PVC Pipe Research Articles

PENYISIHAN KADAR BESI (Fe) DAN MANGAN (Mn) DALAM AIR SUMUR DENGAN MEDIA PASIR TERLAPIS MANGAN DIOKSIDA

Well water often contains considerable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The iron and manganese content often transforms actually clear water into yellowish-brown. When iron and manganese content exceed quality standards, it can harm human health. To manage iron and manganese pollutants in well water, it would require research to reduce iron and manganese deposits in an easy and inexpensive way for people who still use water for domestic purposes, according to the Indonesia republic's health minister No. 492/ Menkes/IV/2010. Based on preliminary tests, the results of the initial iron component analysis of 1.06 mg/L and mangan 0.98 mg/ L. The variable in the study is a high proportion of the media filters of greensand on every reactor which is 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 centimeters with 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes of operation. The reactor is four inches of PVC pipe and the reactor is 80 cm tall, 100 centimeters and 120 centimeters tall. The fe and mn levels that have experienced the filtration treatment of every reactor have generally decreased. The deposite-based percentage is 0.02 mg/L with a set of exclusion efficiency of 98.11% and between 0.048 mg/L and the results of 95.92%.

Stresses and strains in a flexible pipe buried in geosynthetic reinforced soil

Geosynthetics have been used to reinforce soils for over four decades. They can also be used as reinforcement in buried pipe installations to reduce stresses and strains in the pipe, as well as the consequences of pipe explosions. This paper investigates the use of geosynthetic reinforcement to protect a flexible buried pipe from the effects of a localised surcharge on the soil surface. Large scale tests were carried out on an instrumented PVC pipe buried in a rather loose sand. Different types and arrangements of the reinforcement layer were investigated. The results obtained address the relations between stresses on the pipe, pipe strains and pipe deflections and show that the presence of the reinforcement can reduce significantly vertical and horizontal stresses on the pipe as well as pipe deformations. An elastic solution for the prediction of strains at the pipe crown was employed, whose predictions compared well with the experimental results.

Decision Support System for Building Material Supplier Selection using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method

<p><em>XYZ Store is a retail store that sells goods in the form of building materials located in Bandung Regency. This shop sells types of cement products, water pumps and PVC pipes where this shop gets its products by ordering from suppliers. This shop is having difficulty choosing a supplier because it takes time to determine a supplier. Suppliers are contacted by telephone to ask about the availability and price of the building materials needed. If the supplier has the goods, he will buy them immediately and not ask other suppliers. The criteria used in determining suppliers are based on price and availability of goods. The criteria required by this shop are price, product availability, expiry date and delivery speed in accordance with the shop's condition when the goods are needed. The aim of this research is to create a decision support system that can provide supplier recommendations so as to help in selecting suppliers that match the criteria using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Supplier selection decision support systems can provide the best alternative suppliers by ranking suppliers with the best performance. This web-based SPK was developed using the programming language PHP, Javascript and using an SQL database.<strong></strong></em></p>

Pengelompokan Jumlah Produksi Pipa dengan Menggunakan Metode Clustering Berdasarkan Ukuran:


 Production is the most basic and important thing in the company. The company will determine how many products to produce, the required capacity, and the raw materials needed to meet demand. PT. Multiplas Prima Jaya is a company engaged in the manufacturing of PVC pipes. So far, the company does not have a well-planned production plan, production is carried out according to the instructions of the owner of the company. In addition, the production schedule can be changed according to the wishes of the owner. As a result, there is a deviation between the number of pipe production and pipe sales that occurs. In addition, the company already knows the series of production planning to the process of executing the plan
 Keywords: Data Mining,Clustering,PT Multiplas Prima Jaya.

Pengelompokan Jumlah Produksi Pipa dengan Menggunakan Metode Clustering Berdasarkan Ukuran:


 Production is the most basic and important thing in the company. The company will determine how many products to produce, the required capacity, and the raw materials needed to meet demand. PT. Multiplas Prima Jaya is a company engaged in the manufacturing of PVC pipes. So far, the company does not have a well-planned production plan, production is carried out according to the instructions of the owner of the company. In addition, the production schedule can be changed according to the wishes of the owner. As a result, there is a deviation between the number of pipe production and pipe sales that occurs. In addition, the company already knows the series of production planning to the process of executing the plan
 Keywords: Data Mining,Clustering,PT Multiplas Prima Jaya.

