Pyridyl Moiety Research Articles

Novel thiazole-based cyanoacrylamide derivatives: DNA cleavage, DNA/BSA binding properties and their anticancer behaviour against colon and breast cancer cells

A novel series of 2-cyano-3-(pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)acrylamide derivatives (3a–f) were synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation and characterized using various spectral tools. The weak nuclease activity of compounds (3a–f) against pBR322 plasmid DNA was greatly enhanced by irradiation at 365 nm. Compounds 3b and 3c, incorporating thienyl and pyridyl moieties, respectively, exhibited the utmost nuclease activity in degrading pBR322 plasmid DNA through singlet oxygen and superoxide free radicals’ species. Furthermore, compounds 3b and 3c affinities towards calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis. They revealed good binding characteristics towards CT-DNA with Kb values of 6.68 × 104 M−1 and 1.19 × 104 M−1 for 3b and 3c, respectively. In addition, compounds 3b and 3c ability to release free radicals on radiation were targeted to be used as cytotoxic compounds in vitro for colon (HCT116) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. A significant reduction in the cell viability on illumination at 365 nm was observed, with IC50 values of 23 and 25 µM against HCT116 cells, and 30 and 9 µM against MDA-MB-231 cells for compounds 3b and 3c, respectively. In conclusion, compounds 3b and 3c exhibited remarkable DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activity on illumination at 365 nm which might be associated with free radicals’ production in addition to having a good affinity for interacting with CT-DNA and BSA.Graphical

Mol-ecular structure of tris-[(6-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)meth-yl]amine.

Coordination compounds of polydentate nitro-gen ligands with metals are used extensively in research areas such as catalysis, and as models of complex active sites of enzymes in bioinorganic chemistry. Tris(2-pyridyl-meth-yl)amine (TPA) is a tripodal tetra-dentate ligand that is known to form coordination compounds with metals, including copper, iron and zinc. The related compound, tris-[(6-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)meth-yl]amine (TPABr3), C18H15Br3N4, which possesses a bromine atom on the 6-position of each of the three pyridyl moieties, is also known but has not been heavily investigated. The mol-ecular structure of TPABr3 as determined by X-ray diffraction is reported here. The TPABr3 molecule belongs to the triclinic, P space group and displays interesting intermolecular Br⋯Br interactions that provide a stabilizing influence within the molecule.

Endolysin CHAP domain-carbosilane metallodendrimer complexes with triple action on Gram-negative bacteria: Membrane destabilization, reactive oxygen species production and peptidoglycan degradation

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a significant challenge that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Gram-negative bacteria are particularly problematic due to an outer membrane (OM). Current alternatives to antibiotics include antimicrobial peptides or proteins and multifunctional systems such as dendrimers. Antimicrobial proteins such as lysins can degrade the bacterial cell wall, whereas dendrimers can permeabilize the OM, enhancing the activity of endolysins against gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we present a three-stage action of endolysin combined with two different carbosilane (CBS) silver metallodendrimers, in which the periphery is modified with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands coordinating a silver atom. The different NHC ligands contained hydrophobic methyl or N-donor pyridyl moieties. The effects of these endolysin/dendrimer combinations are based on OM permeabilization, peptidoglycan degradation, and reactive oxygen species production. The results showed that CBS possess a permeabilization effect (first action), significantly reduced bacterial growth at higher concentrations alone and in the presence of endolysin, increased ROS production (second action), and led to bacterial cell damage (third action). The complex formed between the CHAP domain of endolysin and a CBS silver metallodendrimer, with a triple mechanism of action, may represent an excellent alternative to other antimicrobials with only one resistance mechanism.

