Pyrolysis Treatment Research Articles

Comparative Study of Cationic Dye Adsorption Using Industrial Latex Sludge with Sulfonate and Pyrolysis Treatment

Industrial latex sludge as raw material was made into sulfonated latex sludge (SLS) and latex sludge active carbon (LSC) adsorbents by sulfonate and pyrolysis treatment to remove textile dye cationic blue X-GRRL from aqueous solution. The adsorption properties of SLS and LSC for X-GRRL were studied and compared by investigating the experimental parameters such as adsorbents dosage, pH, contact time and initial concentration. The kinetics of adsorption on SLS and LSC followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic studies were further used to evaluate and compare the adsorption process of X-GRRL on SLS and LSC. The maximum adsorption capacities were 1219.6 mg/g for SLS and 476.2 mg/g for LSC according to the Langmuir model, respectively. These findings not only provide a sustainable strategy to turn industrial solid waste latex sludge into useful material for environment remediation, but also develop an efficient adsorbent for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Solvent-free carbon self-deposition of non-polymeric resin-based precursor toward N-doped porous carbon

Design and engineering of low-cost and high-efficiency functional carbonaceous electrode materials for supercapacitor has attracted increasing interest in energy storage. Herein, N-doped porous carbon block (N-PCB) was prepared via self-deposition of pyrolysis gas derived from directly degradation of typical resin monomer 3-aminophenol (AP) under the assistance of ZSM-5. In this monomer self-deposition approach, the rich pore channels of ZSM-5 promote the capture and deposition of pyrolysis gas from AP on ZSM-5 and the acidic surface of ZSM-5 catalyzes the pyrolysis gas conversion to carbon. This method realizes conversion of AP to porous carbonaceous material simply by grinding of AP and ZSM-5 mixture followed by routine pyrolysis treatment, without utilization of solvent and polymerization of resin, which simplifies the operation process and enhances the environmental friendliness. The prepared N-PCB replicates the bulk morphology of ZSM-5 and has a high specific surface area and a certain of nitrogen content, which provides favorable conditions for improving electrochemical performance.

Comparison of ashing and pyrolysis treatment on cadmium/zinc hyperaccumulator plant: Effects on bioavailability and metal speciation in solid residues and risk assessment.

Phytoremediation of metal(loid)s contaminated sites is widely used, while there is scarce of investigation on the metal-enriched biomass waste safely disposal which resulted in risks of causing secondary pollution to the soil and water bodies and even to human health. Thus, this study compared the effects of ashing and pyrolysis treatments on cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation plant Sedum plumbizincicola. Chemical speciation, the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction were employed to characterize the bioavailability and leachability of Cd and Zn in the solid residues after pyrolysis and ashing. The risk assessment code (RAC) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were subsequently used to evaluate the risk of the solid residues to the environment. The results showed that both ashing and pyrolysis treatments could transform the bioavailable Cd and Zn in S.plumbizincicola into a more stable form, and the higher the temperature the greater the stablility. Pyrolysis converted a maximum of 80.0% of Cd and 70.3% of Zn in S.plumbizincicola to the oxidisable and residual fractions, compared with ashing which achieved only a ∼42% reduction. The pyrolysis process minimised the risk level of Cd and Zn to the environment based on the RAC and RI assessments. The results of the TCLP test, and DTPA extraction confirmed that the leaching rate and the bioavailable portion of Cd and Zn in the biochars produced by pyrolysis were invariably significantly (p<0.05) lower than the solid residues produced by ashing, and reached the lowest at 650°C. In other words, pyrolysis was better than ashing for thermal treatment of the metal-enriched hyperaccumulator plant, in view of minimising the bioavailability and leachability of Cd and Zn from the solid residues to the environment. This study provides fundamental data on the choice of treatments for the disposal of metal-enriched plant biomass.

