Lake Qarun Research Articles

Liver Enzyme Activity of Tilapia zillii and Mugil capito Collected Seasonally from Qarun Lake, Egypt

Lake Qarun is an inland closed basin, located about 80 Kms south west of Cairo. It suffers from a serious water pollution problem which is due to uncontrolled solid and liquid domestic, in addition to agrochemical contamination and lack of sustainable wastewater management. The present study aimed to follow up the changes in the activities of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) in fish (T. zillii and M. capito) Collected from different sites (east, middle and west) of the lake in four seasons. The results showed that in the two fish species at the studied sites, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the liver showed decreased values in comparison with the control fish samples collected from unpolluted site (fish farm) with percentage ranged between 10.86%-45.56%. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the liver decreased significantly in comparison with the control fish samples with percentage ranged between 10.23%-54.07%. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the liver decreased in comparison with the control fish samples with percentage ranged between 16.34%-49.54%.

Effect of Frozen Storage on the Chemical Composition of Sand Smelt (Atherina hepsetus) Fish Burger and Finger

Sand smelt fish (Atherina hepsetus) one of the low economic fish and unacceptable from consumers in Qarun lake, Egypt. Sand smelt fish burger and finger made from sand smelt fish with soybean flour (SF) and minced boiled potatoes (MBP) to improve the economic value for fish. Changes in proximate composition of sand smelt fish products during frozen storage were determined. Chemical analysis indicated that moisture, protein and fat contents of burger and fingers samples gradually decreased during frozen storage period while ash and carbohydrate contents increased during frozen storage. No considerable changes in cooking loss could be observed in the early stages of frozen storage. Meanwhile, as the storage period prolonged, cooking loss values increased. The filling materials SF and MBP used in the production of fish products showed an observed effect in maintaining the chemical composition of the products for 90 days of frozen storage. It can be concluded that sand smelt fish products opening an opportunity for this good nutritious protein source to be used as a daily food.

Water quality assessment of Qarun Lake and heavy metals decontamination from its drains using nanocomposites

Qarun Lake is one of the most important lakes in Egypt; it is the shrunken remnant of Moeris Lake. It is a closed ecosystem represented as a tank for discharged agricultural wastewater of El-Fayoum province. To assess the quality of the lake water for fishing and aquatic live utilization, Oregon water quality and metal pollution indices are computed. Based on the obtained results, water of the Qarun Lake is classified as very poor for the fishing utilization, where water quality index changed from 17.05 to 67.4 at the different stations. The metal indices; Pollution index (PI) and metal index (MI); showed that Qarun Lake water undergoes from a several grade of contamination for usage of aquatic life because of the enormous amount of wastes that discharging into the lake. Novel synthesized alginate nanocomposites (alginate, chitosan-alginate, and LDH-alginate and LDH-chitosan-alginate beads) were applied to remove heavy metal such as (Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr6+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) from different wastewater discharging into Qarun Lake. LDH-chitosan-alginate beads the exhibited the maximum removal efficiency that varied between 92.253 and 98.833 % for Cr6+ and Fe2+, respectively; in contrast, the alginate beads recorded the lowest one. The study indicated that the nanocomposite adsorbents, especially, LDH-chitosan-alginate beads are an effective substance for metal removal from different wastewater.

Phytoplankton blooming in Lake Qarun in relation to chlorophyll a measured by fluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques

Phytoplankton blooming in Lake Qarun in relation to chlorophyll a measured by fluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques

Monitor of Water Quality Using The Grey Mullet (Mugil Cephalus) as Bioindicator in Two Egyptian Lakes

