Solar Panels Research Articles

Numerical investigation and optimization of a multi-stage Tesla-valve channel based photovoltaic/thermal module

As an essential form of solar energy utilization, photovoltaic/thermal modules (PV/T) have higher efficiency than solely photovoltaic or photothermal. With regard to the heat recovery issues of PV/T, a novel thermal management method by utilizing a Tesla-valve channel is proposed. Besides, the effect of channel number, Tesla-valve number, solar irradiation, water inlet velocity, as well as water inlet temperature are analyzed using a thermal-electrical-flow coupling CFD simulation. In comparison to the straight channel and zig-zag channel PV/T, reverse multi-stage Tesla-valve channel based PV/T (MSTV-PV/T) can further enhance the solar cell panel efficiency and reduce thermal stress with decreasing max and average temperature of solar cell panel by over 4.5 % and 3 %, respectively. Utilizing response surface methodology, the optimization of MSTV-PV/T performance is conducted with respect to both single and multi-objective criteria. Channel number 8 is the optimal design parameter for all optimization objectives, the maximum output thermal energy, output thermal exergy, and output electrical energy/exergy of the proposed MSTV-PV/T module can be achieved to 1376.34W, 76.74 W, and 432.86 W, respectively.

Sustainable architecture: Envisioning self-sustaining buildings for the future

Sustainable Architecture: Envisioning Self-Sustaining Buildings for the Future explores the imperative for sustainable design practices in the construction industry. With global environmental challenges becoming increasingly urgent, the need for buildings that are not just energy-efficient but also self-sustaining is paramount. This report delves into the principles, technologies, and design strategies that can transform traditional buildings into sustainable structures that reduce environmental impact and enhance quality of life. The report begins by highlighting the pressing need for sustainable architecture, emphasizing the role of buildings in contributing to carbon emissions, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. It then outlines key principles of sustainable architecture, including energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. A major focus of the report is on innovative technologies and design strategies that can be employed to create self-sustaining buildings. These include passive design strategies such as orientation, shading, and natural ventilation, as well as active technologies like solar panels, rainwater harvesting systems, and green roofs. Case studies of successful sustainable buildings from around the world illustrate the practical application of these principles and technologies. Finally, the report discusses the challenges and barriers to implementing sustainable architecture, such as cost considerations, lack of awareness, and regulatory hurdles. It concludes with a call to action for stakeholders in the construction industry to embrace sustainable practices and work towards creating a built environment that is not just sustainable but regenerative, contributing positively to the planet and its inhabitants. "Sustainable Architecture: Envisioning Self-Sustaining Buildings for the Future" provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, technologies, and design strategies that can drive the transition towards a more sustainable built environment. It serves as a valuable resource for architects, designers, policymakers, and anyone interested in creating a more sustainable future. Keywords: Sustainability, Building, Future, Architecture.

Solar -Powered Lawn Care: Revolutionizing Yard Maintenance with Automated Grass Cutting

The introduction of paper adeptly articulates the significance of solar energy as a clean, abundant, and renewable resource. The emphasis on its non-polluting nature distinguishes it as a pivotal player in addressing environmental concerns, particularly the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. By drawing attention to the environmental impact of traditional grass cutters reliant on fuel, it highlights a critical issue – their contribution to both the greenhouse effect and air pollution. Additionally, The acknowledgment of the manual labor involved in operating electric-powered grass cutters underscores the multifaceted challenges associated with conventional methods. This succinctly sets the stage for a solution-oriented exploration, suggesting that an automatic grass cutter powered by renewable energy could provide a promising resolution. The subsequent transition in your discourse towards the central theme of the paper - technological progress in automatic solar grass cutters - adds depth and specificity to the argument. This direction allows for a comprehensive examination of how advancements in technology can directly address the identified problems. The mention of keywords such as"Fully Automated Grass Cutter," "Solar Panel," "Internet of Things," and "Fire Detection Mechanism in Grass Cutter" hints at a investigation into cutting edge development

An Improved Analysis of Distributed Resource Access Location and Capacity on Voltage Stability of Distribution Networks in Smart Grid

Concerns about how Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) may affect distribution network voltage stability have been brought up by the widespread usage of DERs in the elegant Grid. A Smart Grid connects a range of distributed energy resources (DERs) to the distribution network, including electric cars, wind turbines, and solar panels. This connection can alter the working conditions of the network. These changes can lead to voltage stability problems, which can affect the overall efficiency and reliability of the Smart Grid. Thus, there is a need for an improved analysis of the effects of Distributed Resource Access Location and Capacity (DRALC) on voltage strength in distribution networks. Here, we propose an improved analysis of the impact of DRALC on voltage stability in distribution networks in the Smart Grid. Our analysis considers the location and capacity of DERs and their effect on voltage stability using a combination of analytical and simulation methods. We first develop a mathematical model to represent the distribution network, which includes the DERs as voltage sources. Next, we use the voltage stability index and load flow analysis to evaluate the voltage stability of the network under different DRALC scenarios. Finally, we validate our analysis by performing simulations on a real-world distribution network.

