the 19th century. It is significant in that it was intended to present a way to combine Western and traditional knowledge to be used in real society and music.

From Chinggisid to Modern State: Geopolitics and Sovereignty in Central Eurasia during the 17th and 18th Centuries

The decline of the Mongol Empire and its successor states led to anarchy in Central Eurasia from the 16th to the 18th centuries. This era saw the fall of the Timurids and the Ming Dynasty and the rise of new regional powers, including the Kazakhs and Zunggars in Central Asia. Externally, the Manchus, and Russia began influencing Central Asian geopolitics. Meanwhile, significant political, cultural, and scientific developments were taking place in Europe, alongside the rise of colonialism. Although these trends in Europe began to affect Central Asia, the regional powers of the time focused more on European technological innovations than on ideas of sovereignty and statehood. With the acceleration of political and culturalinteractions between the East and the West, mapping and related innovations reached Central Asia and soon became symbols of political hegemony. This strategy, adopted by China’s Ming and Manchu Qing dynasties and Russia, was efficiently utilized in the struggle for dominance in Central Asia. This article examines the last attempts of the regional Kazakh and Zunggar polities as independent states to become the hegemon power in the region within the framework of the role of mapping in Russian and Manchu colonial advances, which has not been sufficiently studied yet. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study employs historical methodologies, as well as international relations terminologies and theoretical frameworks.

Spatiotemporal distribution of toponymic cultural heritage in Jiangsu Province and its historical and geographical influencing factors

As a typical intangible cultural heritage, Toponymic Cultural Heritage (TCH) is rich in geographic information and semantic and physical connotations. In the context of the heritage conservation era, it is highly important to study the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of toponymic cultural heritage and explore its historical and geographic influencing factors on the sustainable conservation and development of toponymic cultural heritage. However, most existing studies focus on the toponym cultural landscape, and less attention has been given to TCH. Therefore, on the basis of the data of 357 provincial TCH items in Jiangsu Province, this study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and historical–geographical influencing factors of the TCH by using geospatial analysis methods, such as the average nearest neighbor, tyson polygon, kernel density estimation, standard deviational ellipse, and superposition coupling analysis, and proposed several strategies for adaptive reuse of TCH. The results show that (1) the TCHs of Jiangsu Province have a spatial distribution characteristic of "sparse in the north, scattered in the middle and dense in the south" and form a high-density agglomeration around the southern part of Jiangsu Province. In the distribution of cultural districts, the Jinling cultural district, the Wu cultural district, and the Huaiyang cultural district have the largest number of TCHs. (2) From the Pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, TCHs, such as Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, and Suzhou, tended to merge in the southern part of Jiangsu. (3) In terms of type, the roads, streets and alleys of TCHs are the richest, and all types of TCHs are spatially clustered in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, which has a high level of urbanization, industrialization, and a superior geographic environment. (4) TCHs have spatial tendencies toward low altitudes and hydrophilicity, and relatively favorable natural geographical conditions provide a high-quality environment for TCHs in southern Jiangsu Province. Influenced by historical, humanistic, and geographical factors, TCH is unevenly developed spatially. As a historical population concentration area, an important political, economic, and cultural core area, and a center of gravity for cultural development, more TCH resources have survived in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. This study provides a new perspective for interpreting and recognizing TCH as a special intangible cultural heritage and can provide a reference for the sustainable conservation and development of TCH.

The Capital Region in the Unfinished Taiping War

Abstract In 1853, a Taiping army infiltrated North China, threatening Beijing and the Qing dynasty itself. Though this army never reached Beijing, its northern siege had acute and lasting impacts on communities in the capital region (jifu 畿輔). Attention to the capital region invites reflection on the temporality and strategic nature of commemoration. Focusing on Cangzhou 滄州, I examine how capital region communities memorialized the northern chapter of the Taiping Civil War, even as for the rest of the empire, the war remained unfinished until 1864. In gazetteers, private histories, and commemorative records, local authors reframed ambiguous realities to write their localities into a story of northern victory, regardless of the fate of the south. The timeline for commemoration in Cangzhou was interrupted, not seamless, and took place over decades. Initially addressed to Beijing and elites along the Grand Canal, Cangzhou's commemorative project was later brought into the orbit of ascendant Tianjin.