Background-Burullus Lake has brackish water and agricultural, industrial and sewage drainage water represent the major inflows and it represents one of the most subjected lakes to serious pollutants at the delta’s coastline. Mugil cephalus is one of the most important food fish species for the Egyptian people. This study was conducted to explain the effect of water pollution of both Qarun and Burullus Lakes on some biochemical and histological characteristics of mullet collected from both Lakes. Our results showed that water collected from Burullus Lake has higher levels of lead and cadmium than Qarun Lake. The liver function analysis showed that there were no significant differences between levels of GGT in M. cephalus livers collected from both Lakes. ALT and AST were significantly increased in livers of fishes collected from Qarun Lake than Burullus Lake, cholesterol, triglycerides, RF1, RF2, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in muscles of the mullet collected from Burullus Lake were highly significant increase, while total proteins were significantly decreased in comparison with mullet of Qarun Lake. Histopathological investigations revealed that livers of mullet cached from both Lakes were suffered from marked area of hemorrhage, aggregates of hemosiderin granules and vacuolated hepatocytes. Ultrastructural observation showed degenerated and swelled cylindrical mitochondria in liver obtained from Burullus Lake with accumulation of lipid droplets and degenerated cytoplasmic organoids. Hepatocyte from Qarun Lake showed apoptotic nuclei, degenerated, swelled and cylindrical mitochondria, lipid droplets and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Von Kupffer cells in liver of both lakes contained abundant lysosomes with corrugated walls and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. The kidney sections of mullet of both Lakes showed necrosis in the tubular epithelial lining with scattered apoptotic cells and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate.

Monitor of Water Quality Using The Grey Mullet (Mugil Cephalus) as Bioindicator in Two Egyptian Lakes

Background-Burullus Lake has brackish water and agricultural, industrial and sewage drainage water represent the major inflows and it represents one of the most subjected lakes to serious pollutants at the delta’s coastline. Mugil cephalus is one of the most important food fish species for the Egyptian people. This study was conducted to explain the effect of water pollution of both Qarun and Burullus Lakes on some biochemical and histological characteristics of mullet collected from both Lakes. Our results showed that water collected from Burullus Lake has higher levels of lead and cadmium than Qarun Lake. The liver function analysis showed that there were no significant differences between levels of GGT in M. cephalus livers collected from both Lakes. ALT and AST were significantly increased in livers of fishes collected from Qarun Lake than Burullus Lake, cholesterol, triglycerides, RF1, RF2, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in muscles of the mullet collected from Burullus Lake were highly significant increase, while total proteins were significantly decreased in comparison with mullet of Qarun Lake. Histopathological investigations revealed that livers of mullet cached from both Lakes were suffered from marked area of hemorrhage, aggregates of hemosiderin granules and vacuolated hepatocytes. Ultrastructural observation showed degenerated and swelled cylindrical mitochondria in liver obtained from Burullus Lake with accumulation of lipid droplets and degenerated cytoplasmic organoids. Hepatocyte from Qarun Lake showed apoptotic nuclei, degenerated, swelled and cylindrical mitochondria, lipid droplets and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Von Kupffer cells in liver of both lakes contained abundant lysosomes with corrugated walls and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. The kidney sections of mullet of both Lakes showed necrosis in the tubular epithelial lining with scattered apoptotic cells and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN QARUN LAKE

To assess water quality of Qarun lake, forty-six of lake water samples were collected during the period from 2014 to 2015. Value of pH of Qarun lake ranged from 8.22 to 8.32. Value of alkalinity ranged from 9.8 to 33.4 ppm. ECw values ranged from 26.5 to 40.99 dS.m-1. Qarun lake contained the soluble cations in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+. The SAR of the studied water in Qarun lake ranged from 274 to 400with a mean value of 337. The highest value of SAR occurred in season 2015 while the lowest one was in 2014. The hardiness value of Qarun lake ranged from 602 to 1567ppm. The COD values were higher than that of ECP501,2015. they ranged from 1168 to 1293 ppm. Different macro and micronutrients were more than the permissible limits. Water Quality Index (WQI) was applied using ten parameters of water quality (pH, Chloride, Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Iron (Fe), Phosphate (PO4-3), Chromium (Cr), Boron (B), Hardiness, Ammonium and Nitrate ). The results indicated that water quality of Qarun lake decayed from the year 2014 to 2015 and could be categorized into Unsuitable class. The effect of anthropogenic activities was obvious on some parameters such as nitrate and ammonium. Monitoring the water quality of Qaroun lake is necessary for proper management.

