Effect Of Pyrolysis Temperature Research Articles

Coralline Halimeda opuntia algae-derived bio-hydroxyapatite enhances the bioactivity of piezoelectric tissue engineering scaffolds

Biomaterials are increasingly being used to promote tissue repair after wounds. Coralline algae have been reported as valuable sources of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The identification and characterization of Halimeda opuntia with high calcium carbonate content from the Indian Ocean have been performed. Bio-hydroxyapatite (Bio-HAp) was synthesized through a combined process of pyrolysis followed by a hydrothermal treatment. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the critical properties of the HAp such as Ca/P ratio, morphology and presence of trace elements was assessed. It was found that a calcination temperature of 900 °C produced Bio-HAp with a Ca/P of 1.57 ± 0.01, which is non-stoichiometric and calcium-deficient, similar to the HAp integrated in bone. HAp can integrate with bone without causing any local or systemic toxicity, inflammation or foreign body response, thus we have loaded the synthesized Bio-HAp into piezoelectric PHBV/PDX electrospun mat and assessed the behaviour of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human pre-osteoblasts (HoB) in co-culture at different cell densities. Increasing Bio-HAp content from 1 % to 5 % increased fiber diameter due to fiber melting. Bio-HAp enhanced differentiation of HDF promoting mineralisation with Ca/P ratios of 1.93 ± 0.17 and 1.80 ± 0.18 at 1 % and 5 % HAp content respectively. The mineralisation process was more prominent on scaffolds with Bio-HAp compared to the controls (0 % HAp and synthetic-HAp) with both HDF only and HDF/HoB.

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the binding characteristics of DOM derived from livestock manure biochar with Cu(II).

Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) has the potential to influence the environmental application of biochar and the behavior of heavy metals. In this study, the binding properties of BDOM derived from livestock manure biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures with Cu(II) were investigated based on a multi-analytical approach. The results showed that the DOC concentration, aromatics, and humification degree of BDOM were higher in the process of low pyrolysis of biochar. The pyrolysis temperature changed the composition of BDOM functional groups, which affected the binding mechanism of BDOM-Cu(II). Briefly, humic-like and protein-like substances dominated BDOM-Cu(II) binding at low and high pyrolysis temperatures, respectively. The higher binding capacity for Cu(II) was exhibited by BDOM derived from the lower pyrolysis temperature, due to the carboxyl as the main binding site in humic acid had high content and binding ability at low-temperature. The amide in proteins only participated in the BDOM-Cu(II) binding at high pyrolysis temperature, and polysaccharides also played an important role in the binding process. Moreover, the biochar underwent the secondary reaction at certain high temperatures, which led to condensation reaction of the aromatic structure and the conversion of large molecules into small molecules, affecting the BDOM-Cu(II) binding sites.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Composition on Bio-Oil Characteristics

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Composition on Bio-Oil Characteristics

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Production of Biochar and Biomethanol from Sugarcane Bagasse

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Production of Biochar and Biomethanol from Sugarcane Bagasse

Improving acid-stressed anaerobic digestion processes with biochar - towards a combined biomass and carbon management system

Abstract Interest in biochar as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown in the context of biomass cascading use and the 2050 net-zero goal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar on AD from a biochar production perspective, including biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. To valorise biomass and better understand the mechanisms and environmental implications of using biochar in AD, we investigated the effects of distinct biochar types on AD under acid stress-induced process inhibition using batch tests. The results demonstrated that biochar can mitigate acid stress and enhance the methane production rate. The kinetic rate constant of methane production is positively related to the buffer capacity of the tested biochars (R2 = 0.88). The choice of feedstocks is a crucial factor (P = 0.003), particularly the best-performing biochars derived from raw grass silage. In contrast, the pyrolysis temperature effect was less significant (P = 0.18). Furthermore, the analysis of biochar indicates that the alkali (K) and alkaline earth (Ca, Mg) metals contained in biochar may be one of the important factors contributing to buffer capacity (R2 = 0.82 to 0.86). Hence, buffer capacity is a crucial quality criteria when evaluating biochar for AD applications. Raw grass silage biochars are promising for acid stress mitigation due to their high buffer capacity, while carbon-rich woody biochars have high CO2 sequestration potential. A compromise between mitigating acid stress and sequestering carbon is the use of pre-treated grass biochar. Overall, the use of biochar-enriched digestate offers a potential way to close material loops and complete the biomass-to-biochar value chain.