Performance analysis of drone sqadron optimisation based MPPT controller for grid implemented PV battery system under partially shaded conditions

In recent years, growing consumer demand for sustainable energy is driving down costs and paving the way for more clean energy in the future. Since these energies are sporadic, and the load pattern does not correlate to their generation pattern, a battery storage system is required. Operating dispersed alternative energy sources, connected to the grid in this situation makes energy control an unavoidable task. The difficulty is brought on by things like intermittent sources, daytime costs, solar panel and battery size restrictions, and limitations in battery charging and discharging rates. Moreover, integrating energy storage devices into the power system network is one of the recommendations made in this work to increase the performance and dependability of these systems. Compared to the existing works reported in the literature, this study offers enhanced control techniques for hybrid Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System under fluctuating atmospheric scenario. Here, an innovative approach called Drone Squadron Optimisation, which tracks the Global Maximum Power Point, is used get maximum power. Further, suggested approach is tested with various partial shading instances and the uniform irradiance condition to validate it. This research also investigates photovoltaic models and the status of the battery storage device for improved energy management in the system. Finally, the proposed algorithm assists in quickly identifying the potential benefits of a grid-connected, battery-powered rooftop solar system.

Chemical Experimentation for Solar Pain Reliever

The Solar Pain Reliever is a cutting-edge device that combines renewable energy and therapeutic relaxation. By harnessing the power of the sun, the Solar Pain Reliever utilizes small solar panels to convert sunlight into heat energy to provide gentle and comforting heat therapy. This innovative device offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional massagers by reducing reliance on electricity grids. The project is a result of thorough research on menstrual and general abdominal pain, its remedy, need for a solution, market survey and technical aspects like use of renewable energy, chemical experimentation, electrical design and ergonomics of product design. It is designed to provide users with a soothing massage experience, relieving muscle tension and promoting relaxation. Its versatile nature allows for indoor and outdoor use, catering to individual preferences and providing flexibility in various settings. With an emphasis on sustainability, it encourages eco-conscious living while enhancing personal well-being. In summary, the Solar Pain Reliever offers a subtle and sustainable solution for relaxation. The product provides users with a therapeutic heat and massage experience while attempting to minimize environmental impact. Keywords: Solar Energy, Electric Energy, Power generation, therapeutic experience

The effects of solar insolation and cloud opacity on the optimum array size for a direct-coupled solar pumping system

The widespread adoption of solar photovoltaic pumping technology requires pertinent information on the sizing and design of these systems. This research investigated how the ratio of photovoltaic array peak power to motor power consumption, solar insolation and cloud opacity affects the water yield of a direct-coupled solar PV pumping system. The specific aim was to estimate the optimum photovoltaic power to motor power consumption (OPVM) ratio for a 3 W DC pump under Jamaican weather conditions. The PVM ratio is the ratio of peak array power to nominal motor power consumption. Four experimental direct coupled solar pumping systems were set up and the water yield for each measured daily for thirty days. Each system was identical in every respect except each having a different solar array peak power. The findings show that there is a strong correlation (Pearson coefficient of −0.903) between solar insolation and the optimum photovoltaic power to motor power consumption ratio. Additionally, there was found to be a strong correlation between average cloud opacity and optimum photovoltaic power to motor power consumption ratio (Pearson coefficient of 0.899). Both correlations were shown to be statistically significant, with both yielding p-values <0.001. The findings of the correlation analysis indicate that a relatively large PVM ratio would be economical when used on a site that regularly receives relatively low insolation and heavy cloud cover. Finally, the daily optimum photovoltaic power to motor power consumption ratio ranged from approximately 2.3 to 5.0. Generally, it was observed that the OPVM ratio shifted below 2.4 on clear sunny days and above 4.0 on very cloudy days. While these conclusions may not exactly extrapolate to scales of practical application, performance metrics of larger systems are expected to bear some similarity. Being guided by these results, additional studies at these larger scales are recommended.

Interfacial competing interaction eliminates voids in the buried interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar modules on bare NiOX

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with impressive efficiency is promising for commercialization. However, when scaling up PSCs to large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs), the rapid degradation of performance and stability still remains a grand challenge. One of the main causes of the degradation is the presence of local voids in the buried interface for large-area films, which we find could be attributed to the unbalanced interfacial interaction between precursor solvent and substrate. Here we improve a scalable and low-temperature sequential two-step chemical bath deposition process aiming for high quality NiOX. Further with the modulation of A-site cations to enhance the interaction between DMSO and perovskite precursor, the potential for DMSO absorbing on the NiOX could be eliminated. This strategy can inhibit the delay movement of DMSO on NiOX and improve the buried interfacial quality, with compact morphology and absent of voids. The inverted structured PSCs and PSMs based on the bare NiOX and modified perovskite precursor reach a champion efficiency of 22.40% and 19.09%, respectively, which are both among the highest reported values. The highly efficient PSMs also exhibit a long-term operational stability, which retain 84% of the initial performance after 1056 h operating under one-sun illumination.