Metal–Support Interactions in a Molybdenum Oxide Anchored PtNi Alloy for Improving Oxygen Reduction Activity

The PtNi alloy exhibits excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. However, particle agglomeration and support corrosion during the electrochemical reaction inevitably decrease its catalytic stability. Herein, we synthesize PtNi anchored on MoOx (PtNi-MoOx/NC) catalysts by pyrolysis treatment and the ethylene glycol method. It exhibits better catalytic stability than the commercial Pt/C and the prepared PtNiMo ternary catalysts. After the 30k cycle accelerated degradation test, the catalytic activity attenuations for PtNi–MoO3/NC and PtNi–MoO2/NC are 17 and 24%, respectively, which are lower than that of the commercial Pt/C (59%) and the prepared PtNiMo/NC (70%). The stability enhancement can be attributed to the strong metal–support interactions that effectively restrain the aggregation and shedding of PtNi nanoparticles. This work provides a promising strategy to improve the catalytic stability by introducing insoluble metal oxides as support materials for oxygen reduction reaction.

Method for Producing Graphite-Like Chitosan Structures by Thermolysis and Microwave Irradiation

The possibility of obtaining graphite-like structures from chitosan by microwave processing was studied. A comparative analysis of the products of pyrolysis and microwave treatment of chitosan was carried out.

Yeast biomass-induced Co2P/biochar composite for sulfonamide antibiotics degradation through peroxymonosulfate activation.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have attracted increasing attention in recent years for organic pollutants removal. Herein, we put forward a facile method to form cobalt phosphide/carbon composite for PMS activation. Combining impregnation approach with pyrolysis treatment enabled the formation of Co2P/biochar composites using baker's yeast and Co2+ as precursors. The as-synthesized products exhibited excellent catalytic activity for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation over the pH range 3.0-9.0by activating PMS. For example, 100% of SMX (20mgL-1) removal was achieved in 20min with catalyst dosage of 0.4gL-1 and PMS loading of 0.4gL-1. Near zero Co2+ leaching was observed during catalytic reaction, which remarkably lowered the toxic risk of transition metal ion in water. Meanwhile, the reusability of catalyst could be attained by thermal treatment. SMX degradation intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), which facilitated the proposal of possible SMX degradation pathways. Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) analysis indicated that SMX degradation intermediates may not pose ecological toxicity to the environment. Further investigation verified that Co2P/biochar composites could set off PMS activation not only for the degradation of SMX but also for other sulfonamides. In this study, we not only developed a facile method of utilizing environmental-benign biomass for transition metal phosphide/carbon composite formation, but also achieved highly efficient antibiotic elimination by PMS-based AOP.

Preparation and low temperature denitrification properties of ferric oxide red supported manganese oxide and manganese cerium co-oxide catalyst

Iron oxide red (IOR) is a kind of byproduct from spray pyrolysis treatment process of pickling waste liquid. In this project, manganese oxide and manganese cerium co-oxide were loaded onto the surface of IORto prepare IOR supported manganese oxide (Mnx/IOR) and IOR supported manganese-cerium co-oxide (Mnx-Cey/IOR) catalysts by a simple combustion method. Low temperature NH3-selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) denitrification properties of the synthetic catalysts were studied. XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, XPS, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD were used to characterize the physiochemical properties of the catalysts. The results show that during the combustion process for preparing Mnx/IOR catalyst, MnOx, almost all in amorphous phase, can be well distributed on the surface of the IOR carrier. The NOx conversions of Mnx/IOR catalyst gradually increase with the increase of MnOx loading amount within a specific working temperature range (<200 °C). When MnOx loading amount x is 0.43, the NOx conversion is up to 85% at most. The low temperature NH3-SCR activity of Mnx/IOR catalyst can be enhanced remarkably by introducing cerium. The NOx conversions of Mn0.43-Cey/IOR catalyst at the operating temperature range (<200 °C) increase steadily with the cerium adding amount increasing. All the Mn0.43-Cey/IOR catalysts show excellent denitrification efficiency (more than 90%) at about 160 °C. Compared with Mn0.43/IOR catalyst, Mn0.43-Ce0.1/IOR shows excellent denitrification performance and application prospect because of its higher manganese valence state, enhanced redox capacity, larger specific surface area, and significantly improved surface acidity and anti-SO2 poisoning ability.