Chemically Modified Coconut Shell Biochar for Removal of Losartan Potassium in Aqueous Solutions

Emerging contaminants (EC) are newly recognized significant water pollutants and conventional wastewater treatment facilities are not sufficient at removing these trace contaminants. Biochar is well-known effective adsorbent for the removal of complex inorganic contaminants and organic contaminants from water. The present study, comprehensively investigates the sorption removal of Losartan potassium (LOS) through chemically modified biochar (CMBC) developed from green coconut (Cocous nucifera) shell. Effect of pyrolysis temperature (400o C, 500o C and 600o C), initial concentration of LOS (20−150 mg L−1), pH (3–11), temperature (20−400 C), dose of adsorbent (1.0–5.0 g L−1) and contact time (15−1620 mins) on the adsorption of LOS onto CMBC has been analyzed using a successive batch study. Biochar treated with 5% H3PO4 and pyrolyzed at 600o C shows the optimum result which is 60.72% removal of LOS with initial LOS concentration of 20 mg L−1, pH∼6, temperature 20o C, dose of adsorbent 5 mg L−1, agitation speed 150 rpm and contact time 24 h. The kinetic data of the adsorption study was best fitted into pseudo-2nd-order kinetics model. The Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich isotherm models were studied and the experimental data were best represented by the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic study reveals the LOS adsorption was non-spontaneous, exothermic nature on CMBC. 
 Keywords: Biochar, Emerging Contaminant, Isotherm, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Losartan Potassium, Pyrolysis 

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature and Acid-Base Pre-Treatment on the Synthesis of Biochar-Based Slow-Release Selenium Fertilizer and Its Release in Soil.

Plant-derived selenium is an important source of selenium (Se) for humans, which, however, has been restricted by a low content of Se in soil. Traditional Se fertilizers have tended to result in low selenium utilization. Thus, it was necessary to develop a new slow-release material to control Se fertilizer release. In this study, biochar pyrolyzed at 300 °C and 800 °C was cross-linked with polyethyleneimine (PEI) after being treated with HNO3 or NaOH (which were labeled Acid-W300, Acid-W800, Alkali-W300, and Alkali-W800). The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of Acid-W300, Alkali-W300, Acid-W800, and Alkali-W800 were 329.16 mg/g, 321.93 mg/g, 315.04 mg/g, and 344.33 mg/g, respectively. Among them, Acid-W800 and Alkali-W800 were mainly imine- and amide-bonded with SO32-, while Acid-W300 and Alkali-W300 were loaded with SO32- by forming the C-Se bonding as well as through imine- and amide-bonding. The release of four biochar-based selenium fertilizers in the red soil and brown soil extracts conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The release rate and release amount of four biochar-based selenium fertilizers in the red soil extract were higher than those in the brown soil extract. Alkali-W800-Se had a higher proportion of Se-exchangeable release, accounting for 87.5% of the total loaded selenium, while Acid-W300-Se had the lowest proportion at 62.2%. However, the Se releases of Alkali-W800-Se were more than 42.49% and 37.67% of the total Se-loading capacity during 5 days of continuous red soil extraction and brown soil extraction, respectively. Acid-W300-Se released less than 20% of the total Se-loading capacity. Thus, Acid-W300-Se was the recommended slow-release Se fertilizer in red soil and brown soil.

New insights into the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the spectroscopy properties of dissolved organic matter in manure-based biochar.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from biochar takes a crucial role in transport and bioavailability toward contaminants; hence, it is undeniable that a thorough analysis of its properties is important. So far, the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the functional groups, components, and evolutionary sequence of manure-based biochar DOM has not been adequately investigated. Here, DOM was released from two typical livestock manures (cow and pig) at five pyrolysis temperatures (300 ~ 700°C), and it was explored in depth with the aid of moving window 2D correlation spectroscopy (MW-2D-COS) and heterogeneous 2D correlation spectroscopy (hetero-2D-COS). The results demonstrated that the concentration, aromaticity, and hydrophobicity of DOM were greater at high temperatures, and more DOM was liberated from cow manure-based biochar at identical temperature. Protein-like compounds dominated at high temperatures. The pyrolysis temperatures of final configuration transformation points of the fulvic acid-like component and the aromatic ring C=C in DOM were 400°C and 500°C, respectively. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation analysis indicated that the functional group evolution of DOM depends on the pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type. The study provides a new perspective on manure management and environmental applications of biochar.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Tetracycline Adsorption by Boron-doped Mesoporous Carbon