The Pragmatic Way: Managing the Streets in Qing Beijing

Drawing upon scholarship from the study of space, social history, and urban history, this article examines the institutional development of street management in Beijing during Qing dynasty (1644-1911). Based on archival sources and private writings about Qing Beijing, this article argues that while the Qing state prescribed a segregated spatial order onto its capital city of Beijing, the practices on the streets were ultimately determined by the constant battle between stagnation and flow. In maintaining the living environment of its imperial capital, Beijing, the Qing state recognized different needs, physically, financially, politically, and administratively, of different people residing and operating in the same urban space. Anchored on an urban history of street management, this article further connects the street concerns to more significant issues about managing the space in the empire and the implications of different priorities for the empire.

Unequal Treaty in Practice: A Story about Article 23 of the Treaty of Tientsin

Abstract Despite the wealth of research on cross-border activities between China proper and Hong Kong, little has been discussed about the ‘civil fugitives’ who fled from one side to the other during Hong Kong’s early colonial period. Chinese debtors who absconded to China created jurisdictional problems for Hong Kong. The addition of Article 23 in the Treaty of Tientsin was an attempt to solve this issue, and this article explores what the discussions on Article 23, particularly those from 1905 to 1907 among British colonial officials and diplomatic agents, reveal about the characteristics of colonial jurisdiction under international law. In this case, colonial jurisdiction was limited solely to the territory of Hong Kong. Proposals to amend Article 23 attempted to remove the territorial barrier and establish personal jurisdiction for the colonial government in Hong Kong, similar to extraterritorial rights in Qing China.

Study on digital textile information and 3D virtual simulation of Chinese Qing Dynasty Lu-silk Apron

The Qing Dynasty Lu-silk Apron in the Shanxi Folk Museum is a representative example of the traditional Chinese Apron, with profound cultural and aesthetic connotations regarding pattern type, colour application, and process techniques. Nevertheless, a minimal survey has been done on the Qing Dynasty Lu-silk Apron. The study aimed to discuss the exquisite textile techniques and artistic features of the Qing Dynasty Lu-silk Apron and analyse the social system, humanistic sentiment, cultural symbolism, and intelligent thinking at multiple levels through style types, size analysis, colour interpretation, pattern expression techniques, and skill production. In this article, we also used the popular simulation technology to restore the Qing Dynasty Lu-silk Apron and provide a new way and path to study other ancient costumes.

Translating official documents: an art of governance by translation in the Qing dynasty

State governance is, in many ways, a discursive practice that relies on the creation, translation, and transmission of governance-oriented texts. The act of governance by translation typically occurs in multi-ethnic, multilingual, and unified political contexts. When translation adheres to established patterns and effective regimes, it forms a governance technique known as “translation governmentality.” In the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), confronted with the challenge of governing a vast territory with diverse ethnic groups speaking different languages, the Qing authorities prioritized the translation of official documents to implement this translation governmentality. Despite its significance, a comprehensive overview of official document translation in the Qing dynasty within the framework of governance by translation has not received sufficient attention. This study employs documentary analysis to understand the historical contexts of official document translations, interpret the motivations behind these translations, and reconstruct the organized regimes of translation practices in the Qing period. The findings reveal that the Qing dynasty developed a relatively organized and mature translation regime for official documents by establishing translation agencies, appointing specialized translation officials, and adopting multilingual translation modes. This governance-oriented translation regime effectively shaped the core concepts, institutional systems, and organizational mechanisms of state governance in the Qing dynasty. Additionally, it contributed to establishing the legitimacy of state governance during that era.