PWM Values Research Articles

Distance Control System to Increase Precision And Stability of Glass Cleaning Robot

Glass is a widely used material today. One of them is as a window of a building. As the material is easily broken, glass is very vulnerable in the cleaning process. This causes the process of cleaning the glass cannot be done carelessly. To overcome these problems, one of them is to replace the work done by humans with machines or robots. The glass cleaning robot was created as a glass cleaner replacing the conventional workforce. One of the most important elements in the operation of glass cleaner robots is the robot glass distance control system against glass edges using proximity sensors. At a distance of 35 cm, the proximity sensor will send a signal back to the microcontroller and forwarded to the input dc motor so that the value changes rpm on the motor with pwm value of 205 each for the left motor and 150 for the right motor for 1 second so that The robot will turn clockwise. From the tested, gotten the response of distance control system based on the PWM value vs time. It shows that the system has a good response to listing programs that have been created. It does not have a research value different from the setting point and fast to achieve stable conditions. In the design of cleaning fluid monitoring system on glass cleaning robot used water level sensor. It used Bluetooth as a wireless system to display height of water in container cleaning fluid.

Fish Aggregation Pattern on Red-Blue-Green Light Emitting Diode (RGB-LED) Light in Static Lift Net

The Red-Blue-Green Light Emitting Diode (RGB-LED) light used in the static lift net can manipulate fish behavior to attract, approach and be concentrated in the lighting area. The purpose of this study is to determine the use of the RGB-LED light intensity with pulse width modulation PWM) value for gathering fish and changing patterns of schooling fish’s movement. Seven treatments with changes in PWM values were the initial conditions, 250, 195, 145, 95 20 and 5 PWM. The methods were by using Hydro-acoustic sonar 360o and ImageJ analysis used to determine the schooling fish’s area in horizontal and vertical by dividing the center zone, main zone, influence zone, and shadow zone. Results of the visualization image of schooling fish as the target fish group visualized by horizontally and vertically. It has the longest duration of 90 ' and 250 PWM has a time duration of 10' shows the difference in the area of schooling fish in four zones. 195, 145 and 95 PWM with each time duration of 10' dominant schooling fish were in the main zone and influence zone, the lowest two light intensities of PWM values were 5 and 20, there are three zones namely center zone, main zone, and shadow zone, schooling fish were increasing with movement pattern by revolving the light source at shadow zone. The approached fish were forming schooling fish because they were attracted to light, with changes in the PWM value that can model the movement patterns of schooling fish.

Implementasi Fuzzy Logic Controller untuk Pengendali Kecepatan Roda pada Mobile Robot dengan Variasi Nilai Set Point

Mobile robots are usually simulated in various path track, such as climbing, descending, or bumpy trajectories. Motor speed control is required to adjust the robot to follow the track. The aim of this research is to discuss how to control the speed of the motor in order to adjust the speed of the robot wheel in passing through different track hurdles. This research is done by designing fuzzy logic controller in mobile robot in order to control the speed of the robot wheel with some variation of set point value. Testing is performed on a flat and oblique path with a slope of incline and a derivative with a slope angle of -2 º to 2 º for flat category, slope of derivative with angle> 2 and slope of incline with angle <-2 º. The robot velocity control works by using MPU6050 which reads the value of the angle of conversion of accelerometer value with gyroscope on the x axis to the angle and IR sensor to read wheel speed (RPM), then controlled motor speed with fuzzy method whose output is PWM value based on condition slope. There are 3 conditions that are "horizontal", "climbing", and "downhill". The horizontal condition is at the angle> = -2 and <= 2, the descending condition is at an angle <-2 and the climbing conditions are at an angle of> 2. The result of the research test shows that the slope limit capable of executing the robot in order to reach the set point value at climbing condition is 15 ° and -15 ° in decreasing condition with the declared PWM range. The test results are also influenced by track conditions. The error value obtained is greater if the path track is not flat.

Predicting the Classification of Transcription Factors by Incorporating their Binding Site Properties into a Novel Mode of Chou's Pseudo Amino Acid Composition

Transcription factors (TF) are proteins that control the first step of gene expression, the transcription of DNA into RNA sequences. The mechanism of transcriptional regulatory can be much better understood if the category of transcription factors is known. We developed a new method for predicting the classification of transcription factors by incorporating their binding site properties into a novel mode of Chou's pseudo amino acid composition. The properties include the length of TFBSs for a TF, a new_PWM value, the proportion of not conservative TFBSs, the proportion of nonucleosome of TFBSs, the proportion of conserved-nucleosome of TFBSs, and the GC content of TFBSs. We construct a vector with these properties to represent a TF. Then the vectors which stand for TFs were classified with SVMs. The high accuracy obtained shows that these properties are of great significance for a TF.