Experimental Study on Rainwater Erosion and Infiltration of Eco-Protection with PVC Pipes

Experimental Study on Rainwater Erosion and Infiltration of Eco-Protection with PVC Pipes

Effects of pipe diameter, curing age and exposure temperature on chloride diffusion of concrete with embedded PVC pipe

Concrete structures are often embedded with pipe opening for the installation of pipelines which tends to weaken the integrity and durability. The effects of pipe diameter, curing age, and exposure temperature, on the chloride ion resistance of concrete with embedded PVC pipe (CEPP) were investigated in this paper. The testing parameters include compressive strength, electric flux density, chloride ion diffusion coefficient, chloride ion penetration depth, and chloride ion content. The results showed that electric flux density and chloride ion diffusion coefficient of CEPP increased with the diameter of PVC pipes following a second-degree parabola and a linear relation respectively, while the chloride ion diffusion coefficient decreased with the prolonging curing age. The chloride ion resistance and compressive strength of CEPP were decreased with the increase of pipe diameters, because the weak areas formed in the transition interfaces between the PVC pipes and concrete matrices and expanded with increased diameter. The chloride ion penetration depth and chloride ion content were relatively higher in the testing points near the PVC pipes than the ones far away from the PVC pipes. In addition, the rate of chloride ion penetration of CEPP could be accelerated by the higher exposure temperatures, leading to severer chloride ion penetration of CEPP. Finally, a novel modified Fick's second law diffusion model considering the effects of pipe diameters and curing age was proposed to predict the chloride ion resistance of CEPP.

Theoretical Analysis to Enhance the Effectiveness of Earth Tube Heat Exchanger

The temperature of atmosphere fluctuating continuously because the changing of environment, due to global warming effect that is uncomfortable for human beings. For comfort zone of human being air conditioning is use in summer season and heater is use in winter season. There for air conditioning and heater required high grade energy as well as high maintenance cost. Now replacing these devices by Earth tube heat exchanger. Earth tube heat exchanger is a device which is producing cooling effects in summer season and heating effects in winter season by passing the ambient air through the pipes inside the ground or soil as a source or sink of heat. According to previous research (IJERTCONV5IS02011) the effect of temperature at a certain depth about 2 m to 5 m remain nearly same throughout the whole year. The temperature inside the earth surface is greater than the atmospheric temperature in winter and less than the summer. Till date many researchers have done extensive research on Earth tube heat exchanger. The present study on this paper, focus on variation of temperature in buried pipes and enhance the various parameters of Earth tube heat exchanger that is reduced the cost and energy consumption for same desired effect. And also replace the other pipe with PVC pipe at 1524mm (6 inches) internal diameter as a varying length and 250-watt blower is use to flow the air at 2-5 m/s.

Experimental investigation of heat and moisture transfer with ventilation through porous concrete with embedded coils for air conditioning

Porous concrete permits air and water transfer, while providing the necessary structural strength required for some green building design elements. To determine the potential of porous concrete as a building material with HVAC control, the heating and cooling capacity of porous concrete with embedded heating cooling coils was investigated. In this study, a novel bio-compatible porous concrete substrate was cast into cylinders with embedded water circulation piping placed during casting to control heat and moisture content. Heating and cooling control were performed by circulating water (hot/cold) through two coils of polyethylene piping, and humidity was controlled by circulating water through perforated PVC piping. Maximum heat transfer rates of 152.3 W and −104.3 W were obtained, and maximum temperature changes of 30.0 °C, and 20.0 °C were observed for heating and cooling, respectively. During humidification, relative humidity of up to 99% was achieved with a maximum mass transfer rate of 0.0836 g s−1 and an energy transfer rate of 4.05 kJ kg−1. Dehumidification demonstrated similar mass and energy transfer rates but in a reverse transfer path. The porous concrete with embedded coil showed overall heat transfer effectiveness of 0.35, and mass transfer effectiveness of 1.002. These results highlight that this newly-designed system, combining porous concrete with heating and cooling coils, has the capacity to maintain ambient temperature (16-28 °C) when challenged with an outdoor temperature ranging from −20 °C to 50 °C, regardless of relative humidity. Its potential as an energy-efficient and dual purpose structural/HVAC component merits further study.