Impact of ligand substituents on the spiral arrangement in glutarohydrazide-based binuclear-iron(II) helicates

Coordination-driven self-assembly, particularly, helical metal complexes are quite interesting considering their distinctive architectures. Herein, we assemble new Fe(II) compounds namely, [Fe2(L1)2](BF4)4·2H2O, 1 and [Fe2(L2)2](BF4)4, 2 from flexible glutarohydazide ligands featuring helical-like di-nuclear arrays. Structurally, in all the compounds, the two chelating ligands were arranged differently, i.e. inverted U-shaped conformation for 1 and a twisted spiral arrangement for 2 were observed respectively. Interestingly, the observed structural variations of all compounds are a result of the ligand substituents in the six positions of the pyridyl moiety in which the relatively bulky methyl group substituted ligand resists the spiral arrangement which was observed in the Br substituted analog. Magnetic investigations revealed that compounds 1 and 2 are in the high spin state at all the measured temperature ranges. Further ligand fine-tunings in the pyridyl-aldehyde moiety for the presented helical-like arrays bearing relatively strong ligand field strength are suggested for achieving the spin crossover (SCO) event.

Mitigating Cobalt Phthalocyanine Aggregation in Electrocatalyst Films through Codeposition with an Axially Coordinating Polymer.

Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) is a promising molecular catalyst for aqueous electroreduction of CO2, but its catalytic activity is limited by aggregation at high loadings. Codeposition of CoPc onto electrode surfaces with the coordinating polymer poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) mitigates aggregation in addition to providing other catalytic enhancements. Transmission and diffuse reflectance UV-vis measurements demonstrate that a combination of axial coordination and π-stacking effects from pyridyl moieties in P4VPserve to disperse cobalt phthalocyanine in deposition solutions and help prevent reaggregation in deposited films. Polymers lacking axial coordination, such as Nafion, are significantly less effective at cobalt phthalocyanine dispersion in both the deposition solution and in the deposited films. SEM images corroborate these findings through particle counts and morphological analysis. Electrochemical measurements show that CoPc codeposited with P4VPonto carbon electrode surfaces reduces CO2 with higher activity and selectivity compared to the catalyst codeposited with Nafion.

The Some pyridyl moiety based metal complexes (viz., Mn+2, Co+2 and Zn+2) as potential anticancer agents and DNA nucleobase interaction: A DFT Approach

The Some pyridyl moiety based metal complexes (viz., Mn+2, Co+2 and Zn+2) as potential anticancer agents and DNA nucleobase interaction: A DFT Approach

Synthesis of MD‐1‐2 co‐sensitizers for 10.35% efficient acid–base pairing with N3 in DSSCs

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of novel organic dyes MD‐1‐2 as active acid and base co‐sensitizers in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), using well‐known Ru(II)‐based N3 dyes. These co‐sensitizers contain a triphenylamine ring as a donor scaffold linked with an electron‐withdrawing cyanopyridyl and cyano benzoic acid acceptor for MD‐1‐2. In this study, we demonstrated the significant impact of base dyes with pyridine anchoring units on the photovoltaic parameters of N3‐sensitized devices. This methodology takes advantage of the ability of carboxyl and pyridyl moieties to interact with the Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites on TiO2 surfaces, respectively. By reducing competition between dyes for surface binding, dye packing density on the TiO2 is enhanced while electron recombination is minimized, leading to higher photovoltage. Furthermore, the influence of varying sensitizer/co‐sensitizer ratios was comprehensively studied. Outcomes showed devices made using co‐sensitizer MD‐1‐2 with sensitizer N3 at all relative concentrations surpassed those with only N3. Importantly, the co‐sensitized devices that were made utilizing 0.3 mM acid–base MD‐1 and N3 sensitizer had the greatest solar energy capacity. It had a power conversion efficiency of 10.35%, a short‐circuit current density of 20.01 mA·cm−2, and an open‐circuit voltage of 752 mV. The results provide fresh insight into optimizing devices to create DSSCs with improved efficiency by choosing acceptable co‐sensitizers at suitable concentrations.