P‐56: Application of the SSC Local Dimming Algorithm for an Edge‐Lit TV

AbstractThe SSC local dimming algorithm, originally developed for direct‐lit LCD using a local optimization approach, has been modified and extended. A global optimization approach was used to cover the wide light spread over the display due to the edge‐lit. The existing six LED‐strings of a commercial available edge‐lit TV are controlled by our own driver circuit, while the PWM values for each LED are delivered by the SSC algorithm. The display parameters were measured and used in the SSC processing. An average power saving of up to 51% of the TV power consumption standard video has been achieved, while the visual quality is proven and the brightness is nearly the same as that of the original undimmed TV. with a higher number of LED strings a power saving significantly higher than 50% is to be expected.

Sorted Sector Covering Combined with Image Condensation-An Efficient Method for Local Dimming of Direct-Lit and Edge-Lit LCDs

We consider the backlight calculation of local dimming as an optimization problem. The luminance produced by many LEDs at each pixel considered is calculated which should cover the gray value of each pixel. while the sum of LED currents is to be minimized. For this purpose a specific approach called as Sorted Sector Covering (SSC) was developed and is described in this paper. In our pre-processing unit called condenser the source image is reduced to a matrix of much lower resolution so that the computation effort of the SSC algorithm is drastically reduced. During this preprocessing phase. filter functions can be integrated so that a further reduction of the power consumption is achieved. Our processing system allows high power saving and high visual quality at low processor cost. We approach the local dimming problem in the physical viewing direction - from LED to pixel. The luminance for the pixel is based on the light spread function (LSF) and the PWM values of the LEDs. As the physical viewing direction is chosen, this method is universal and can be applied for any kind of LED arrangement - direct-lit as well as edge-lit. It is validated on prototypes, e.g., a locally dimmed edge-lit TV.

Improvement of P wave dispersion after cardiac resynchronization therapy for heart failure

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on P wave maximum duration (PWM) and P wave dispersion (PWD) in patients with advanced heart failure. Methods Forty-six patients (33 men; mean age, 60 ± 11 years) with CRT were enrolled in the present study. PWM and PWD were measured using 12-lead surface electrocardiography (ECG) at a paper speed of 50 mm/s and 20 mm/mV. Serial ECG, echocardiography, clinical assessment, and device interrogations were performed at baseline and 3 months after CRT. Results After 3 months of follow-up, PWM and PWD values were significantly decreased (129.6 ± 11.3 to 120.7 ± 10.7 milliseconds, P < .001; 42.6 ± 8.0 to 32.3 ± 10.1 milliseconds; P < .001, respectively). It showed a significant reduction in left atrial diameter (LAD) (46.5 ± 5.2 to 44.9 ± 5.6 mm, P = .021) and an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (29.0% ± 7.5% to 36.2% ± 8.0%, P < .001). The decrease of PWM and PWD was positively correlated with the reduction of LAD and negatively correlated with the improvement of LVEF. The reduction in atrial fibrillation burden was observed after 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions Cardiac resynchronization therapy decreases PWM and PWD along with an improvement of LVEF and a reduction of LAD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of decrease of PWD on prevention of atrial fibrillation.

Robotic Arm Controlled by CAN Bus

This paper describes control of L601-KT robotic arm via embedded microcontroller and industrial bus. This application is composed from two nodes connected to CAN Bus. First node control desired position of whole robotic arm or servo-drives separately. Node subsequently sends these positions to robotic arm via CAN bus. Second node serves as robotic arm CAN bus interface. Node receives CAN Bus messages, calculates the positions for PWM values from desired positions, and sets appropriate servo-drive to desired position.

Long-term effects of beta blocker therapy on P-wave duration and dispersion in congestive heart failure patients: A new effect?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with heart failure in approximately 20%-50% of patients with increased morbidity and mortality. P-wave maximum duration (PWM) and P-wave dispersion (PWD) are recent ECG markers and reflect increased risk of AF. The aim of our study was to investigate the long-term effects of metoprolol on atrial conduction abnormalities as estimated by PWM and PWD, which were calculated on 12-derivation surface ECG in heart failure patients. Forty-two NYHA class 3 to 4 patients (23 males, 19 females and aged 52.9 ± 11.2) were enrolled in the study. At the end of the 6 months, PWM and PWD values were significantly decreased (for PWM: from 115.2 ± 12.6 to 105.4 ± 13.5; for PWD: from 39.3 ± 9.1 to 28.6 ± 10.5; P < .001 for both). Metoprolol treatment is associated with a decreased duration of PWM and PWD and this may reflect a reduction in the probability of atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients.