PVA Aqueous Solution Research Articles

Study on a novel PTFE membrane with regular geometric pore structures fabricated by near-field electrospinning, and its applications

Novel poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membranes with regular geometric pore structure were fabricated via near-field electrospinning (NFES) method.Firstly, computer aided design (CAD) was utilized to design membrane's pore geometry (triangle, diamond, square, hexagon and their different size). Secondly, the PTFE spinning solution consisted of PTFE emulsion and carrier (PVA aqueous solution) was electrospun into nascent PTFE/PVA membrane, which had regular geometric pore structure. Finally, the nascent membrane suffered sintering process, and the NFES PTFE membrane was obtained. Effects of PTFE/PVA mass ratio, sintering temperature and annealing condition, pore geometry on the membrane morphology, structure and properties were investigated, respectively. Results found that the square membrane showed good combination of membrane performances and properties, when PTFE/PVA mass ratio was 6:1 and sintered at 380 °C followed by cooling in muffle furnace. Owing to the excellent hydrophobicity, the obtained PTFE membranes exhibited excellent oil/water separation performance in terms of high oil flux (707 L m-2 h-1) without extra pressure, and high separation efficiency (rejection up to 99.6%). Owing to the regular and accurate pore structure, the PTFE membrane was utilized in the particle sequential separation. The mixed silica (SiO2) particles with a series of diameter (1, 5, 10, 20 μm) were sequential separated by PTFE membranes with different pore geometry, and the rejection reached up to 82.0%.

The Incorporation of Carvacrol into Poly (vinyl alcohol) Films Encapsulated in Lecithin Liposomes.

Lecithin-encapsulated carvacrol has been incorporated into poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for the purpose of obtaining active films for food packaging application. The influence of molecular weight (Mw) and degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the polymer on its ability to retain carvacrol has been analysed, as well as the changes in the film microstructure, thermal behaviour, and functional properties as packaging material provoked by liposome incorporation into PVA matrices. The films were obtained by casting the PVA aqueous solutions where liposomes were incorporated until reaching 0 (non-loaded liposomes), 5 or 10 g carvacrol per 100 g polymer. The non-acetylated, high Mw polymer provided films with a better mechanical performance, but less CA retention and a more heterogeneous structure. In contrast, partially acetylated, low Mw PVA gave rise to more homogenous films with a higher carvacrol content. Lecithin enhanced the thermal stability of both kinds of PVA, but reduced the crystallinity degree of non-acetylated PVA films, although it did not affect this parameter in acetylated PVA when liposomes contained carvacrol. The mechanical and barrier properties of the films were modified by liposome incorporation in line with the induced changes in crystallinity and microstructure of the films.

Few-Layer Hydroxyl-Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Nanoscale Thermal Management

Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are widely used as fillers to increase the thermal conductivity of a substrate. However, the solvent resistance of BNNSs limits their widespread application. In this paper, hydroxyl functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (OH-BNNSs) were prepared through a one-step aqueous shear exfoliation process. The dangling bonds were formed during the exfoliation process and were attacked by water molecules, and thereby hydroxyl functionalization of BNNSs was achieved. The OH-BNNSs were added to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to prepare a nanocomposite with high thermal conductivity. The high-speed dispersive homogenizer was selected as the shear-exfoliating device, water as solvent, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The effects of operating conditions on the concentration of few-layer OH-BNNSs were systematically studied. Under the optimized conditions, 0.88 mg/mL of OH-BNNSs was obtained. The as-obtained OH-BNNSs were filled in PVA to obtain composite film. The in-plane thermal diffusivity of OH-BNNSs-PVA films reached 9.03 mm2/s, which was 40-times the in-plane thermal diffusivity of the pure PVA film and 1.6-times the in-plane thermal diffusivity of the PVA composites filled by BNNSs prepared from ultrasonic exfoliation. The reasons were attributed to better dispersibility in PVA aqueous solution for OH-BNNSs. This paper provided a simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly preparation method for OH-BNNSs.