Fused double oxazolidine vs Imine ligands and Zn-complexes formation: Experimental and theoretical calculations

The condensation reaction between minodiols and carboxaldehydes offers the possibility to obtain either 1-aza-3,7-dioxabicycle[3.3.0]octane (namely here as fused double oxazolidine) or imine compounds. Till now, only limited information is available regarding the factors influencing this behavior. Thus, the present work explored the substituent effect on the reactivity of aminodiols with pyridine carboxaldehydes both in the presence and absence of Zn (II). Without the presence of the metal, the condensation reactions favor the production of fused double oxazolidine derivatives, with identification of both cis and trans isomers in relation to the pyridyl moieties. Notably, the presence of a methyl substituent favors the trans isomers owing to the steric hindrance effect, while a hydrogen substituent favors the cis isomers. Conversely, in the presence of ZnCl2, the main product is the imine-metal complex when the substituent is a methyl group. However, in the presence of a hydrogen substituent, both the imine-metal and the fused double oxazolidine-metal complexes were produced as a mixture in similar proportions. These experimental results are supported by theoretical calculations.

Molecular mechanism of action of imidazolium carbosilane dendrimers on the outer bacterial membrane – From membrane damage to permeability to antimicrobial endolysin

The outer bacterial membrane of drug-resistant bacteria is a significant barrier to many antimicrobials. Therefore, the development of new antibacterials primarily focuses on damaging the outer bacterial membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Among many membrane-disrupting substances, the most promising are cationic dendritic systems. However, the mode of action may vary among different strains due to variations in the lipid compositions of the membrane. Here, we investigated the interaction of two types of cationic imidazolium carbosilane dendrimers: one with a single cationic group (methyl imidazolium) and the other with the same cationic group but attached to a functional group (a pendant pyridyl moiety), capable of establishing interactions with membranes through H-bonding or ion–dipole electrostatic interactions. We used different models of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria – Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, we assessed the combined effect of the dendrimers and the antibacterial endolysin on P. aeruginosa. Our results show that the mechanism of action depends on the type of dendrimer and the lipid composition of the membrane. We also demonstrate that the alteration of membrane fluidity and permeability to endolysin by the methyl imidazolium and pyridyl imidazolium dendrimers may play a more significant role in antimicrobial activity compared to membrane damage caused by positively charged dendrimers.

Fractionation of flavonols and anthocyanins in winemaking residues using molecularly imprinted cellulose‐synthetic hybrid particles with pyridyl active surface

AbstractHybrid cellulose‐synthetic particles with surface active pyridyl moieties and molecularly imprinted cavities for quercetin were prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization. The functionalization of the materials with pyridyl groups was confirmed by FTIR and the SEM micrographs of the hybrid particles demonstrate a clear surface modification compared with the pristine cellulose. Competitive sorption/desorption testing of the imprinted and non‐imprinted particles with standard polyphenols show the achievement of an imprinting factor IF ∼8. Moreover, it was also confirmed the high retention capability of the hybrid materials for polyphenols, due to their strong binding with the surface pyridyl moieties, even when using hydroalcoholic solvents of high ethanol content (e.g., ethanol/water 80/20 v/v). The sorption capabilities of the synthesized materials for polyphenols were explored with the fractionation of flavonols and anthocyanins in winemaking residues. High concentration and enrichment factors were achieved for high‐added value compounds, namely five times for quercetin and 12 for quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide with a diatomaceous earth extract and up to 4 for flavonols in a grape pomace (e.g. myricetin and quercetin glucosides). This research demonstrates the feasibility for the combination between the development of engineered materials addressing sustainability with their application to the valorization of agro‐industrial wastes.

Modular Synthesis of Benzoylpyridines Exploiting a Reductive Arylation Strategy.

Herein we disclose a telescoped flow strategy to access electronically differentiated bisaryl ketones as potentially new and tunable photosensitizers containing both electron-rich benzene systems and electron-deficient pyridyl moieties. Our approach merges a light-driven (365 nm) and catalyst-free reductive arylation between aromatic aldehydes and cyanopyridines with a subsequent oxidation process. The addition of electron-donating and withdrawing substituents on the scaffold allowed effective modification of the absorbance of these compounds in the UV-vis region, while the continuous flow process affords high yields, short residence time, and high throughput.