A simple, low cost, and template-free method for synthesis of boron nitride using different precursors

In this research, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was synthesized using a simple, low cost, and template-free method with urea-boric acid (UB), melamine-boric acid (MB), and melamine-urea and boric acid (MUB) precursors, followed by the pyrolysis and heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1050 °C. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The specific surface areas obtained for h-BN synthesized by UB, MB, and MUB precursors were 87.43, 573.07, and 1005.7 m2/g, respectively. The average diameters of the pores using the Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) model were 37.78, 3.68, and 2.13 nm, respectively. A thermogravimetric analysis showed a wider range of decomposition temperatures after using three precursors for synthesizing h-BN. Crumpled, whisker, and flower-like morphologies for UB, MB, and MUB precursors were respectively found using FESEM investigations. The formation of h-BN within the MUB sample was confirmed using the XPS analysis with measured peaks of 398.5 and 190.6 eV belonging to N 1s and B 1s, respectively. Raman spectroscopy revealed a high-intensity peak in 1366 cm−1 related to the E2g mode for h-BN synthesized with MUB. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the employed method can increase the potential of using the h-BN porous powder with a high specific surface area as a lubricant, thermal insulation filler, anti-corrosion filler in paint coatings, adsorption of various gas and hydrocarbon molecules as well as its application in drug-delivery nanocarriers.

A new strategy for using lint-microfibers generated from clothes dryer as a sustainable source of renewable energy

Lint-microfibers (LMs) generated during clothes drying are classified as primary microplastics and consist mainly of cotton, polyester and lignin. This research aims to convert LMFs into energy products using a pyrolysis treatment. The pyrolysis experiments were performed using a pilot pyrolysis plant. SEM-EDS was used to observe the morphology and elemental composition of the feedstock and the obtained biochar, while a digital unit of Instantaneous Gas analyzer and Gas chromatography (GC) were used to observe the concentration of O2, N2, CO2, CO, H2, CH4 gases during the whole conversion process. Finally, a simple mathematical model was developed to evaluate the economic and environmental performance of the suggested strategy based on the LMFs generated by one million persons. Based on the results of the developed model and yield of pyrolysis process, around 45 tons of LMFs are generated by one million persons annually and this amount is enough to produce 13.8 tons of oil (~31%), 21.5 tons of gas (47.7%), and 9.7 ton of char (21.6%) with estimated profitability of 120,400$ and reduction in carbon footprint estimated at −42,039,000kg CO2-eq/t of LMFs.

An active site pre-anchoring and post-exposure strategy in Fe(CN)64-@PPy derived Fe/S/N-doped carbon electrocatalyst for high performance oxygen reduction reaction and zinc-air batteries

A novel “active site pre-anchoring and post-exposure” strategy is developed for the synthesis of highly active Fe/3S/N-C ORR electrocatalyst. In the synthesis of Fe/3S/N-C, the Fe(CN)64-@PPy precursors with highly dispersion of Fe active species were initially created by pre-anchoring Fe(CN)64- into polypyrrole (PPy) matrixes through electrostatic interactions depending on the cation radicals generated on the PPy chains during pyrrole monomer polymerization. The Fe(CN)64-@PPy then suffered pyrolysis treatment in the presence of sublimed sulfur activator that ensures a larger specific area and thus effective exposure of Fe and N active sites in Fe/3S/N-C. Depending on highly efficient dispersion of Fe3C and Fe-Nx active species, the resultant Fe/3S/N-C electrocatalyst displays 20 mV higher onset potential (0.99 V) and 50 mV higher half-wave potential (0.89 V) than those of a commercial Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline medium. This, combined with high current density (–5.71 mA cm−2) and excellent durability (larger than 95% retention after 20000 s), are one of the best performance among non-precious metal ORR electrocatalysts reported thus far. In addition, Fe/3S/N-C employed as the cathode material for zinc-air battery, shows excellent durability and superior peak power density to Pt/C. A series of control experiments combined with DFT theoretical analysis demonstrated that the Fe3C nanoparticles boost the activity of Fe-Nx species in Fe/3S/N-C, meanwhile the coexistence of Fe3C and Fe-Nx active species increased the HOMO energy level and O2 adsorption energy of the catalyst. These result in improved ORR performance.