High energy density and low self-discharge of a quasi-solid-state supercapacitor with carbon nanotubes incorporated redox-active ionic liquid-based gel polymer electrolyte

To achieve a quasi-solid-state supercapacitor (SC) with high energy density and low self-discharge, a redox-active poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is synthesized by the addition of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) ionic liquid (IL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a PVA aqueous solution, followed by the addition of Li2SO4 and then the removal of excess water. The influences of BMIMBr-to-PVA and CNTs-to-PVA mass ratios on the ionic conductivity of GPE are discussed. The maximum ionic conductivity of GPE can reach 61.1 mS cm−1. A SC consisting of the optimized GPE and a pair of activated carbon (AC) electrodes exhibits a high energy density of 43.1 Wh kg−1, which can be assigned to the wide working voltage of 1.8 V as a result of the strong solvation effect of Li+ cations and SO42− anions, pseudocapacitance contribution from the redox reaction of Br−/Br3− at the electrolyte/electrode interface, and the three-dimensional (3D) conductive network of CNTs throughout the PVA matrix providing transport channel to facilitate ion transport. And the self-discharge is greatly suppressed due to the presence of 3D network of CNTs in the GPE. Additionally, the SC presents excellent cyclic stability.

Preparation and properties of fluoroalkyl end-capped 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid oligomer/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite film

Fluoroalkyl end-capped 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid oligomer/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite [RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA] films were prepared by casting homogeneous aqueous methanol solutions containing RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA composites, which were prepared by the reactions of the corresponding oligomer with PVA. The transparent colorless RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA composite films thus obtained were subjected to tensile testing to evaluate the values of Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break. The RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA composites films are capable of greater Young’s modulus than the original PVA film (PVA/HCl film), which was prepared by casting the aqueous methanol solution of PVA in the presence of 1 N hydrochloric acid. The polymer film bearing a higher Young’s modulus is, in general, tough and brittle to providing lower elongation at break; however, we can observe a significant increase in both the tensile strength and elongation at break of the RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA composite films, compared to those of the PVA/HCl film. In addition, it was demonstrated that the RF-(AMPS)n-RF/PVA composite films can exhibit a higher water adsorption ability than that of the PVA/HCl film.

Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides composites by high‐pressure homogenization

ABSTRACTIn this article, water‐soluble polymer polyvinyl alcohol solution was used to exfoliate the graphene‐like two‐dimensional materials (MoS2 and WS2). The concentrations of the two disulfide nanosheets were 0.092 and 0.087 mg/mL in the 10% aqueous solution of PVA. UV–Vis and Raman spectrum demonstrated that the two dispersions were the few layer nanosheets in the solution. Then, taking the exfoliated WS2 as filler, a series of PVA/WS2 composites showing the pale yellow transparent films were prepared by solution process method. Composite films showed good thermal performance. When 1 wt% were added in the PVA matrix, the T90% improved 44 °C in the air. Furthermore, the three kinds of characteristic temperature of T10%, T50%, and T90% had obvious increase in the N2. The main reason may be the physical barrier of the 2D nanosheets and the strong interaction force of the S atom of exfoliated 2D nanosheets. The composites could slow the thermal decomposition. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48487.

Catalytic Degradation of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) by FexMnyCuzOw/γ-Al2O3 Nano-particles Catalyst Using Box-Behnken Design

FexMnyCuzOw/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by a wet impregnation -calcination method and characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM-EDS. Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the degradation of PVA in aqueous solution. Besides, the effect of different calcination temperature, FexMnyCuzOw/γ-Al2O3 dosage, H2O2 dosage, initial P VA concentration and initial solution pH on the removal of P VA were also studied. Results showed that P VA can be efficiently removed and oxidized by the heterogeneous Fenton-like process with appropriate amount of FexMnyCuzOw/γ-Al2O3 and H2O2. In this paper, the efficiency of P VA was above 90 % by FexMnyCuzOw/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles at an initial P VA concentration below 25 g/l, temperature at 60 oC, initial pH from 1.0 to 6.0, H2O2 and catalyst dose of 60 ml/l and 0.5 g/l, respectively. In addition, chromatography (GPC) was applied to further analyze the degradation of P VA under different experimental conditions, which revealed that the backbone chain of P VA could be effectively broken and oxidized. Several unsaturated degradation products, including butanones, benzaldehydes, hexanals and acetic acids were also detected and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Besides, the nano catalyst maintained favorable catalytic ability during the five-times utilization, which means it could be recycled by filtration and calcination.

Realignment of Liquid Crystal Shells Driven by Temperature-Dependent Surfactant Solubility.