New Zwitterionic Imidazolones with Enhanced Water Solubility and Bioavailability: Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Molecular Docking

Finding an effective anticancer drug to combat cancer cell resistance remains a challenge. Herein, we synthesized a new series of imidazolone derivatives 4a–4i and assessed their anticancer activities against liver cancer cells (Hep3B), Hela cells, and normal LX2 cells. The imidazolne derivatives were synthesized by the condensation cyclization reaction using the natural product vanillin as a starting material. Among the synthesized imidazolones are those with an alkyl sulfate moiety that are water-soluble and showed enhanced anticancer activity against the tested cancer cells. The anticancer testing results showed that compound 4d with the NO2 group at position 4 of the benzene ring was superior to the other compounds; it showed an IC50 value of 134.2 ± 4.4 µM against Hep3B cells, while compound 4h with the pyridyl moiety showed the highest cytotoxicity against Hela cells with an IC50 of 85.1 ± 2.1 µM. The anticancer activity of some imidazolones was greatly enhanced by adding to them the zwitterionic properties that made them more polar and water-soluble. DNA binding studies with compounds 4a1, 4d, and 4g indicated a docking score ranging from approximately −6.8 to −8.7 kcal/mol. This could be attributed to the outstanding interaction between the molecule and the DNA binding sites, which primarily relies on its inherent capability to establish hydrogen bonds, facilitated by the electron pair present at the oxygen atoms and the drug’s amino group. In conclusion, water-soluble imidazolone with zwitterionic functionality could be a promising tool for the development of anticancer medication. To outline the general idea and the relationships for the effect of the developed compounds under study, as well as their mechanism of action, further extensive research is also necessary.

Design of composite based on UiO-66 and ionic liquid for the CO2 conversion into cyclocarbonate

Exploiting an effective catalyst for CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals under mild circumstances still remains a challenge. Herein, UiO-66 decorated with ionic liquids (ILs) (denoted as UiO-66-ILs) were facilely synthesized by the mixed ligands of 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid and pyridyl-containing mono-carboxylic acid isomer (including nicotinic acid (NA), isonicotinic acid (INA), and 2-pyridine carboxylic acid (PCA)), followed by the further modification with different bromoalkanes. Among various UiO-66-ILs, UiO-66 derivative containing the ILs composed of PCA and bromoethane (named as UiO-66-ILs(PCA-EtBr)) displayed superior catalytic performance on CO2-epichlorohydrin cycloaddition into chloropropene carbonate, with a high yield of 90 % under 0.1 MPa CO2 at 110 °C without the addition of any solvent and cocatalyst. Whereas, UiO-66-ILs(NA-EtBr) and UiO-66-ILs(INA-EtBr) as analogues of UiO-66-ILs(PCA-EtBr) presented a low yield of 77 % and 67 %, respectively, unveiling that the orientation of carboxyl at monocarboxyl pyridine ligand played a great influence on the catalytic activity. The excellent activity of UiO-66-ILs(PCA-EtBr) was attributed to the synergetic effect of Lewis acidity from MOF nodes for activating C–O bond of epoxide, CO2 absorption by pyridyl moiety, and nucleophilicity of ILs decoration. In addition, UiO-66-ILs(PCA-EtBr) exhibited a broad scope of epoxide substrate, as well as a great recyclability. Moreover, a possible catalytic mechanism was proposed for CO2 conversion into cyclocarbonate.

Structural Diversity in Cyclometalated Diiridium(III) Complexes with Bridging syn and anti μ2‐Oxamidato and μ2‐Dithioxamidato Ligands

AbstractSix new diiridium complexes containing 2‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyridyl as the cyclometalating ligand with a μ2‐oxamidato or a μ2‐dithioxamidato ligand as the bridge have been synthesized in 60–73 % yields. These complexes were revealed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy to contain inseparable mixtures of diastereomers (rac, ΔΔ/ΛΛ and meso, ΔΛ) with bridges in anti and syn configurations. The remarkable variety of isomers present was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography on single crystals grown from mixtures of each complex. In one complex with a N,N’‐bis(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐μ2‐oxamidato bridge, two single crystals of anti and syn isomers were structurally determined. Two single crystals of the μ2‐dithioxamidato bridge complex were found to contain rac and meso forms of the syn isomer. Hybrid DFT computations on the four isomers of each diiridium complex revealed negligible energetic preferences for one isomer despite the methyl groups in the 2‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyridyl cyclometalating ligands being close to the neighboring methyl groups and the bridge, thus supporting the experimental findings of isomer mixtures. Two distinct broad emissions with maxima at 522–529 nm and at 689–701 nm observed in these complexes in dichloromethane are attributed to mixed metal‐ligand to ligand charge transfer (MLLCT) excited states involving the pyridyl and bridge moieties respectively with the aid of electronic structure computations.