Using coconut shell and boric acid as raw materials， a new boron-doped coconut shell mesoporous carbon material （B-CSC） was prepared using a simple one-step pyrolysis method for efficient adsorption and removal of tetracycline pollutants in water. The effects of pyrolysis temperature and boron-carbon mass ratio on the adsorption performance under key preparation conditions were systematically studied， and their microstructure and physicochemical properties were characterized using a specific surface area and pore size analyzer （BET）， field emission scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray photon spectroscopy （XPS）， Raman spectrometer （Raman）， and Zeta potentiometer （Zeta）. The effects of initial pH， different metal cations， and different background water quality conditions on the adsorption effect were systematically investigated. Combined with material characterization and correlation analysis， the enhanced adsorption mechanism was discussed and analyzed in depth. The results showed that one-step pyrolysis could incorporate boron into the surface and crystal lattice of coconut shell charcoal， resulting in a larger specific surface area and pore volume， and the main forms of boron introduced were H3BO3， B2O3， B， and B4C. The adsorption capacity of B-CSC to tetracycline reached 297.65 mg·g-1， which was 8.9 times that of the original coconut shell mesoporous carbon （CSC）. At the same time， the adsorption capacity of B-CSC for rhodamine B （RhB）， bisphenol A（BPA）， and methylene blue （MB）， common pollutants in aquatic environments， was as high as 372.65， 255.24， and 147.82 mg·g-1， respectively. The adsorption process of B-CSC to tetracycline was dominated by physicochemical interaction， mainly involving liquid film diffusion， surface adsorption， mesoporous and microporous diffusion， and active site adsorption， and H3BO3 was the main adsorption site. The adsorption strengthening mechanism mainly reduced the chemical inertness of the carbon network and enhanced its π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding with tetracycline molecules.

Persulfate Activation Using Biochar from Pomegranate Peel for the Degradation of Antihypertensive Losartan in Water: The Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature, Operational Parameters, and a Continuous Flow Reactor

Biochar derived from pomegranate peel at different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 600, and 850 °C) was synthesized and characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. Its catalytic efficiency in the degradation of the antihypertensive losartan (LOS) in the presence of sodium persulfate was examined. The biochar pyrolyzed at 850 °C exhibited higher catalytic activity, which was correlated with the greater surface area and higher concentration of minerals on its surface. Interestingly, despite adsorption being favored at alkaline pH, pH 3 showed the highest LOS degradation. LOS decomposition followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The addition of persulfate significantly increased LOS reduction, while the presence of inorganic and organic water matrix constituents such as sodium chloride, bicarbonate, and humic acid inhibited the oxidation. Experiments conducted with radical scavengers revealed that both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals, as well as singlet oxygen, participated in LOS decomposition, with the former being the dominant species. Using a continuous flow reactor, the system exhibited a satisfactory steady-state performance of 90% LOS removal for 114 h. Afterward, a moderate decrease in performance was observed, which can be attributed to the alteration of the catalyst’s surface and mineral dissolution due to acidity.

The effect of the pyrolysis temperature and biomass type on the biocarbons characteristics.

The conversion of biomass and natural wastes into carbon-based materials for various applications such as catalysts and energy-related materials is a fascinating and sustainable approach emerged during recent years. Precursor nature and characteristics are complex, hence, their effect on the properties of resulting materials is still unclear. In this work, we have investigated the effect of different precursors and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of produced carbon materials and their potential application as negative electrode materials in Li-ion batteries. Three biomasses, lignocellulosic brewery spent grain from a local brewery, catechol-rich lignin and tannins, were selected for investigations. We show that such end-product carbon characteristic as functional and elemental composition, porosity, specific surface area, defectiveness level, and morphology strictly depend on the precursor composition, chemical structure, and pyrolysis temperature. The electrochemical characteristics of produced carbon materials correlate with the characteristics of the produced materials. A higher pyrolysis temperature is shown to be favourable for production of carbon material for the Li-ion battery application in terms of both specific capacity and long-term cycling stability.