Semi Wireless Underwater Rescue Drone with Robotic Arm

Wireless communication with underwater drones plays a vital role in rescuing an after-ship accident, and it is considered one of the most challenging technologies nowadays. The wireless underwater drone also contributes significantly to navy, gas and oil companies, underwater infrastructure, aquaculture industry, commercial diving, and deep archeological investigations. Bangladesh, a developing country with many rivers and seashores used by many water transport vehicles, faces boat and ship accidents as a typical scenario every year. Many lives, dead bodies, ships, boats, and valuable objects do not get rescued because of the lifetime risk of the divers or the rescue team. The rescue operation is exceptionally troublesome because of the absence of wireless underwater drone technology at the cheapest cost, whose innovation and function are very challenging for Bangladesh. Considering these problematic situations, in this paper, we have proposed a prototype of a semi wireless underwater drone designed and structured with the best quality PVC pipe of 6mm diameter, considering the weight as lowest as possible, maintaining its buoyancy properly. In this prototype, we have used three propellers, each connected with three servo motors, to move it up, down, back, and forth. A robotic arm is also utilized to rescue objects from under the water, and a 4K HD EKEN camera and two waterproof fog lights to search and visualize underwater objects on the mobile screen from the land. For wireless communication between the controller and the drone, we have used two nRF24L01 modules; one is for the controller, and the other is for the drone’s receiver to send and obtain the signals from the controller to the drone. 12V and 24V lithium-ion batteries are employed as power sources for the controller and receiver, respectively. Finally, real experimental tests of the proposed underwater device were performed in a swimming pool facility.

The Development of ‘Do-It-Yourself’ Water Rocket Launcher Kit for Pre-Service Science Teachers

This study aimed to develop a water rocket launcher kit with a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) concept for science trainee teachers. The research design is the developmental research using the ADDIE model. The need analysis found that many trainee teachers had never handled water rocket activities. The intended kit was successfully developed with an acceptable Content Validity Index of 0.92 from three experts. The water rocket kit consisted of an easily assembled launcher of segmented PVC pipes and several essential components with an instruction manual. Qualitative feedback was obtained from a group of science trainee teachers in an accessible population of a Malaysian university. This study implies that water rocket activities can be performed by trainee teachers with simple kits that can be built on their own, thereby achieving the specific learning objectives in the planned classroom. In addition, this study can also provide early exposure to trainee teachers in the construction and operation of water rocket launchers in schools.

Pengelompokan Jumlah Produksi Pipa dengan Menggunakan Metode Clustering Berdasarkan Ukuran

Production is the most basic and important thing in the company. The company will determine how many products to produce, the required capacity, and the raw materials needed to meet demand. PT. Multiplas Prima Jaya is a company engaged in the manufacturing of PVC pipes. So far, the company does not have a well-planned production plan, production is carried out according to the instructions of the owner of the company. In addition, the production schedule can be changed according to the wishes of the owner. As a result, there is a deviation between the number of pipe production and pipe sales that occurs. In addition, the company already knows the series of production planning to the process of executing the plan
 Keywords: Data Mining,Clustering,PT Multiplas Prima Jaya.