DIFFERENT POLLUTANT MONITORING IN QARUN LAKE

The presence of pollutants in the lakes considers the most common problem facing consumers. So, the aim of this study was to monitor the physiochemical, bacteriological properties of Qarun lake. It is a closed saline lake in the northern part of El-Fayoum Depression (Middle Egypt) at the margin of the Great Western Desert. During the 20th century, lake water salinity has increased strongly as a result of high evaporation rate. Also fish productivity decreased strongly. It receives agricultural and domestic non-treated drainage waters, which are also used for aquaculture in Qarun area. The study aimed to know the state of the lake and monitored the effect of agricultural drainages and domestic on the concentration of pollutants. The Physiochemical, bacteriological and some heavy metals monitored during the summer of 2017 to compare it with the previous results of the lake. The study proved that the lake suffering pollution by heavy metals as Cd (0.0034mg/l), Zn (1.091mg/l) at Al-Bats drain, NH3 (0.58 mg/l),PO4-3(1.38mg/l),COD (292mg/l) and BOD (71mg/l) at Al-Wadi drain. Therefore, it is necessary to put an environmental policy to control this pollution.

Infestation Study of Livoneca redmanii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on Mugil cephalus in Lake Qarun, Egypt

The present study deals with the infestation study of Livoneca redmanii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on Mugil cephalus in Lake Qarun, Egypt. Out of 576 examined fish collected monthly from the different localities of Lake Qarun during the period (January - December, 2016) there are 269 (46.7 %) fish were infested by crustacean parasite. Results showed that the highest infestation percentage in Mugil cephalus was 76.20 % recorded in February and the lowest one occurred in January (19.40 %). Generally, the infestation percentage in male fishes is lower than those in females being, 34.6 % and 65.4 % respectively. In case of males the highest infestation percentage occurred in July being, 65.5 %, while in case of females the highest percentage was 72.1 % in March. The isopod parasite, Livoneca redmanii, preferred medium size fish (14-17 cm) with infestation percentage 70.64 % and fishes that had weight ranged between 12 g and 14 g with infestation percentage being, 78.82 %. Also, this parasitic isopodinfected gill bilateral and/or unilateral infection per hosted fish with percentage being 98.1 %. The main clinical signs in infected fishes appeared in slow swimming at the water surface, extensive mucus secretion, increased opercula movement and some fishes aggregated on the surface and accumulated at the fresh water inlet. Examination of post mortem lesions revealed that presence of ulcer and erosion blew the gills at the site of parasite and skin abnormalities such as skin ulcers, scale-less and discoloration. Histopathological examination of infected gills showed hyperplasia of epithelial cells in gill filament. Hyperplasia of lamellar epithelium and mucous secreting cells tend to be confusion between secondary gill lamellae, lifting of secondary lamellaeand congested blood vessels were also noticed. It is now clear that cymothoid isopod, Livoneca redmanii was causes economic loss associated with reduced fish growth, high mortality and marked drop in fish production from Lake Qarun.

How convincing is the evidence that changing agricultural land cover has affected water salinity in Lake Qarun?

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the extent to which changing agricultural cover has affected water salinity in Lake Qarun, Egypt. A review of literature has been carried out to evaluate the extent to which agricultural land cover can be linked to increased salinization of lacustrine environments. A decision tree classifier approach is carried out to map land cover, and combined with salinity measurement derived through the use of the Water Absorption Salinity Index (WASI) to ascertain a quantitative association between land cover and water salinity. The results show a strong relationship between agricultural land cover and salinity at 92.7% significance level and urban land cover is associated with salinity at 81.2% significance level. The approach used in this study can be useful to monitor and assess the causality of change in saline lake environments and the accuracy may increase with improved technology.

Three Strigeid cercariae from Littorina littorea snail, Qarun Lake, Fayoum, Egypt.