Photo-Reactivity of dissolved black carbon unveiled by combination of optical spectroscopy and FT-ICR MS analysis: Effects of pyrolysis temperature

Dissolved black carbon (DBC) has high photoactivity, which plays an important role in contaminants photodegradation. However, it is unclear how pyrolysis temperatures would affect the composition and photo-reactivity of DBC at the molecular level. Herein, we combined complementary techniques to study the characteristics of DBC pyrolyzed at 200 - 500 ℃, as well as the photoproduction of reactive species and the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC). Bulk composition characterization found that condensed aromatic carbonyl compounds (ConAC) with narrow molecular weights in DBC experienced an increase from 200 to 500 °C, which enhanced the photoproduction of 3DBC*,1O2, and ·OH. Molecular-level data suggested that 3DBC* and 1O2 were both related to the same DBC compounds. Comparatively, the patterns for ·OH were less pronounced, implying its precursor was not 3DBC* and had more complexity. Plentiful CHOx species of ConAC in DBC400 and DBC500 (DBCT, where T = pyrolysis temperature) accelerated the generation of 3DBC* and 1O2, enhancing the photodegradation of TC, and mainly triplet states of quinones reacted with TC. In contrast, DBC200 and DBC300 exhibited inhibition since massive CHOx species in lignin-like reduced 3TC* to TC. Our data revealed the diverse photochemical behavior mechanisms of DBC pyrolyzed at 200 – 500 ℃ at the molecular level and the implications for aquatic contaminants photochemistry.

Effect of pyrolysis temperature and hydrothermal activation on structure, physicochemical, thermal and dye adsorption characteristics of the biocarbons.

In this study, the possibility of using sawdust from mixed woods to obtain biocarbons in the pyrolysis and steam activation using microwave radiation as an energy source was investigated. Biocarbons were characterized based on the results of N2 adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Surface characterization was performed by Boehm titration and pHpzc determination. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) was studied. It was proved that the pyrolysis temperature and hydrothermal activation increased the biocarbons structural, surface and adsorption parameters of the obtained biocarbons. The amorphous materials of small specific surface area with a significant share of micropores were obtained. The steam activation resulted in significant development of the porous structure (to SBET =729.2 m2 /g and Vp =0.36 cm3 /g). The presence of functional groups, mainly phenolic ones, and pHpzc values indicating a potential for adsorption applications regarding MO and MB were found. The highest sorption capacity concerning MB (qe =122.8 mg/g) and MO (qe =99.1 mg/g) was observed for the steam-activated biocarbon BC-800MW . Using microwave energy hydrothermal activation proved very efficient, resulting in significant surface area and porosity development with a small loss of carbon matter.

Pyrolysis of rice husk in molten lithium chloride: Biochar structure evolution and CO2 adsorption

Biochars are attained by direct pyrolysis of the mixture of rice husk (RH) powders and lithium chloride within 600–800 °C. The physical and chemical properties of RH biochars are studied using diverse characterization techniques. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and salt/biomass ratio on the structure properties and CO2 adsorption performances of RH biochars are tested at 25 °C and 100 kPa. The results show that the CO2 uptakes of RH biochars first ascend and then descend with incremental pyrolysis temperature and basically increase with the elevation of the salt/biomass ratio. The biochar prepared at 700 °C with the salt/biomass ratio of 7.5 in an air atmosphere presents the highest CO2 uptake of 2.70 mmol/g, which is much higher than the one (1.98 mmol/g) obtained at 700 °C without addition of LiCl salts in a nitrogen stream mainly due to its bigger specific surface area, higher contents of chemisorbed oxygen and carbon defect structures. Pyrolysis of rice husk in molten LiCl can effectively improve the porosity and the surface functionality of the biochar, thereby enhancing its CO2 capture performance.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Adhesive Type on the Quality of Biobriquette from Coffee Stem Biomass

Biobriquette is organic waste charcoal printed in such a way that has a high energy density and calorific value. The biobriquette quality is influenced by several factors, including the pyrolysis temperature and the adhesive type. This research aims to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature (250°C, 300°C, and 350°C) and adhesive type (tapioca, molasses, and a tapioca-molasses mixture) on the quality of biobriquette from coffee stem. This research steps include pyrolysis of coffee stem, biobriquette production, and quality analysis of biobriquette. The biobriquette quality described refers to SNI No. 01-6235-2000, including water content, ash content, volatile matter, calorific value, and additional analysis, including fixed carbon, density, compressive strength, and combustion rate. This research shows that increasing the pyrolysis temperature will increase the charcoal yield. Pyrolysis temperature and adhesive type affect the quality of biobriquette. All biobriquette produced at a pyrolysis temperature of 350°C met SNI No. 01-6235-2000, in terms of water, ash, volatile, and heating values. The best biobriquette was obtained with a pyrolysis temperature of 350°C and tapioca adhesive, with water content of 2.45%, ash content of 2.35%, volatile matter of 1.24%, density of 1,345 g/cm3, compressive strength of 91.775 kg/cm2, and a calorific value of 7,463.957 cal/g.

