Pyogenes Bacteria Research Articles

How to Survive Sepsis: Patient Testimonial.

Leaving university I started working for the Belgian National Radio as a journalist. I used to travel a lot and produce radio features about life abroad and how people all over the world dealt with the different challenges in society. A privileged job that I enjoyed doing for many years. In the meantime, I got married and became a mother of two sons. Nothing to worry about, so it seemed, until January 30, 2009. I had been fighting the symptoms of flu for some days. Instead of recovering, I began to feel worse and worse: I had a high fever, was asleep most of the time, could barely eat or drink, and had to cough a lot. The general practitioner sent me to hospital. A few hours later, I had to be reanimated. It was a close call: I was infected by the Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. My blood started thickening, my organs stopped functioning, and I went into a septic shock, followed by a cardiac arrest. I was successfully reanimated, but still not stable. For 10 days, I was fighting to survive at the intensive care unit (ICU), with several cardiac arrests and reanimations, some of which were long-lasting. The Head of the ICU informed my husband that there was less than 5% chance to survive and if so, he could not predict what kind of damage there would be: the amount of drugs that I had been given, including noradrenaline, was so extremely high, that it became very unclear how my body would respond to it. And if, as by miracle, I would survive: what kind of damage would there be? Physical? Mental? Physical and mental? No specialist could answer those questions. But both the health care professionals and my family fought to keep me alive.

Silver nanoparticles conjugated amoxicillin: A promising nano-suspension for overcoming multidrug resistance bacteria and preservation of endotracheal tube

Growing cases of multi-drug resistance (MRS) among microorganisms pathogenic have rendered antibiotics incompetent. For that reason, present research endeavors are focused on devising ground-breaking solutions to this pressing problem, together with the progression of new antibiotics and the increase of their effectiveness. In our study, we produced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antibiotics Amoxicillin (AMO) separately, also, we used a combination of amoxicillin with Ag NPs (AMO@AgNPs) by co-friendly method of Pulsed laser ablation (PLAL). UV/Vi spectrophotometer, XRD, TEM, and FTIR were used to investigate characterizations of Amoxicillin conjugated AgNPs. To evaluated their antibacterial activity, we study activity of silver nanoparticles, Amoxicillin, and their conjugated AMO@AgNPs against two types of human pathogen using a well diffusion method. The results showed AMO @Ag nanoparticles were spherical in shape, with a size distribution between 12 and 97 nm, with an average diameter of 32 nm. Conjugates of AgNPs and amoxicillin have anti-bacterial properties against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria more than Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. Moreover, the results confirmed that the AMO@AgNPs was more active than either AgNPs alone or Amoxicillin alone. Furthermore, studied on biofilm formation and endotracheal tube effects via AFM thickness measurement evaluation showed properties of AMO@AgNPs in preventing biofilm formation in endotracheal tubes. This study's conclusion emphasizes the creation of Amoxicillin-conjugated silver nanoparticles as a critical strategy for dealing with bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. The study highlights the benefits of AMO-AgNPs as a potentially effective treatment against bacteria. Moreover, our findings suggests that AMO@AgNPs may be useful as breathing tube preservative.

Effect Of Rambusa Fruit Extract (Passiflora Foetida) On The Growth Of Streptococcus Pyogenes Bacteria

Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacteria that can attack the epidermis and upper respiratory tract of humans, such as pharyngitis and impetigo. The rambusa plant (Passiflora foetida L) is famous for containing larvicide bioactive compounds. It also contains alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, procyanidins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, citric acid, acetogens, polyphenols, and saponins. A minority of individuals continue to employ this herb sporadically as an antibacterial agent. Intrigued by this phenomenon, the researchers set out to examine the effect of rambusa fruit (Passiflora foetida) administration on the Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium development inhibitory zone. This research uses Only Post Test Control Group Design, exclusively experimental. The population for this study was Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria obtained from the microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya. There were 24 samples in this study, with four repetitions per sample and consisting of 6 groups, including a treatment group with 4 subgroups (10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%), as well as two control groups. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that a concentration of 80% in the Passiflora foetida fruit extract treatment group resulted in an inhibitory zone diameter of 8.5 mm, which was statistically significant (P<0.05). The conclusion is that administration of rambusa fruit extract (Passiflora foetida) can inhibit bacterial growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, with the average highest inhibitory zone diameter being 8.5 mm