Beneficial Effect of Acetic Acid on the Formation of FeIII(OOH) Species and on the Catalytic Activity of Bioinspired Nonheme FeII Complexes.

AbstractThree new amine/pyridine FeII complexes bearing pentadentate ligand with one, two or three electron enriched 4‐methoxy‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine were used as catalysts for the oxidation of small organic molecules by hydrogen peroxide. The distribution of products formed suggests that these ligands are not enough electron donating to promote the O−O heterolytic cleavage of the oxidant in order to generate selective FeV(O) species. Using acetic acid in the reaction mixtures results in a significant increase of the efficiency of these catalytic systems. Our investigations show that the use of AcOH leads to the protonation/dissociation of a pyridyl moiety and the formation of (N4)FeII(OAc)(OH) species. These complexes readily react with excess hydrogen peroxide to yield (N4)FeIII(OAc)(OOH) intermediates. These latter intermediates are proposed to evolve into (N4)FeIV(OAc)(O), which are more efficient than the usual (N4)FeIV(O) and (N5)FeIV(O).

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Silicon-Containing Ethylsulfonylpyridine Insecticides.

Ethylsulfonylpyridines are a novel chemical class of insecticides with excellent broad-spectrum activity and an unprecedented mode of action. With the objective of discovering novel ethylsulfonylpyridines with a broader spectrum, wider range of uses, and/or improved properties, we have started a research program aimed at introducing silicon motifs and studying their biological effects. We designed a series of Oxazosulfyl analogues where the hydrogen atom at the 5-position of the pyridyl moiety is replaced by a trialkylsilyl group and prepared these compounds applying denovo synthetic methodology. Our novel ethylsulfonylpyridines exhibit excellent insecticidal activities. The best compound, A18, resulting from our research exhibited an LC50 value of 0.30 mg/L against Plutella xylostella and reached the activity level of the commercial standard Oxazosulfyl. Our findings confirmed our working hypothesis that at the 5-position of the pyridyl moiety larger groups with different hydrophobic, electronic, and steric properties are tolerated.

A 2-Anilidomethylpyridine Ligand Framework Showcasing Hydride Storage and Transfer Abilities in Its Aluminum Chemistry.

Dearomatized 1,4-dihydropyridyl motifs are significant in both chemistry and biology for their potential abilities to deliver the stored hydride, driven by rearomatization. Biological cofactors like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and organic 'hydride sources' like Hantzsch esters are prime examples. An organoaluminum chemistry on a 2-anilidomethylpyridine framework is reported, where such hydride storage and transfer abilities are displayed by the ligand's pyridyl unit. The pyridylmethylaniline proligand (NN LH) is simultaneously deprotonated and 1,4-hydroaluminated by AlH3 (NMe2 Et) to [(NN Lde )AlH(NMe2 Et)] (1; NN Lde =hydride-inserted dearomatized version of NN L). A hydride abstraction by B(C6 F5 )3 rearomatizes the pyridyl moiety to give the cationic aluminum hydride [(NN L)AlH(NMe2 Et)][HB(C6 F5 )3 ] (6). Notably, such chemical non-innocence is priorly unseen in this established ligand class. The hydroalumination mechanism is investigated by isolating the intermediate [(NN L)AlH2 ] (2) and by control experiments, and is also analyzed by DFT calculation. The results advocate an intriguing 'self-promoting' pathway, which underlines alane's Lewis acid/Brønsted base duality. NMe2 Et carrying the alane also plays a crucial role. In contrast, the chemistry between NN LH and AlMe3 is much different, giving only [(NN L)AlMe2 ] (4) from the adduct [(NN LH)AlMe3 ] (3) by deprotonation but not a subsequent pyridyl dearomatization in the presence or absence of NMe2 Et. This divergence is also justified by DFT analyses.