Aim:The present study aims to focus on the role of common marine snails (Littorina littorea) as a vector for some trematode parasites.Materials and Methods:A total of 327 marine water L. littorea snails were collected during the summer of 2016 from a Qarun lake in the EL-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. The snails were investigated for infection by trematode parthenitae through induction of cercarial shedding by exposure to light and crushing the snails. The species were stored in Search Laboratory of Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University.Results:Three species of Strigeid littorina cercaria were identified from the infected snails. They are described here and they identified in relation to close-up morphological features and linked to its snail hosts. They give the following names: Cercaria strigeid littorina type 1, C. strigeid littorina type 2, and C. strigeid littorina type 3. The incidence of infection by these cercariae was 33%, 25.7%, and 2.4%, respectively.Conclusion:This study is clarifying the importance of this marine snail as intermediate hosts for new trematode species.

Deviations in the biochemical structure of some macroalgal species and their relation to the environmental conditions in Qarun Lake, Egypt

Variations in the biochemical structure of seven macroalgal species, belonging to different families were investigated along with subsequent analysis of relevant water physico-chemical parameters. Samples were collected from different sites along the Egyptian Qarun Lake during spring of 2017. The relationship between the macroalgal components and ambient water parameters was studied. The results indicated that the macroalgal components differed according to plant species and spatial variations. The green macroalgae species Ulva fasciata was recorded at site 5. It was found to have the highest protein (20.66 ± 0.04%), DCP (15.67 ± 0.04%), P/NFE (0.65 ± 0.01%), P/EV 7.65 ± 0.03 mg crude protein/K cal GE and nitrogen contents (3.31 ± 0.01%). However Cladophora laetevirens collected from site7, had the highest lipid, ME, EV and K contents (3.64 ± 0.00%, 3.25 ± 0.00%, 3.99 ± 0.00 K cal/g and 0.40 ± 0.0%, respectively). Mougeotia genuflexa from site 4, had the highest ash content (53.58 ± 0.08%). Gracilaria corticata from site 6, had the highest NFE and OM contents (76.26 ± 0.15 and 89.68 ± 0.04% respectively) and Enteromorpha intestinalis collected from site 2 had the highest P/L value (11.71 ± 0.02%). Statistical analysis (CCA) showed that some environmental variables such as temperature, NO3, pH, COD and transparency had a strong effect on the macroalgal components and were considered as the most important water variables. While others such as DO, SiO3, NO2 and PO4, exhibited a weak correlation. The present study demonstrates differential response of the macroalgal components to the environmental variables. In addition to the importance of these macroalgal species as a balanced artificial fish and animal feeds, particularly Ulva fasciata, which have the highest nutritional components.

Changes in quality attributes of sand smelt (Atherina hepsetus) fish burger and finger during frozen storage.

The present investigation has been carried out with the objectives study the effect of frozen storage on quality attributes of fish burger and fingers were made from sand smelt (bassaria) (Atherina hepsetus) with substitution levels from soybean flour and minced potato. Sand smelt has found in Qarun Lake by unaccepted from consumers. The physicochemical and microbiological analysis was carried on raw products immediately after processing and during frozen storage.Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVBN), Trimethylamine (TMA), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) and pH values of sand smelt fish products showed significant increase during frozen storage for 3 months except pH value. Quality attributes parameters values of control samples were higher than those with substitution levels by soybean flour and minced potato. Sand smelt fish burger and finger made from sand smelt fish maintained on their good quality parameters until end of storage period.

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages as bio-indicators of metals contamination in sediments, Qarun Lake as a case study, Egypt

Qarun Lake, in the Fayoum Depression of the Western Desert of Egypt, lies within the deepest area in the River Nile flood plain. The drainage water in the Qarun Lake is derived from the discharge of the natural and artificial drainage systems in the Fayoum. Mixed domestic and agricultural pollutants, including heavy metals, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates and pesticides, are discharged into Qarun Lake. Forty-six samples, collected from the undisturbed layer of sediments were used for benthic foraminiferal analysis. Concentrations of some selected trace metal elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn) were also determined. Statistical analysis of the abiotic variables (Texture distribution of sediments, Physico-chemical parameters, and metals concentrations) and of the biotic variables (distribution of benthic foraminiferal species) were also performed. The Q-mode cluster analysis of benthic foraminiferal distribution has provided evidence that the Qarun Lake can be subdivided into two cluster groups (A and B), reflecting environmental changes in the lake ecosystem. Cluster B can also be subdivided into two sub-clusters (B1 and B2). The presence of only pollution tolerant taxa with higher faunal density and lower diversity and the absence of the other foraminiferal assemblages in cluster A were attributed to the high concentration of trace metal elements and the strong environmental stress at the eastern and central parts of the Qarun Lake.