We investigate dynamic director field variations in shells of the nematic liquid crystal (LC) compound, 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl, suspended in and containing immiscible aqueous phases. The outer and inner shell interfaces are stabilized by the cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and by the water soluble polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), respectively. PVA and surfactant solutions normally promote tangential and orthogonal alignments, respectively, of the LC director. The rather high Krafft temperature of CTAB, TK ≈ 25 °C, means that its solubility in water is below the critical micelle concentration at room temperature in most labs. Here, we study the effect of cooling/heating past TK on the LC shell director configuration. Within a certain concentration range, CTAB in the outer aqueous phase (and PVA in the inner) switches the LC director field from hybrid to uniformly orthogonal upon cooling below TK. We argue that the effect is related to the migration of the surfactant through the fluid LC membrane into the initially surfactant-free aqueous PVA solution, triggered by the drastically reduced water solubility of CTAB at T < TK. The results suggest that LC shells can detect solutes in the continuous phase, provided there is sufficient probability that the solute migrates through the LC into the inner aqueous phase.

Anisotropy of Thin Foils Obtained from Microwave-Irradiated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Aqueous Solutions

In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foils of comparable thickness were obtained by using 10 wt % PVA aqueous solutions exposed to microwave (MW) radiations for different times. The main goal of this paper is to identify the effects of MW irradiation on the induced optical birefringence of PVA stretched foils, since it is known that the changes in the chemical and physical properties of polymers induced by radiations can influence the asymmetry of their molecular structures from which the birefringence of polymers derives. The efficiency of the MW oven was estimated, and the contribution of sensible and latent heat and heat loss to the absorbed energy was discussed. The effects of MW irradiation, in terms of absorbed energy, were evidenced by using FTIR spectra analysis, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and induced optical birefringence. The dehydration (cross-linking) of PVA in aqueous solution and the dependence of the anisotropy on the absorbed MW energy, stretching ratio, and the type of hydrogen bonds formed are discussed in this study.

One-step eco-friendly synthesized silver-graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) antibacterial nanocomposites

Due to the increasing occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance pathogenic microorganisms, the development of antimicrobial materials has emerged as a strategy to control the bacterial activity and transmission. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)/silver nanoparticles-graphene oxide (PVA/AgNPs-GO) nanocomposites were synthesized by a one-step process with l-ascorbic acid as environmentally friendly reductant agent of a mixture of AgNO3, GO and PVA aqueous solutions. PVA/GO nanocomposites were also prepared for comparison. The structure, morphology, thermal, mechanical, water resistance and antibacterial properties of the samples were investigated as a function of GO and silver precursor contents. GO sheets decorated with spherical AgNPs were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix. The size range of most AgNPs was below 10 nm. Nanocomposites exhibited higher glass transition and crystallization temperatures. Thermal stability, mechanical and water resistance properties of PVA enhanced when GO was incorporated, and it was more remarkable in the presence of AgNPs-GO. PVA/AgNPs-GO nanocomposites showed antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, being its efficiency dependent on exposure time and AgNPs precursor concentration. In contrast, PVA/GO films showed no activity against both bacteria over the GO loading range investigated. PVA/AgNPs-GO nanocomposites may be potential wound dressings.

Tuning photoresponsive and dielectric properties of PVA/CdSe films by capping agent change

In the present work, hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and CdSe quantum dots synthesized in aqueous medium were prepared without the use of organic solvents, by casting aqueous solutions of both PVA and nanoparticles. The effect of different capping agents employed during quantum dot synthesis on thermal, optical, and dielectric properties of nanocomposites was analyzed, finding that capping agents not only affect the interactions between nanoparticles and polymeric matrix, but also the size and photoluminescence of quantum dots, among other properties. Optical, thermal, dielectric and morphological characterization of nanocomposites has been carried out in terms of UV–vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and atomic force microscopy, respectively, finding that by the use of different capping agents, final properties of nanocomposites can be tuned, as interactions between PVA and CdSe quantum dots determine their final properties.

Preparation and properties of a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel‐melamine formaldehyde foam composite

In the present research, a novel gel‐foam composite was prepared by filling poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel into melamine formaldehyde (MF) foam. Aqueous PVA solution experienced cyclic freezing–thawing to form the hydrogel in the MF skeleton network. The structure and properties of the PVA/MF gel‐foam composite, including crystallization, morphology, viscoelasticity, water resistance, and mechanical properties, were systematically investigated and compared with neat PVA gel. MF shows good compatibility with PVA via hydrogen bonding interaction. Besides, it can serve as a nucleating agent to promote the crystallinity of PVA. Based on the network of MF skeleton and physical crystal net of PVA, an interpenetrating double network structure was constructed, thus resulting in the mechanical properties enhanced. Meanwhile, PVA/MF gel‐foam displayed better water‐resistance than neat PVA gel due to higher crystallization degree and the shield effect of MF skeleton. The improved properties made the material more suitable for a microorganism carrier applied in the biological treatment of wastewater. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Flexible poly(vinyl alcohol)-ceramic composite separators for supercapacitor applications