Block copolymer particles with tunable and robust internal nanostructures by combining hydrogen-bonding and crosslinking

Nanostructured block copolymer (BCP) particles are attractive due to their ordered internal structures, unique shape and surface patterns; however, their structural integrity can be easily lost because of weak intermolecular interactions, which limits their practical applications. In this study, we present a simple and reliable method to fabricate nanostructured particles of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) with tunable and robust nanostructures by employing hydrogen-bonding and cross-linking strategies. The key feature of poly(4-vinylpyridine) is the presence of reactive pyridyl moieties, which allow precise regulation of internal nanostructures via hydrogen bonds and locking of the structural integrity via quaternarization by feeding hydrogen bond donors and cross-linkers, respectively. The solvent resistance is well proven by immersing the particles in either selective solvents of the continuous phase or good solvent of the BCP. Furthermore, mesoporous BCP particles derived from the cross-linked particles are obtained simply by a swelling/deswelling treatment. This study provides a way to improve the structural robustness of BCP particles and could be a key step that advances the functionalization and subsequent applications of such nanostructured BCP colloidal particles.

Effect of pyridyl position on constructing acid-base dual-responsive fluorophores with ESIPT and AIE characteristics

Exceedingly large Stokes shift solid-state fluorescent materials with acid/base dual responses are promising for potential practical applications. However, their realization is extremely challenging because of the difficulty in designing molecules possessing these functionalities simultaneously. Herein, three pyridyl-modified 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) isomers (o-Py-HBT, m-Py-HBT, and p-Py-HBT) were rationally designed with a pyridyl group located at ortho, meso, and para positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl (-OH), respectively. These compounds are both excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)- and aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active. The intrinsic –OH and introduced pyridyl moiety were exploited as base- and acid-responsive units, respectively. Among the three HBT isomers, m-Py-HBT exhibited the most significant emission shift upon acidic stimuli. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the prominent intramolecular charge transfer of the protonated keto-tautomer of m-Py-HBT accounts for the trifluoroacetic acid-induced bathochromic shift of ∼33 nm. In addition, it was concluded that intramolecular H-bonding strength and –OH acidity jointly affected the base response. Finally, m-Py-HBT was successfully applied for the fabrication of trichromatic fluorescent patterns upon acid or base stimulation, exhibiting great application potential for encrypted pattern production. The exploration of structure-property correlations provides experimental and theoretical guidance for designing and developing multi-stimuli responsive solid-state molecular switches.

The heterometallic one-dimensional solvated coordination polymer [NiPt2Cl6(TRIP-Py)4]n.

The ditopic ligand 10-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-9-phospha-10-silatriptycene (TRIP-Py, C29H20NPSi) binds as a pyridine donor to NiII and as a phosphatriptycene donor towards PtII. The selectivity relies entirely on the Pearson character of the donor sites and the matching hardness of the respective metal cations. The product is the one-dimensional coordination polymer catena-poly[[[dichloridonickel(II)]-bis{μ-10-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-9-phospha-10-silatriptycene}-bis[dichloridoplatinum(II)]-bis{μ-10-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl]-9-phospha-10-silatriptycene}] dichloromethane pentasolvate ethanol icosasolvate], {[NiPt2Cl6(TRIP-Py)4]·5CH2Cl2·20EtOH}n (1), which retains large pores due to the inherent rigidity of the ligand. This is enabled by the caged triptycene scaffold which fixes the direction of the phosphorus donor with respect to the remaining molecule and especially the pyridyl moiety. In its crystal structure, which was determined from synchrotron data, the pores of the polymer are filled with dichloromethane and ethanol molecules. Finding a suitable model for the pore content is complicated as it is too disordered to give a reasonable atomic model but too ordered to be described by an electron gas solvent mask. This article presents an in-depth description of this polymer, as well as a discussion on the use of the bypass algorithm for solvent masks.