CuNi alloy/ carbon foam nanohybrids as high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers

Three-dimensional (3D) carbon foams (CF) embedded with CuNi alloy nanoparticles have been constructed for electromagnetic wave absorption application. In the synthetic procedure, Ni2+ and Cu2+ were firstly adsorbed into the melamine foam (MF) to form Ni2+-Cu2+/MF composites, which were then subject to the pyrolysis treatment, resulting in the production of mesoporous CuNi alloy/CF. The texture characterizations indicate that CuNi alloy nanoparticles whose size distribution was 20–600 nm were embedded on the surface of the CF. Other than previous carbon structures, the CuNi/CF with CuNi alloy nanoparticles evenly distributed into the 3D carbon matrix inherits the characteristic of the 3D structured N-rich MF, which induces masses of dipole polarization, interfacial polarization and electromagnetic wave scattering. The CuNi11 exhibits excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance with the reflection loss (RL) of −50.20 dB at a thin thickness of 1.6 mm. This work highlights the effect of metal compositions on the electromagnetic wave absorption performance and provides an environmentally friendly, low cost and easy-to-large-scale-preparation approach for the design of metal alloy/CF electromagnetic wave absorbers.

Double ligand MOF-derived pomegranate-like Ni@C microspheres as high-performance microwave absorber

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived functional composites have received extensive attention, especially in microwave absorption (MA) materials. However, the delicate design of the spatial structure, designed components, and heterojunction interfaces of MOF derivatives remains a great challenge in the MA application. Herein, a simple double organic ligand strategy and controllable pyrolysis treatment were used to regulate the Ni-MOF derived pomegranate-like Ni@C Microspheres. Their morphology and crystallization can be accurately controlled by a simple hydrothermal method. After pyrolysis, hierarchical magnetic-carbon Ni@C microspheres were obtained which consists of many nickel-carbon core–shell units within the carbon layer. MOF-derived Ni@C microspheres possessed plentiful interfaces, unique three-dimensional conduction network, and magnetic-dielectric synergy system. The pomegranate-like Ni@C microspheres shown excellent microwave absorption performance of a maximum reflection loss (−46.9 dB at 3.5 mm), which can be attributed to the dielectric attenuation, magnetic loss, and matched impedance. Precision regulation of MOF precursors and MOF derivatives provide a novel platform of magnetic-dielectric Ni@C composites that offers excellent MA applications.

Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel.

Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a successful synthesis of a magnetic carbon aerogel (MCA) using sodium alginate (SA) as the main carbon source, gelatin (G) as a cross-linking agent and secondary carbon source, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the magnetic component. A simple pyrolysis treatment at 550°C under N2 transformed a Fe3O4/SA/G hydrogel precursor into the MCA. The obtained magnetic carbon aerogel possessed a high specific surface area (145.7m2/g), a hierarchically porous structure, and an abundance of surface hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups, resulting in outstanding sorption properties for aqueous Cd(II) (an adsorption capacity of 143.88mg/Lmg/g). The mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption by the MCA was investigated, with the results obtained suggesting that the MCA removed cadmium ions from water by both electrostatic adsorption and complexation. Since the MCAs contained Fe3O4 nanoparticles, they could easily be separated and recovered from water using a magnet. This study thus identifies a promising and efficient technology for removing Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Biomass Waste: A Mini Review

The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for renewable energy is a global concern. Pyrolysis is one of the thermal treatments for biomass wastes that results in the production of liquid, solid and gaseous products. Unfortunately, the complex structure of the biomass materials matrix needs elevated heating to convert these materials into useful products. Microwave heating is a promising alternative to conventional heating approaches. Recently, it has been widely used in pyrolysis due to easy operation and its high heating rate. This review tries to identify the microwave-assisted pyrolysis treatment process fundamentals and discusses various key operating parameters which have an effect on product yield. It was found that several operating parameters govern this process such as microwave power and the degree of temperature, microwave absorber addition and its concentration, initial moisture content, initial sweep gas flow rate/residence time. Moreover, this study highlighted the most attractive products of the microwave pyrolysis process. These products include synthesis gas, bio-char, and bio-oil. The benefits and challenges of microwave heating are discussed.