Pengaruh Temperatur Pirolisis Terhadap Karakteristik Biochar dari Limbah Padat Agroindustri Teh

The Gambung Tea and Kina Research Center (PPTK) produces solid waste in the form of twig/branch and tea leaf waste from the pruning process of tea plants, as well as tea fluff waste from tea processing in tea factories with considerable potential. These wastes, if processed efficiently, can be a driver of circular economy activities. The high carbon content in twig, leaf, and tea fluff waste makes the waste potential to be processed into an alternative energy source in the form of fuel through a pyrolysis process. This study aims to select the most potential waste to be processed into fuel and determine the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the characteristics of the biochar produced. The results showed that tea twig and fluff waste has a higher carbon content than tea leaf waste so that it has more potential to be processed into fuel. The quality of tea twig biochar is better than tea fluff biochar because the characteristics of tea twig biochar on average meet the requirements of good biochar according to SNI 1683 2021 compared to tea fluff biochar.

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperatures of Tomato Stems Biochar on Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat Plant Grown in Sandy Soil

Effects of Pyrolysis Temperatures of Tomato Stems Biochar on Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat Plant Grown in Sandy Soil

The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characteristics of Fodder Beet Biochar

The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Characteristics of Fodder Beet Biochar

Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time on Biochar Properties and Its Potential for Climate Change Mitigation

The thermochemical conversion of disposable bamboo chopstick (DBC) wastes into biochar is a practical strategy for converting waste into resources. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature and holding time on the physicochemical properties of DBC biochar and its potential for climate change mitigation. Properties affecting the biochar efficiency and potential for application were analyzed: moisture content (MC), volatile matter (VM), fixed carbon (FC), ash, pH, and carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) content. Six different pyrolysis conditions were studied, with temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C and holding times of 20 and 60 min, at a constant heating rate. The results demonstrated that temperature and holding time significantly affected the physicochemical properties and performance of the biochar. Increases in %C, %FC, %N, and pH and reductions in %MC, %VM, %H, and %O were found when the temperature was increased at different holding times. The aromaticity increased and the polarity decreased significantly with increasing temperature and holding time. The results showed that temperature interacts significantly with holding time, and these two factors jointly affect the contents of MC, ash, FC, C, H, N, and O (R2 of 0.997) and pH (R2of 0.999). The DBC biochar obtained via pyrolysis at 450 °C and 500 °C for 20 and 60 min could be applied for climate change mitigation. The best DBC biochar was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C and a holding time of 20 min. This biochar showed good hydrophobicity, tremendous stability, the highest C (88.06%) and FC (76.49%) values, and the lowest ash (2.62%) and VM (19.23%) contents. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-04-07 Full Text: PDF

Effect of pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide at different pHs on corn stalk: Characterizations of structure, composition, and pyrolysis properties

Appropriate pretreatment plays a pivotal role in biomass pyrolysis as it facilitates high-value utilization of pyrolysis products. In this study, hydrogen peroxide pretreatment with cleanliness, economy, and efficiency was applied for fast pyrolysis of corn stalks. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, hydrogen peroxide pretreatment, and different pHs on the structure of corn stalks and the properties of resultant pyrolysis products were investigated. The results revealed that the pretreatment could effectively promote lignin depolymerization and significantly reduce the reaction activation energy (E). Meanwhile, the pretreatment increased the cellulose content and removed the majority of alkali and alkaline earth metals from the biomass. The removal of lignin and ash by the pretreatment was affected by the pH of the hydrogen peroxide solution. Moreover, the composition of bio-oil changed significantly. Among them, the relative content of levoglucosan in the bio-oil from untreated raw material was only 1.38 %. After pretreatment, the relative content of levoglucosan was up to 14.5 %. The present findings offer valuable guidance for the further exploration and exploitation on hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for depolymerization of woody fibrous biomass as well as for the preparation of high-value chemical products.