Electrochemical characterization was conducted on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-ceramic composite (PVA–CC) separators for supercapacitor applications. The PVA–CC separators were fabricated by mixing various ceramic particles including aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) into a PVA aqueous solution. These ceramic particles help to create amorphous regions in the crystalline structure of the polymer matrix to increase the ionic conductivity of PVA. Supercapacitors were assembled using PVA–CC separators with symmetric activated carbon electrodes and electrochemical characterization showed enhanced specific capacitance, rate capability, cycle life, and ionic conductivity. Supercapacitors using the PVA–TiO2 composite separator showed particularly good electrochemical performance with a 14.4% specific capacitance increase over supercapacitors using the bare PVA separator after 1000 cycles. With regards to safety, PVA becomes plasticized when immersed in 6M KOH aqueous solution, thus there was no appreciable loss in tear resistance when the ceramic particles were added to PVA. Thus, the enhanced electrochemical properties can be attained without reduction in safety making the addition of ceramic nanoparticles to PVA separators a cost-effective strategy for increasing the ionic conductivity of separator materials for supercapacitor applications.

Facile preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-NaCl-glycerol supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte

The facile preparation of hydrogel electrolyte with high strength, healing ability and thermoplasticity is important and still remains a great challenge. In this paper, a novel way for the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte was presented. The PVA hydrogel electrolyte was prepared via the hydrogen bonding and salting-out effect. The high performance PVA-NaCl-glycerol hydrogel electrolyte could be obtained by the doping of glycerol and NaCl into PVA aqueous solution and storing at room temperature for 2.0 h. The crystallinity, thermal and mechanical properties of PVA-NaCl-glycerol hydrogel electrolyte were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurement and tensile testing, respectively. The hydrogel forming mechanism was discussed. The PVA-NaCl-glycerol hydrogels performed the high toughness with the tensile strength and elongation at break of 0.57 (±0.02) MPa and 575 (±29)%, respectively. The conductivity of PVA-NaCl-glycerol was as high as 92.5 (±0.18) mS/cm. The PVA-NaCl-glycerol hydrogel electrolyte behaved the excellent heat healing ability and thermoplasticity. These properties of PVA-NaCl-glycerol are related to the role of glycerol and NaCl. This paper provides a new preparation method and structure design idea for the high performance hydrogel electrolyte.

Core–shell PVA/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds using co‐solvent, aqueous electrospinning: Toward a green approach

ABSTRACTElectrospinning (ES) of gelatin often requires cytotoxic organic solvents or acidic environments, which deteriorate cell recognition sites. In this study, aqueous, non‐toxic, co‐solvent ES was performed to obtain core–shell poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds. Effects of the core/shell feed rate ratio (FRR) were investigated on a morphological and mechanical basis. PVA:gelatin ratio of 1:4 was the limiting ratio for specific voltage and electrode distance parameters to obtain uniform fibers. Core–shell bead‐free structures were obtained at 8% PVA and gelatin aqueous solutions. A mean diameter of 280 nm was obtained for 1:1 FRR at 15 kV and 15 cm of electrode distance. Crosslinking resulted in slight improvement in tensile strengths and severe decrease in ductility. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed retention and improvement of stable secondary structures of gelatin after ES. The scaffolds almost degraded more than 60% in 14 days. Based on the results, present scaffolds hold great promise as suitable candidates for biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46582.

Fabrication of Radiopaque Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Bilayers for Use as Embolization Coils

On purpose to replace the metallic embolization coils with a polymeric material, a series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels was fabricated into the form of bilayers. A hydrogel layer was prepared by mixing aqueous PVA solution with tantalum particles for radiopacity, crosslinking the mixture with glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent, and casting to a film of desired thickness. The properties of the hydrogel films including expansion ratio and modulus were characterized. Two hydrogel films with different crosslinking density were attached to form a bilayer, which formed coils in the water with the diameter dictated by the difference in swelling ratio. The coils and bundles of coils with diameters between 1 to 6 mm were employed in the occlusion tests using glass models approximating brain aneurysms. The number and sequence of coil insertion to give high packing density were investigated. Packing density much higher than that of platinum coils was achieved with the polymer coils fabricated.