Composites of Recycled Polypropylene from Cotton Swab Waste with Pyrolyzed Rice Husk

The manufacture of consumer goods from thermoplastic polymers leads to a considerable amount of scrap or off-specifications products, generating post-industrial waste that is typically landfilled. In present study, polypropylene (PP) wastes from the cotton swabs manufacture were used to the preparation of polymeric composites with agro-industrial waste of rice husk (RH). The RH was employed in the natural form as well as it was also treated by controlled pyrolysis for surface modification before incorporation to the PP. The PP/RH composites prepared by extrusion with contents from 2 to 20 wt% of non-pyrolyzed (NRH) and pyrolyzed (PRH) rice husk were submitted to the injection molding for preparation of tensile and impact specimens and characterized by mechanical testing, thermal analysis, melt flow rate, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The controlled pyrolysis treatment on the RH caused significant changes in the thermal, chemical, rheological and mechanical properties of the PP/RH composites, mainly on the mechanical properties Young’s modulus, elongation at break and impact resistance that presented variation up to 100% when compared the composites containing NRH. The recycled PP/RH composites present suitable properties for several applications such as wood-plastic, furniture, doors and are an alternative for decrease the pollution generated by cotton swab waste.

From end-of-life tires to storable energy carriers

End-of-life tires are an increasingly important environmental burden. Since retreading is only partly possible, safe and economic methods of disposal need to be developed. Pyrolysis of ELTs, and subsequent upgrading/application of the produced energy carriers, is considered a valuable treatment method. In order to design the process, numerous operation units have to be taken into account. Char, vapour and gas are formed in the reactor. The char is purified from ZnO with a leaching process. The pyrolysis vapour is separated into a condensable fraction (oil) and a non-condensable fraction (gas) thanks to a cross-flow condenser with air as indirect cooling medium. The remaining gas is compressed to 6 bar: a part of it is continuously converted in electricity for process use, while another part is stored for power generation at peak demand time. A flowsheet of the process is established and environmental and assessment of investments and production are discussed. For the pyrolytic treatment of 3 ton/hr of ELTs, the required heat for the reactor is 271 kW at 380 °C, provided by electrical heating elements. A reactor volume is determined for a residence time of about 6 h. For the cross-flow condenser, indirectly air-cooled, a heat-transfer area of about 13.2 m2 is required. The compression of the gas the pressurized pyrolytic gas storage tank depends upon the excess pyrolytic gas produced during operation. The char cooler requires a heat-transfer area of 10.2 m2, when indirectly cooled by water. Operating parameters of the leaching and subsequent recovery of Zn2+ complete the design. The product added-value and the large-scale capacity make the process economically viable, although the ROI is between 2 and 3 years.

Thermal degradation features of soil humic acid sub-fractions in pyrolytic treatment and their relation to molecular signatures

Pyrolysis is a promising treatment for soil remediation for rapidity and fertility preservation. But it is difficult to establish the relationship between pyrolysis behaviors and soil organic matter (SOM) structures, for SOM is a mixture of heterogeneous compounds. HA sub-fractions from the same soil source may provide a series of promising objects to understand SOM at molecular level and the resulting patterns in SOM pyrolysis. We first propose a novel insight into pyrolysis mechanism response to molecular signatures using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) combined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study six humic acid (HA) sub-fractions extracted from a forest soil. The findings indicate that decomposition of soil HA occurs systematically due to molecular signatures. The decomposition can be categorized as carboxyl controlled (below 280 °C), lipid-dominated (280–450 °C) and condensed aromatics-dominated processes (450–700 °C). Predominant reaction mechanism of all HA sub-fractions was random nucleation (α > 0.25). Lipid in HA tend to initiate multiple nuclei in thermal degradation, while condensed aromatics tend to initiate and grow centering single random point in higher conversion rate (α > 0.75). Bridging the molecular signature and thermogravimetry reveals that the pyrolysis stage below 350 °C should be divided into two distinct processes related to the carboxylic group and lipid compounds, although this stage has conventionally been considered as a single process. The N element of HA was mostly preserved in the condensed aromatics which was mainly pyrolyzed above 450 °C, suggesting that pyrolysis below 450 °C is a preferable remediation treatment considering nitrogen fertility preservation. The observed molecular-level pyrolysis patterns can be applied as a targeted remediation procedure for contaminated soils and can improve the understanding of SOM thermal behaviors at the molecular level.