IDENTIFIKASI PENYUMBATAN ALIRAN AIR PADA PIPA DENGAN METODA GETARAN

The piping system design due to pressure will experience vibrations due to the excitation force that comes from the pump. Excitation force occurs due to changes in fluid flow velocity. In addition, the length of the pipe and the large number of bends of the pipe due to cross with other installations, cause vibrations in the pipe. vibration analysis in the pipe should not be underestimated, where it is necessary to identify the causes of vibration in the pipe due to flow and placement of good support and the effect of obstacles in the pipe flow to prevent failure of the pipe. In addition, clogging of pipelines can result in reduced system carrying capacity, wastage of energy and resources, and the potential for increased likelihood of environmental and health problems. Therefore, this study will discuss the identification of blockage of water flow in pipes using the vibration method. The excitation force comes from the fluid flow flowing in the pipe, while the vibration response is generated using the accelerometer sensor provided with the FFT Analyzer. Retrieval of data using the accelerometer as a vibration sensor served by Ono Sokki's FFT analyzer which is then analyzed using Matlab. Installation with four supports shows that the resonance that occurs in the installation of two supports can be reduced, but it causes the magnitude of the iron pipe to increase, while the PVC pipe decreases at a frequency of 5 Hz. In general, the result of installing four supports shows that the noise on the PVC pipe is reduced while the iron pipe is getting higher due to the installation of a barrier in the pipe due to water flow. The vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation, the vibration pattern that occurs uses a harmonic response simulation.

Electrical Go-Kart Using PVC Pipes and Implementation of Solar Tracker

Electrical Go-Kart Using PVC Pipes and Implementation of Solar Tracker

Performance of Various Filtering Media for the Treatment of Cow Manure from Exercise Pens—A Laboratory Study

During summer and winter months, pastures and outdoor pens represent the conventional means of providing exercise for dairy cows housed in tie-stall barns in the province of Québec, Canada. Unfortunately, outdoor pens require large spaces, and their leachates do not meet Québec’s environmental regulations. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative approaches for these so-called wintering pens. A sustainable year-long approach could be a stand-off pad consisting of a filtering media to manage adequately water exiting the pad. Different filtering materials can be used and mixed (gravel, woodchips, biochar, sphagnum peat moss, sand, etc.). To find the best material and/or mixes, a laboratory study was carried out using 15 PVC pipes (5 cm in diameter and 50 cm long) to test five different combinations of materials over a 3-week period. Different contaminant-removal efficiencies were achieved with the alternative materials, including for chemical oxygen demand (11–38%), phosphates (8–23%), suspended solids (33–57%), and turbidity (23–58%). Alternative treatments with sand, sphagnum peat moss, and biochar improved the filtration capacity when compared to the conventional material (woodchips). However, after three weeks of experimentation, the treatment efficiency of sand gradually decreased for pollutants such as suspended solids and phosphates.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete Contained Recycled PVC Additives

This research is studied the possibility of reusing PVC pipes wastes as partial replacement of sand within concrete mixture. In this study, the fine aggregate is replaced with PVC at dosages 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75% and 5% by weight of sand with superplasticizer (SP) admixture. The mechanical properties are evaluated, which included compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength, in which for each one, 60 specimens are tested for water to cement ratios 0.41 and 0.53. Also, the effect of these wastes on the strengths and serviceability of concrete beams are investigated by testing three simply supported reinforced concrete beams of dimensions 150×200×1400 mm. It is concluded that w/c ratio of 41% of the replacement of fine aggregates with 1.25% PVC particles showed the optimum results for compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, namely 31.66 %, 6.45%, and 31.23%, respectively, more than control mixture. The beam specimen that contain on 1.25% of PVC particles showed an increase in ultimate load by about 6.06% compared to the reference beam. While the hybrid cross section beam showed a relatively small reduction in ultimate load compared to reference beam, i.e, 14.5%. Thus with hybrid sections considerable amount of plastic wastes could be recycled with relatively small reduction in ultimate capacity of beams.

Perancangan Sepeda Air Low Cost sebagai Sarana Tempat Wisata di Banjir Kanal Semarang

The Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat is currently one of the attractions for the residents of Semarang City, but currently the Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat still does not have water attractions, one of which is a water bike ride. The design this time tries to make a water bike design that is suitable for water recreation in the Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat area of ​​Semarang City. In the design process, the design is carried out using Solidworks 2021 software and motion analysis is carried out on the transmission system. In addition, the design of this water bike is also equipped with material selection according to the conditions in the West Flood Canal River, Semarang City. Before designing the design, the author reviews several variations of the concept, then the author chooses the best concept to be used as a design design. The selected concept product weighs 67 kg, length 180 cm, width 120 cm, and height 90 cm. Most of the selected concept products use carbon steel material, and use PVC pipe as a float.