Further studies on Cymothoid isopods of some fish species from lake Qarun, Egypt

Cymothoids are obligate parasites of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. They were considered to cause significant economic losses to fisheries through mortalities, stunting growth or damaging tissues of the infested fish. In the last 4 years, lake Qarun suffered from isopod infestation causing fish loss and marketing problems. In the present study out of 375 fish samples belonged to Mugil capito (125), Liza carinata (125) and Tilapia zilli (125) were collected from lake Qarun , El Fayoum governorate and seasonally examined for isopod infestation from the beginning of November 2015 till the end of October 2016. The study revealed the isolation of two species of isopods ; Nerocila orbignyi and Levonica redmani with total infestation rate of 32.53% (21.07% and 11.47% for Nerocila orbignyi and Levonica redmani respectively) with the highest rate recorded during summer. Histopathological study was conducted for estimating the impacts of L. redmani infestation on the affected tissues of M. capito and revealed complete sloughing of the gill lamellae with eosinophilic granular cells infiltration. The study recommended the need to develop a scientific strategy to control the parasitic isopods and prevent its spread among Egyptian water bodies.

Risk assessment and chemical fractionation of selected elements in surface sediments from Lake Qarun, Egypt using modified BCR technique

In this study, spatial distribution and chemical fractionation were conducted to appraise the overall classification of Al, B, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as their ecological risks in Lake Qarun sediments. Also, the other chemical components (CaCO3, TOC, SO42−, SiO32−, PO43−, F, Ca, and Mg) that represented the chemical composition of the sediments were determined. Modified BCR sequential extraction technique was used to evaluate the four (acid soluble, reducible, oxidizable and residual) fractions of the surface sediments. The association of Cd was found the highest with acid-soluble fraction (12.16–77.42%), while, Al (89.92–96.83%), B (42.32–93.93%), Cr (86.35–97.42%) and Pb (31.98–86.26%) were reside in residual phase. The degree of surface sediment contamination was computed by risk assessment code (RAC), individual contamination factor (ICF) and Global contamination factor (GCF). Risk assessment code classification showed that the relative amounts of easily dissolved phase of the investigated elements in the sediments are in the order of: Cd > Pb > B > Cr > Al. As a result, Cd had the highest risk to Lake Qarun. This study is a first approach of chemical fractionation of Al, B, Cd, Cr, and Pb in one of the most ecologically important Protectorates declared in the framework of Law 102 of year 1983. Information of this study constitutes a baseline of elements fractionation in Lake Qarun sediments and should be used as a reference for future studies on the changes of labile and residual elements fractions over time.

Invasion dynamics of a non-indigenous bivalve clam; Venerupis aurea (Gmelin, 1791), in Lake Qarun, Egypt.

The invasive clam Venerupis aurea is native to the Mediterranean Sea. The species has now become established in Lake Qarun, Egypt. This is the first record of the establishment of this clam in the Lake. The histograms of the length-frequency distribution indicated multiple consecutive cohorts and the species is able to establish self-sustaining population. Total weight increased relatively slower than shell length in summer. Isometric growth pattern was recorded in other seasons. Negative allometric growth pattern during summer may explain spawning. The female to male ratio is 1: 0.87. Sexual maturity is attained at 11.8 mm shell length in summer and 16.6 mm shell length in winter. Histological studies revealed two different stages in both male and female clams namely, immature and developing. The results from these preliminary studies have indicated that V. aurea is able to reproduce and survive in Lake Qarun and has an important impact in the local community of the Lake.

Studying of Physico-chemical and Biological characters of Qarun Lake, El-Fayoum – Egypt

LakeQarun is an inland lake occupies the lowest part of El- Fayoum depression. Thesampling program during the studied period was carried out on monthly basisfrom May 2015 and continued till April 2016 (12 successive months).Physico-chemical analysis of Qarun Lake revealed that pH values recorded wereon the alkaline side, values of Secchi disc indicated that the water of thelake concerned as a turbid water bodies. The alkalinity in Qarun Lake ischaracterized by increasing of bicarbonate values as compared with carbonateone. Nutrients analysis indicated increasing of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite,phosphate, silicate in the water of the lake especially in front of the drains.On the other hand a total of 89 species of phytoplankton belonging to sixclasses were recorded in the lake. The recorded classes were Bacillariophyceae,Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae and Cryptophyceae,.TheBacillariophyceae were most diverse with 39 species, then Cyanophyceae with 18species, Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae with 10 species for both, Dinophyceaewith 9 species and Cryptophyceae with 3 species. Our study concluded that theincreased nutrient level in the lake by time show an exacerbated problem ofeutrophication which lead to economic effect on fish production

Water quality status and pollution indices of Wadi El-Rayan lakes, El-Fayoum, Egypt

Wadi El-Rayan lakes are a crucial source of irrigation water and fisheries in El-Fayoum Governorate of Egypt. It is part of the Wadi El-Rayan Protected Area (WEPA) about 125 km Southwest of Cairo. The present study was carried out to assess the present status of the lakes’ water quality, especially after the increasing of un-controlled economic activities within its boundaries. The results demonstrated that the upper lake water may be suitable for irrigation utilization, and the water quality is categorized as fair (WQI = 67). The two lakes are classified as marginal for aquatic life habitat, with (WQI = 52 and 61) for the upper and lower lakes, respectively. Eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were studied to evaluate the metal pollution in the lakes’ water. Pollution index (PI) and metal index (MI) revealed that the water of the two lakes suffers from a different degree of metal contamination, especially for aquatic life utilization. In addition, the progressive increasing of salinity in the second lake enhances the remarkable deterioration of the lake aquatic environment that may restore the dramatic transformation story of Qarun lake.

THE ECONOMIC DIMENSION TO THE PRODUCTION OF FISH LAKE QARUN IN FAYOUM GOVERNORATE

lake Qarun is considered as the third largest lake in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and it is the main reservoir of agriculture drainage water in the province of Fayoum. The salinity increased in the lake Qarun from 32.45% in 2015 to about 34.3% in 2016, which caused declining production of fish, and the disappearance of some fish species with deterioration of the productivity of other species. The fish production by the lake decreased from 41.0% in 1995 to about 20.2% in 2014 of the total production of fish in Fayoum governorate. The study aims to identify the fish production at the lake applying the standard functions of production and costs, estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum rate of fishing efforts, and identify the most important marketing problems facing fishermen. Also, the study searching the marketing problems of fish at Qarun lake.The study results showed that white shrimp represents about 86.7% of total production at the lake, and its relative importance decreased compared with other fish species such as tilapia, mullet and Sole by about 9.54%, 1.91%, 1.82%, respectively .The average total costs were 243.98 Egyptian Pounds / Effort, and the average total revenue was586.36 Egyptian Pounds / Effort. The average net return was 342.37 Egyptian Pounds / Effort, which means that every Egyptian Pound invested in fishing at Lake Qarun had 0.403 Egyptian Pounds.The value of production elasticity, showed that increasing total input used at the Lake Qarun by 1% will increase production by 1.403%. To get the maximum sustainable yield at Lake Qarun, each effort need to produce 331.5 kg / Effort, and the average production of 262.8 kg / Effort.Compare actual and optimal production per effort, last result required to increase production by 68.7 kg / Effort. The production level which maximize profits was 508.0 kg / Effort. The maximum sustainable production (MSY) at the lake was 4303.4 tons per year, an increase of 39.6% from the average study of about 3082.3 tons, period, and that the actual fishing effort and estimated at 542 compound has exceeded the maximum fishing effort to the production estimated at 356 compound, an increase of approximately 52.3%.The most important marketing problem was the lack of market equipment’s by 85.2%, and the most important fishing problem was the disappearance of many species of fish species by 100%, and the most important sources of Lake Qarun water pollution were agricultural, industrial and sewage pollution by 98.4.%, 93.4 %, and 91.8%. respectively