Impact of Interleukin-37 and Vitamin D on children with Streptococcus pyogenes sore throat in Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq

Sore throat is a common presentation in pediatric office settings and emergency departments. Bacterial infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes represented about 25% of sore throat in children. The study aimed to find a relationship between interleukin-37 and vitamin D levels in children with sore throat infection by S. pyogenes bacteria from Salah Al-din General Hospital and Samarra General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq. The number of sore throat patients in the present study was 317, aged between 5 and 17 years old. The control group included 80 healthy individuals. Throat swabs from children were collected and aseptically inoculated on Petri plate media. Blood samples were collected from patients and control children for determination of Vitamin D and IL-37 by ELISA. The study showed that 30.28% (96 of 317) of the children studied were infected with S. pyogenes bacteria. The results revealed a significant elevation in the mean IL-37 level among children with S. pyogenes infection (96.9±12.2 pg/ml) compared to the control group (62.5±11.3 pg/ml) (p-value = 0.0001). Furthermore, children with S. pyogenes infection had a significantly lower mean vitamin D level (22.3±6.1 pg/ml) compared to the control group (52.8±3.08 pg/ml) (p-value = 0.0001). In conclusion, this study provides evidence of significant alterations in immune markers, including IL-37, and vitamin D levels, in children with S. pyogenes infection compared to the control group. These findings suggest the involvement of these immune markers in the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes infection.

Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Methanol Extract of Red Galangal Rhizome (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum) Against Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia Bacteria

Red galangal rhizome (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. Red galangal rhizomes have antibacterial benefits because they contain active substances such as flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and tannins. Streptococcus pyogenes causes bacterial infections of the skin and upper respiratory tract, while Klebsiella pneumonia is the bacteria that causes pneumonia. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of methanol extract of red galangal rhizomes (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum) against Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. This research is an experimental laboratory with a post-test-only controlled group design. Red galangal rhizomes were extracted using methanol solvent and tested for antibacterial effectiveness using the well method. There were 6 groups in the study, namely the chloramphenicol positive control group, the distilled water negative control group, and the 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% concentration groups. The largest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concentration of 80%, with an average of 25.50 mm in Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and 28.73 mm in Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria. In conclusion, methanol extract of red galangal rhizome (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum) effective against bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia.

Management of Streptococcus pyogenes Preseptal Cellulitis in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC)

Introduction : Preseptal cellulitis were more common in children than adults. Preseptal cellulitis was an infection involving the anterior part of the orbita septum. Management of preseptal cellulitis, especially in children, were important to save visual function.
 Case Illustration : A boy, 1 year 8 months, was complained by his mother with swollen and redness on both eyes. The patient has a history of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC) and Global Developmental Delay (GDD). Both eyes were edema, hyperemia, excoriation, bleeding, tenderness on eyelid, and conjunctival injection. Blood Culture examination results showed Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Patient was receiving therapy of antibiotics cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin, methylprednisolone intravena, enoxaparin subcutaneous injection, moxifloxacin and prednisolone asetat eye drops during hospitalization at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital.
 Discussion : A patient with fever and respiratory tract infection was diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis. Preseptal cellulitis is a common infection of the eyelid and periorbita soft tissues characterized by acute eyelid erythema and edema. Antibiotic therapy had been started before blood culture examination. This study discusses toddler with preseptal cellulitis treated with antibiotics showing good results.
 ConclusionPreseptal cellulitis due tue multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children was an infection of the soft tissues of the eye that requires a multidisciplinary approach in management therapy. Early detection and adequate therapy have been proven to significantly improve patient survival rates and quality of life.

The antibacterial and toxicological studies of mycosynthesis silver nanoparticles by isolated phenols from agaricus bisporus

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilized in biomedical and antibacterial fields. However, their use poses a risk and danger of Ag+ absorption into human tissue via skin penetration. This study focuses on the facile and eco-friendly approach to synthesizing uniformly distributed and spherically shaped phenol capped AgNPs using Agaricus bisporus. The synthesis process was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy peak at 430 nm. Further characterizations were performed by XRD, and TEM. The phenol-capped AgNPs (average diameter is 11.81 nm) exhibit excellent colloidal stability in an aqueous solution with a zeta potential of −32.9 mV. The presence of phenols in the AgNPs suspension, which include CAFFICACID, QUERCETIN, GALLIC ACID, ROSMARINIC ACID, SINAPIC, and SYNIRGIC was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The study investigated their antibacterial activity against colonies of palm-hand bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria even in small doses was investigated. Damage to the cell wall, mitochondria, and DNA by nanoparticles has been proposed as an antibacterial mechanism. Toxicological parameters such as histological study of skin and vital organ tissue, hematological, serum biochemistry, and fatality incidence were investigated. There were no harmful effects or damage caused by phenol-capped AgNPs in albino mouse organs when compared to the vehicle group. Toxicological evidence supports the use of mycosynthesized phenol-capped AgNPs in non-alcohol hand sanitizer.

RETRACTED: Accelerative effects of alginate-chitosan/titanium oxide@geraniol nanosphere hydrogels on the healing process of wounds infected with Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of alginate-chitosan/titanium oxide/geraniol (Alg-Csn/TiO2@GRL nanosphere) nanospheres hydrogels on the healing process of the wounds infected with Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. The nanospheres were successfully synthesized and their physicochemical properties such as DLS, FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD and also their safety and in-vitro antibacterial activity were assessed and confirmed. Following induction of the infected wounds, the mice were treated with s base ointment (Control), mupirocin® as standard control group and also hydrogels prepared from Alg-Csn@GRL, Alg-Csn/TiO2 and Alg-Csn/TiO2@GRL. Wound contraction, total bacterial count, expression of bFGF, VEGF, IGF-1, CD68 and COL-1 A, iNOS and eNOS were measured. The results showed the treatment of wounds with Alg-Csn/TiO2@GRL hydrogels significantly accelerated wound contraction, decreased total bacterial count and reduced the expressions of CD68, iNOS and eNOS and increased the expressions of VEGF, bFGF, IGF-1 and COL-1 A compared with other groups. It can be concluded that Alg-Csn/TiO2@GRL hydrogels expedite the wound healing process by their effects on bacteria and subsequently inflammation and increasing the expression of proliferative genes. The Alg-Csn/TiO2@GRL hydrogel can be utilized in combination with other agents for the treatment of infected wounds after future clinical studies.

Identification of phenolic content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Lonicera caucasica PALLAS subsp. orientalis leaves

Phenolic compounds, which are a prevalent type of secondary metabolite, are responsible for the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties found in the extracts. To contribute new knowledge to scientific literature, it is essential to study the phenolic content and bioactivity of plant parts that have not been previously studied or are unknown. Lonicera caucasica PALLAS subsp. orientalis is an endemic species that grows in a few cities in Türkiye. The study involved extracting L. caucasica leaves using methanol. The resulting fraction was then analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to determine the phenolic content of the extract. The quantities of 22 out of the 67 phenolic compounds that were identified were determined. Among these, the top three in terms of quantity are chlorogenic acid, with a concentration of 2.223 ± 0.065 mg g-1, followed by quinic acid at 2.163 ± 0.057 mg g-1, and syringic acid at 1.192 ± 0.036 mg g-1. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using the ABTS•+, DPPH (SC50, mg/mL) and FRAP (μM, TEAC) methods. The values were calculated to be 0.0135 ± 0.0001, 0.0136 ± 0.0001, and 2368.88 ± 2.94, respectively. Furthermore, the extracted substance was subjected to tests against three gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Escherichia coli) and three gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus megaterium, and Streptococcus pyogenes). The outcomes of the tests were documented. The highest level of antibacterial activity was found to be against P. aeruginosa. Based on the findings, it has been determined that the leaves of L. caucasica contain a considerable amount of phenolic content, exhibit exceptional antioxidant activity, and display a strong antibacterial effect.

HLA-II-Dependent Neuroimmune Changes in Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, GAS) bacteria cause a spectrum of human diseases ranging from self-limiting pharyngitis and mild, uncomplicated skin infections (impetigo, erysipelas, and cellulitis) to highly morbid and rapidly invasive, life-threatening infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis (NF). HLA class II allelic polymorphisms are linked with differential outcomes and severity of GAS infections. The dysregulated immune response and peripheral cytokine storm elicited due to invasive GAS infections increase the risk for toxic shock and multiple organ failure in genetically susceptible individuals. We hypothesized that, while the host immune mediators regulate the immune responses against peripheral GAS infections, these interactions may simultaneously trigger neuropathology and, in some cases, induce persistent alterations in the glial phenotypes. Here, we studied the consequences of peripheral GAS skin infection on the brain in an HLA-II transgenic mouse model of GAS NF with and without treatment with an antibiotic, clindamycin (CLN). Mice expressing the human HLA-II DR3 (DR3) or the HLA-II DR4 (DR4) allele were divided into three groups: (i) uninfected controls, (ii) subcutaneously infected with a clinical GAS strain isolated from a patient with GAS NF, and (iii) GAS-infected with CLN treatment (10 mg/kg/5 days, intraperitoneal). The groups were monitored for 15 days post-infection. Skin GAS burden and lesion area, splenic and hippocampal mRNA levels of inflammatory markers, and immunohistochemical changes in hippocampal GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity were assessed. Skin GAS burden and hippocampal mRNA levels of the inflammatory markers S100A8/A9, IL-1β, IL-33, inflammasome-related caspase-1 (Casp1), and NLRP6 were elevated in infected DR3 but not DR4 mice. The levels of these markers were significantly reduced following CLN treatment in DR3 mice. Although GAS was not detectable in the brain, astrocyte (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1) activation were evident from increased GFAP and Iba-1 mRNA levels in DR3 and DR4 mice. However, CLN treatment significantly reduced GFAP mRNA levels in DR3 mice, not DR4 mice. Our data suggest a skin-brain axis during GAS NF, demonstrating that peripherally induced pathological conditions regulate neuroimmune changes and gliotic events in the brain.

Enzymatic, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Bioactive Compounds from Avocado (Persea americana L.) Seeds

The aim of this research was to identify and quantify biologically active compounds from avocado (Persea americana L.) seeds (AS) utilizing different techniques with the use of ultrasound (US), ethanol (EtOH), and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for possible applications in (bio)medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or other relevant industries. Initially, a study of the process efficiency (η) was carried out, which revealed yields in the range of 2.96-12.11 wt%. The sample obtained using scCO2 was found to be the richest in total phenols (TPC) and total proteins (PC), while the sample obtained with the use of EtOH resulted in the highest content of proanthocyanidins (PAC). Phytochemical screening of AS samples, quantified by the HPLC method, indicated the presence of 14 specific phenolic compounds. In addition, the activity of the selected enzymes (cellulase, lipase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, transglutaminase, and superoxide dismutase) was quantified for the first time in the samples from AS. Using DPPH radical scavenging activity, the highest antioxidant potential (67.49%) was detected in the sample obtained with EtOH. The antimicrobial activity was studied using disc diffusion method against 15 microorganisms. Additionally, for the first time, the antimicrobial effectiveness of AS extract was quantified by determination of microbial growth-inhibition rates (MGIRs) at different concentrations of AS extract against three strains of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria, three strains of Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria, and fungi (Candida albicans). MGIRs and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC90) values were determined after 8 and 24 h of incubation, thus enabling the screening of antimicrobial efficacy for possible further applications of AS extracts as antimicrobial agents in (bio)medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or other industries. For example, the lowest MIC90 value was determined for B. cereus after 8 h of incubation in the case of UE and SFE extracts (70 μg/mL), indicating an outstanding result and the potential of AS extracts, as the MIC values for B. cereus have not been investigated so far.