PVC Resin Supplier Selection with Integration of AHP and TOPSIS Methods

Choosing the right suppliers is important for companies to provide raw materials for production in the long run. The sustainability of production activities is tightly controlled by suppliers in the manufacturing industry. A company in Mojokerto that manufactures PVC pipes falls under the plastic pipe industry sector. Raw materials for PVC resins must be ensured through assessments of suppliers. This study was conducted to determine which resin supplier was the best based on predetermined criteria. Variable include: price, quality, delivery, quantity accuracy, and service. To determine the order of preference for resin suppliers, this study uses AHP, which gives the individual a probability score for each criterion, and TOPSIS, which gives the user an indication of which supplier to choose when selecting a resin. As a result of data processing, suppliers are ranked based on their preferences. The preference values for each supplier are: supplier 1, which is 0.927; supplier 2, which is 0.739; supplier 3, which is 0.091; and supplier 4, which is 0.267. There are five parameters used in this study, and quality is known to have an influence of about 47% on the four suppliers. However, the delivery and service parameters only contribute 5%.

The Mandatory 4 Years Desludging Frequency of Underground Septic Tanks in Residential Areas: A Case Study in Sibu Sarawak, East Malaysia

Underground septic tanks are the most common and conventional primary black water treatment adopted by local households in Sarawak. To ensure its usefulness, periodic mandatory desludging or emptying of the various types of rateable holdings was enforced from 1998. The current mandatory desludging frequency is 4 years for residential households, although its effectiveness is still not clear, substantial annual finance and subsidies are being allocated by the Sarawak State Government. In this study, the underground septic tanks in Sibu located in residential areas in Sarawak, East Malaysia, were evaluated quantitatively based on the measured faecal sludge with a known retention time in respect to the regulated desludging frequency. Furthermore, various problems were encountered during the initial measurement carried out by sludge judge which typically used by the wastewater treatment and chemical plants. A modified PVC pipe was proposed to overcome these observed problems. This has greatly improved the measurement time and substantially reduced unwanted impediments for the contractor during desludging. The back analysis results showed that the recommended desludging frequency based on the ratio of total sludge and scum to the effective working volume in 30% and 50% thresholds for residential areas were 3.82 and 6.36 years, respectively. Furthermore, it was discovered that there was a potential to adjust the existing mandatory 4 years desludging frequency to a longer period for cost-effective consideration. This study is strictly on the physical quantity measurement of sludge and scum volumes for the known retention times. The complex influences of microbiological activities, micro-environmental factors and sizes or geometries of septic tanks for faecal sludge production were not considered.

PERANCANGAN ALAT UKUR KETINGGIAN PERMUKAN AIR BERBASIS SENSOR ULTRASONIK MAXSONAR MB7389 DAN MIKROKONTROLER ATMega328P

In this study, a low-cost water level measurement device based on an ultrasonic sensor was developed. The ultrasonic sensor used is Maxsonar MB7389, and the data acquisition system uses the ATMega328P Microcontroller. Meanwhile, water level measurement data is displayed in real-time on a computer and also stored in a microSD card where data can be retrieved at any time for analysis. The choice of the Maxsonar MB7389 sensor for sensing water levels is based on its superiority in water resistance so that it can be applied in the field, and the measurement resolution is up to millimeters. Meanwhile, the ATMega328P microcontroller contained in the Arduino Uno board has advantages in terms of its relatively low-cost price, ease to program using the open-source Arduino IDE software, supported by many libraries, and modules. Based on the results of laboratory-scale testing, the measurement device developed can measure the water level quite accurately. That can be seen from the average water level measurement error for sensors without a casing of 0.31 cm and sensors with a PVC pipe sheath of 0.25 cm. Then, the value of the Pearson correlation coefficient (R2) is 0.99 for sensors without pipe casings, and 1 for sensors with PVC pipe casings. Then, based on the ripple comparison of the results of the water level measurement, it can be suggested for the measurement of the highly fluctuating water level (such as sea and river) should use a pipe casing. Meanwhile, for measuring the water level in the tank that is not too volatile, you can use a sensor without a pipe casing.