In vitro Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity of Gamma Ray Crosslinked ZnO/PVA Hydrogel Nanocomposites

This research work describes the gamma irradiation synthesis of ZnO/PVA HNC’s and their potential application in wound dressing. For synthesizing ZnO/PVA HNC’s, the aqueous solution of PVA and ZnO nanoparticles was exposed to gamma radiations. The prepared composites were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR and FESEM studies. Swelling characteristics of ZnO/PVA HNC’s showed decrease in the swelling behaviour with increase in ZnO nanoparticles concentration. Samples were examined for their antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria and found good antibacterial activity on both the bacteria. In vitro cytotoxicity study was evaluated on Human Fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) using SRB assay and demonstrated good biocompatibility. Our results suggest that, ZnO/PVA HNC’s synthesised using gamma irradiation could be an ideal biomaterial for wound dressing applications

Highly thermally resistant hydrophobic poly(vinyl alcohol)-silica hybrid nanofibers

In this paper, the preparation of hydrophobic and crosslinked poly- (vinyl alcohol)/silica organic?inorganic hybrid nanofibers via the sol?gel electrospinning method is reported. Silica was produced through the acetic acid catalyzed reaction of a silica precursor consisting of dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMDMOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane (FAS1313; Dynasylan? F 8261) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS; Dynasylan? 9165) in a 2-propanol?water mixture. Hybrid nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning the silica precursor and an aqueous PVA solution. Chemical, structural, thermal and surface analyses were conducted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and water contact angle (WCA) methods, respectively. The obtained hybrid nanofibers were insoluble in aqueous solution. SEM images displayed that highly crosslinked and porous structures were obtained and the average fiber diameters of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/silica nanocomposites were around 70 nm. A nanofiber surface with a water contact angle of 130? was achieved.

Multivariate analysis for the optimization of microfluidics-assisted nanoprecipitation method intended for the loading of small hydrophilic drugs into PLGA nanoparticles

Design of Experiment-assisted evaluation of critical process (total flow rate, TFR, flow rate ratio, FRR) and formulation (polymer concentration and structure, drug:polymer ratio) variables in a novel microfluidics-based device, a staggered herringbone micromixer (SHM), for poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) manufacturing was performed in order to systematically evaluate and mathematically describe their effects on NPs sizes and drug encapsulation; a small hydrophilic moiety, N-acetylcysteine, was chosen as challenging model drug. SHM-assisted nanoprecipitation method consistently yielded NPs with tailor made sizes (in the range of 100–900 nm) and polydispersity index range from 0.061 to 0.286. Significant effects on NPs sizes were highlighted for TFR and FRR: increasing TFR (from 5 to 15 mL/min) and decreasing FRR (from 1:1 to 1:5 v/v, acetonitrile: buffer) NPs with mean diameter <200 nm were obtained. SHM technique allowed for flexible, application-specific tuning of PLGA NPs size using organic solvents with relatively low toxicity (acetone, acetonitrile), varying aqueous phase composition (Tris buffer vs PVA aqueous solution) and PLGA characteristics (Mw ranging from 25–90 kDa, capped or un-capped PLGA, different lactide:glycolide molar ratio). A very satisfactory N-Ac encapsulation efficiency (more than 67%) and a prolonged release (by 168 h) were achieved.

High performance of poly(dopamine)-functionalized graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites

In this paper, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(dopamine)-functionalized graphene oxide (PGO) nanocomposites with high performance were prepared by an environment-friendly and facile strategy. GO was firstly functionalized and simultaneously reduced by poly(dopamine) to yield PGO. Then it was mixed with PVA in aqueous solution to make PVA/PGO nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the PGO nanosheets are well dispersed and randomly oriented throughout the PVA matrix. At the same time, the thermal properties and water barrier properties of the PVA/PGO nanocomposites have been strikingly enhanced by the incorporation of PGO. The degradation temperature of the nanocomposites is more than 30°C higher than that of pure PVA by the addition of 0.7wt% PGO, which shows good thermal stability. The water vapor permeability of the nanocomposites also decreases to 0.71×10−12gcm/(cm2sPa), corresponding to 80% reduction than that of pure PVA. Moreover, the PVA/PGO nanocomposites also present enhanced conductive properties. The PVA/PGO nanocomposites with such outstanding properties show great promising applications in the fields of packaging, electronics, fuel cell industry, fiber, and so on.