In Vitro – The Potential of Bioinhibition of Yogurt from Etawa Goat’s Milk Toward the Growth of Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteria

AIM: This study aimed to study the probiotic lactic acid bacteria obtained from fermented Etawa goat’s milk (Yogurt) from Kopelma Village, Darussalam District, Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province, Indonesia. METHODS: This research was conducted in vitro on the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria on Yogurt using the biomass index test procedure, Ph change, and anti-adhesion test. Data obtained statistically in the form of graphs between S. pyogenes on variations in yogurt concentration and incubation time. RESULTS: At concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% indicated that Yogurt had good inhibition for the growth of S. pyogenes bacterial colonies <300 CFU (0.5 McFarland). The effect of incubation time determines the number of colonies, at incubation time of 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Yogurt can give a good response to S. pyogenes, as indicated by the increase in the Yogurt biomass index at a concentration of 100% with an incubation time of 48 h and 72 h. The best biomass index at incubation time of 24 h is at a concentration of 50%. CONCLUSION: Yogurt pH did not change significantly, both based on incubation time and concentration. Anti-adhesion activity increased according to the incubation time. While the Yogurt concentration did not show a significant difference.

Assessment of changes in Streptococcus pyogenes levels using N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase marker and pharyngeal airway space with appliance therapy in mouth breathers - An ELISA-based study.

The frequency of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in mouth-breathing children when compared to the average found in the general population is considered to be higher. Mouth breathing is considered as one of the causative factors for tonsillitis in children. Through continuous irritation on tonsillar wall, tonsils swell up and inflammation develops. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Streptococcus pyogenes count using colony-forming units (CFUs) and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase side chain marker on ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) in mouth breathers and to establish its correlation with pharyngeal airway space pre- and post-oral screen appliance therapy. A total number of 24 (n) mouth breathers aged between 5 and 12 years were included in the study and given oral screen appliance therapy. The subjects were evaluated for the various parameters before the delivery of a habit-breaking appliance and then reevaluated for the same parameters (presence of S. pyogenes and its counts, size of tonsils, and pharyngeal airway space dimensions) after 6 months of appliance usage. A statistically significant difference was seen in levels of S. pyogenes using ELISA and CFUs. Furthermore, statistically significant difference was observed in Friedman tonsil scoring and pharyngeal airway space and pre- and post-oral screen appliance therapy. Oral screen appliance therapy reduced the frequency of occurrence of tonsillitis in mouth breathers by decreasing the counts of S. pyogenes bacteria. Upper and lower pharyngeal airway space dimensions were increased after 6 months of appliance therapy in mouth breathers.

TEST OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL 70% EXTRACT KENCUR RHIZOMES (Kaempferia galanga Linn) ON Streptococcus pyogenes In Vitro

Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive bacterium that causes extensive infection, particularly in the respiratory tract and skin, also the 90% cause of pharyngitis cases encountered in the primary health care unit. Pharyngitis infections by S. pyogenes are treated with Penicillin G or other beta-lactam derivates, if left untreated or delayed may occur sekuele immunity, Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) that causes permanent damage to the heart valves or Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Morbidity due to heart failure in RHD patient. In recent years there have been reports of resistance to antibiotic treatment in S. pyogenes infections cases. In East Nusa Tenggara, Kencur rhizomes (Kaempferia galanga Linn) is used for generations to cure complaints such as cough, flu, asthma, flatulence and abdominal pain. In accordance with previous research that proved Kencur rhizomes extract is an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-helmintic, mosquito repellent, mosquito larvae growth inhibitor, vasodilator, anti-cancer, anti oxidant, sedative, anti-UVB and anti bacteria. The purpose of this research was to know the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of kencur rhizome on S. pyogenes in vitro, effectiveness of Kencur rhizome extract as antibacterial and minimal concentration of Kencur rhizome extract which can inhibit the growth of S. pyogenes. The method of this research is True Experimental Research with Posttest Only Control Group Design as design. The sample of this study, used extract ethanol of Kencur rhizome which tested using the well diffusion method to observe the antibacterial activity prepare in eight concentrations (1 (100%), 2 (50%), 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1, 56% and 0.78%), one positive control group (amoxicillin) and one negative control group (sterile aquadest) with three times replications. The results showed that the extract of ethanol Kencur rhizome has antibacterial activity but not effective as anti bacteria on the growth of S. pyogenes bacteria and the concentration 0.78% was determined as minimum inhibitory concentration.

Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological studies of novel heteroleptic Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of natural product-based semicarbazone derivatives

In this study, we describe the synthesis of novel heteroleptic Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes using two semicarbazone-based derivative ligands: ortho-phthalaldehyde disemicarbazone (L1) and dehydrozingerone semicarbazone (L2). The metal salts and the two ligands were used in a 1:1:1 ratio. The complexes were characterized by magnetic moment measurements, elemental analysis, SEM-EDX, liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (LC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectrophotometer, NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy methods. Using the disk diffusion and DPPH procedures, the complexes' potential for scavenging free radicals and having antibacterial effects was examined. The results indicate that the ligand L1 has good mean inhibition zones on S. aureus (12.42 ± 0.23 mm) and S. pyogenes (11.64 ± 0.12 mm) bacteria. The [Cu(L1)(L2)] complex displayed higher antibacterial activities (13.67 ± 0.52 mm) against S. pyogenes bacteria, whereas [Zn(L1)(L2)] shows higher activity against P. Aeruginosa (14.22 ± 0.33 mm). Both complexes showed good antioxidant activity (63.7 % and 59.68 %). Furthermore, the docking results of the compounds against S. aureus Gyrase confirm the ligands (L1 and L2) and the complexes exhibit binding potentials of -7.39 to -11.01 kcal/mol. Higher value was obtained for the [Zn(L1)(L2)] complex (-11.01 kcal/mol). In order to enhance the biological activities of metal complexes, this study sheds light on the significance of multi-semicarbazone ligands and their corresponding complexes.

A novel multifaceted approach for infected wound healing: Optimization and in vivo evaluation of Phenethyl alcohol loaded nanoliposomes hydrogel

Infected wounds are major challenges for hospitalized patients. Phenylethyl alcohol is a plant active compound with antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties that may decrease infection in wound site. This study investigates the effects of topical application of gels prepared from Phenylethyl alcohol (PLL) and its nanoliposomes (PLL/NLPs) for the healing of infected excision full-thickness wounds in mice model. Circular wounds were induced in 72 mice, inoculated with Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and treated with blank gel (Conl), mupirocin® (Mupn), and therapeutic gels of PLL, and PLL/NLPs. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, antioxidant status in wound site, histopathological parameters, immunofluorescence staining for TNF-α and COL1A rate expressions, and FGF, EGF, COL1A, and NF-κB proteins expression were investigated by Western blot analysis. The results showed significant safety and antibacterial activity of Phenylethyl alcohol and its NLPs. Topical administration of therapeutics gels, especially PLL/NLPs, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased edema rate and inflammation via decreasing TNF-α and NF-κB proteins expressions, improving antioxidant status and increasing the expression of FGF, EGF and COL1A (P < 0.05). The results showed a competition between mupirocin ointment and PLL/NLPs gel. In sum, topical administration of PLL and PLL/NLPs gels accelerated the wound healing process by decreasing the inflammation and moving wound process toward proliferative phase via molecular, pathological, antibacterial and antioxidant mechanisms. PLL/NLPs gel can be used for the treatment of infected excision full-thickness wounds after future clinical studies.

Synthesis, In Silico, and Biological Applications of Novel Heteroleptic Copper (II) Complex of Natural Product-Based Semicarbazone Ligands