Efficient Treatment of Wood Vinegar via Microbial Electrolysis Cell With the Anode of Different Pyrolysis Biochars

Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) had a good performance during the treatment of bio-refractory wastewater. This study focused on wood vinegar (from biomass pyrolysis) treatment via MECs with biochar anode. The results indicated that MECs with coconut shell biochar as the anode had an obvious beneficial effect for treating wood vinegar. When wood vinegar was used as the substrate of MECs, COD removal reached up to 71.4%, and effluent COD was 359.0 mg COD/L. GC-MS analysis showed that furfurals present in the wood vinegar were thoroughly degraded after MEC treatment. One interesting finding is that hydrocarbons accounted for a large portion of the compounds in the effluent, which may be the comprehensive result of complex organic reactions, including decarboxylation reactions, dehydration reaction, etc. The dominant microbial populations in MEC with biochar anode mainly included Geobacter, Macellibacteroides, Oscillibacter, Sedimentibacter, Comamonas and Lachnoclostridium. In particular, Lachnoclostridium (3.34%), a new family of exoelectrogens, may be correlated with the degradation of wood vinegar. This study demonstrated that pyrolysis biochar could be incorporated as a high-efficiency MEC anode material, and MECs with the inclusion of biochar could provide a feasible way for the treatment of recalcitrant wood vinegar.

Efficient removal of Pb(II) through recycled biochar-mineral composite from the coagulation sludge of swine wastewater

Zeolite-Mg/Fe chloride dual enhanced coagulation is a cost-effective method for advanced treatment of swine wastewater, but the sludge generated after the enhanced coagulation remains to be a problem. In this study, the precipitate from a swine wastewater coagulation unit was regenerated by pyrolysis treatment in an O2-limited environment to develop a high efficient adsorbent (biochar-mineral composite, BMC) for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater. SEM images indicate that complex Mg/Fe oxides and sludge biochar gathered around zeolite particles. Effects of different influencing factors such as Pb(II) initial concentration, pH, adsorption time and ion concentration on the adsorption performance were investigated. The results show that the Langmuir isotherm model can better express the adsorption of Pb(II) on BMC than Freundlich model and Temkin model. BMC pyrolyzed at 500 °C showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 450.58 mg/g under experimental condition of 25 °C, 100 mg/L Pb(II) initial concentration and the initial pH of 5.6. The adsorption mechanisms on BMC mainly include ion exchange, electrostatic interaction. Therefore, it is a cost-effective and environmental-friendly strategy to obtain biochar-mineral composite from recycled sludge, which can efficiently remove Pb(II) from wastewater.

Envisaging wastewater-to-energy practices for sustainable urban water pollution control: Current achievements and future prospects

The organic carbon in municipal wastewater is an energetic substance and can be captured and reused for bioenergy production. A comprehensive evaluation of relevant technical advances and energy recovery potential is essential to provide guidance for sustainability improvement. Although several previous works have covered this topic, most of them have mainly focused on the technical evaluation of a single step, rather than the full treatment line. In this review the currently available processes and achievements related to the capture, recovery and reuse of organic carbon from municipal wastewater for bioenergy production are summarized. The techno-economic evaluation indicates that the biological capture process fails to achieve a good effluent quality when treating wastewater with a high soluble organic content. Chemical coagulants or membranes can be applied as effective methods to assist carbon capture. A fermentation-centered bioprocessing platform is beneficial for the conversion of captured carbon into versatile products. At present, bioenergy recovery is the most promising carbon recovery mode, and the global wastewater sector possesses a 51.06 billion kWh/year bioenergy production potential. Through hydrothermal or pyrolysis treatment, the organic residue arising from the bioprocessing platform can be circularly used. Based on the above analysis, a plant-wide wastewater-to-energy route including a carbon separation system, a bioprocessing platform, and a thermochemical conversion line is envisaged. Additionally, the challenges to achieving the proposed bioenergy production paradigm from municipal wastewater are examined. This review presents the gaps and future prospects in achieving sustainable municipal water pollution control.