Recently, heteroleptic coordination between essential metallic elements with semicarbazone-based derivatives attracts more consideration for the varied ranges of bioactivities. Semicarbazone-based moiety holding azomethine (C=N) group become flexible ligands, forming stable complexes. Through a stirring and reflux technique, a novel heteroleptic complex of copper (II) was synthesized by reacting two semicarbazone-based derivative ligands, ortho-phthalaldehyde disemicarbazone (L1) and dehydrozingerone semicarbazone (L2), with copper chloride salt in 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio. Magnetic moment measurement, elemental analyzer, thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, and several spectroscopic techniques were applied to describe the prepared compounds. The disc diffusion and DPPH methods were actually used to investigate the antibacterial and antiradical potentials, respectively. The obtained data indicates the ligand (L1) has good mean inhibition zones on Staphylococcus aureus (12.42 ± 0.00 mm) and S. pyogenes (11.64 ± 0.12 mm) bacteria. The heteroleptic [Cu(L1) (L2)] complex displayed higher antibacterial actions (13.67 ± 0.52 mm) on Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. The [Cu(L1) (L2)] complex also shows better antiradical potential (63.7%). Furthermore, the docking result of prepared compounds on S. aureus gyrase confirms the ligands (L1 and L2) and the complex potential molecules possess the smallest binding potential of −8.0 to −8.4 kcal/mol. A higher value was achieved by [Cu(L1) (L2)] complex (−8.4 kcal/mol). Thus, this study indicates an insight towards combining semicarbazone form derivatives of natural source origin with a synthetic compound as ligands through metal coordination could enhance bioactivity.

Therapeutic Effect of Bee Venom and Melittin on Skin Infection Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) bacteria cause almost all primary skin infections in humans. Bee venom (BV) and melittin (Mel) have multiple effects, including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aims to demonstrate their effects on bacterial mouse skin infection using S. pyogenes. The dorsal skin was tape-stripped, then S. pyogenes was topically applied. BV or Mel were topically applied to the lesion. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, while immunohistochemical staining was performed with anti-neutrophil. S. pyogenes-infected skin revealed increased epidermal and dermal layers, but it was reduced in the BV and Mel groups. Finding increased neutrophils in the mice infected with S. pyogenes, but the BV and Mel mice showed decreased expression. These results suggest that BV and Mel treatments could reduce the inflammatory reactions and help improve lesions induced by S. pyogenes skin infection. This study provides additional assessment of the potential therapeutic effects of BV and Mel in managing skin infection caused by S. pyogenes, further suggesting that it could be a candidate for developing novel treatment alternative for streptococcal skin infections.

TEST THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CRASSOCEPHALUM CREPIDIOIDES LEAF AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES

The ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves was tested against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Extracts from the leaves of Crassocephalum crepidioides are known to have the potential to suppress microbial growth because contain active compounds of alkaloids and flavonoids. The test was carried out by the diffusion method using disc paper that had been soaked in a solution of ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves with a concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. Amoxicillin as a positive control and DMSO as a negative control. It is known that the inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of 20% the inhibition zone is 11mm, the concentration of the inhibition zone of 30% is 11.8mm, the concentration of 40% of the inhibition zone is 12.2mm, the concentration of 50% is the inhibition zone is 12.6mm. The higher the concentration of the ethanol extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides leaves, the wider the area of inhibition against Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria.

Study of Antibacterial and Synergistic Activities of Cinnamomum verum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Zataria multiflora Boiss. in Persian Medicine Against Some Gram-Negative and Gram-positive Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of essential oils (EOs) of three widely used herbal elements of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J.Presl), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), and thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss.), whose antimicrobial effects are indirectly described in the old literature of Persian medicine as antiseptic agents and treatments of diseases caused by Havaye Vabaee (e.g., air-borne infectious diseases), were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the EOs were evaluated against some important Zoonosis and medicine pathogenic gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) bacteria. These pathogens cause disease in animals and humans.To this end, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and double-diffusion assay (DDA) tests were utilized using a microdilution method. While MIC values for cinnamon, eucalyptus, and thyme ranged between 0.25-1, 8-64, and 0.5-16 μg mL-1, respectively, the range of MBC values were 1-4, 32-256, and 2-64 μg mL-1. In DDA tests, a concentration of 0.5 μg mL-1 of the three EOs induced inhibition zones ranging between 20-35, 9-25, and 0-35 mm in diameter in the culture media of the above bacteria. Antibacterial effects of double combinations of the EOs against E. coli and S. aureus were also investigated by checkerboard test and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index. Combinations of the EOs resulted in FIC index values of 1.06-2, indicating no interaction between most of the compounds combined. Our study also suggested the use of thyme oil with caution in combination with cinnamon or eucalyptus oils against E. coli because of their possible antagonistic effects (FIC index = 4).