The influence of using MWCNT/ZnO-Water hybrid nanofluid on the thermal and electrical performance of a Photovoltaic/Thermal system

Rising photovoltaic panel temperatures significantly compromise their performance and lifespan, leading to lower power output and conversion efficiency. Consequently, research on PV panel cooling strategies has gained momentum to address these challenges. This study presents an experimental investigation of a photovoltaic/thermal system's performance using a cooling fluid – a multi-walled carbon nanotube/zinc oxide nanofluid. A comparative analysis is conducted on three PV panels: uncooled, water-cooled, and nanofluid-cooled. Notably, our experiment employed a low mass flow rate (0.156 kg/min), significantly lower than typical values reported in prior literature, and a 0.1 wt% nanofluid concentration. Our primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of MWCNT/ZnO nanofluid in enhancing the thermal management and overall efficiency of a PVT system. This study focused on the impact of nanofluid on electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, and exergy performance of the system. The results demonstrate significant improvements. The key findings of this investigation reveal that MWCNT/ZnO nanofluid effectively improves the base fluid's thermal properties, leading to substantial enhancements in both electrical and thermal efficiencies of the PVT system. Compared to the uncooled panel, the nanofluid achieved a maximum temperature reduction of 14.9 °C on the panel surface, a 16.8 % increase in average electrical efficiency, and a maximum thermal efficiency of 51.3 % compared to 45.5 % for water cooling. Moreover, the average overall efficiency of the system with nanofluid cooling reached 58.7 %. Furthermore, the implementation of MWCNT/ZnO nanofluid cooling resulted in a significant boost in maximum overall exergy efficiency, surpassing water cooling and conventional systems by 7 % and 27 %, respectively. Additionally, a 3.5 % reduction in entropy generation and exergy destruction was observed compared to the conventional system.

Thermal and electrical analysis of the performance of a skeleton-shaped tubes via hybrid PVT cooling system

The study investigates methods to mitigate the decrease in performance of solar panels caused by increased cell temperatures. Using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, two cooling methods for photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) modules are compared. Configuration 1 employs longitudinally connected tubes beneath the solar panels, while configuration 2 utilizes skeleton-shaped aluminum tubes inserted into the cells from below. Both configurations undergo cooling with air (case 1) and water (case 2) at a mass flow rate of 0.0025 kg/s. Results indicate that configuration 2, employing skeleton-shaped tube cooling, surpasses configuration 1 in both thermal and electrical efficiency. In case 1, configuration 2 achieves a notable improvement of approximately 24.3 % in thermal efficiency and a marginal increase of 0.16 % in electrical efficiency compared to configuration 1. In case 2, with water cooling, configuration 2 demonstrates a 7.27 % enhancement in thermal efficiency and a more substantial increase of 3.98 % in electrical efficiency over configuration 1. The hybrid PVT system utilizing skeleton-shaped tube cooling with water at a mass flow rate of 0.0025 kg/s proves highly effective in maintaining peak thermal and electrical efficiency.This work addresses the critical issue of solar panel performance decline due to increased cell temperatures, proposing innovative cooling methods and quantifying their effectiveness. The study’s novelty lies in the utilization of skeleton-shaped aluminum tubes for cooling, which outperforms traditional cooling configurations. These findings underscore the importance of advanced cooling techniques in optimizing PVT module performance, offering valuable insights for future research and practical applications in the renewable energy sector.

Cooling performance improvement for two hot elastic plates by using double channels with rotating cylinders

Abstract Alternative cooling systems that can be used for thermal management in different technological applications such as in batteries, solar panels, electronic systems and in diverse heat transfer equipments are needed. This study uses a hybrid channel system with rotating circular cylinders to explore the cooling of two heated elastic plates. The numerical analysis of a coupled fluid-structure-thermal system with rotating cylinders is done using the finite element technique with ALE. The study is carried out for different values of the Reynolds number (Re) in the upper channel flow (between 200 and 1000), the non-dimensional rotational speeds of the cylinders (Ω in the range between -1000 and 1000), and the non-dimensional location of the cylinders (between 0.4 and 1) taking into account the cooling of both the rigid and elastic plates. Rigid plates have better cooling performance than elastic ones. The cooling performance increases for both rigid and elastic plates reach up to 26.1% and 31.7% at the maximum upper channel flow Re. For elastic and rigid plates, CCW rotation at maximum speed increases cooling performance by 18.5% and 19%, respectively, but CW rotation increments cooling performance by only 7%. By using optimization, the cooling performance increase with rotatingcylinders at Re=200 is determined to be 73.6% more than that of the case without cylinders. Optimization results in an extra 11.2% increase in cooling performance at Re=1000 when compared to the parametric CFD scenario

Sensitivity analysis of distributed photovoltaic system capacity estimation based on artificial neural network

Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations are expected to continue increasing due to their growing cost competitiveness and supportive government policies. However, excessive installations of unknown behind-the-meter solar panels present a challenge for accurate load prediction and reliable operations of power networks. To address such growing concerns of distribution network operators (DNOs), this research proposes a novel model for distributed PV system capacity estimations. Innovative extracted features from 24-hour substation net load curves were fed into a deep neural network to estimate the PV capacity linked to the substation feeder. A comprehensive study into the sensitivity of the model’s accuracy to specific temporal scales of data collection, number of households served by a substation, and proportion of PV-equipped properties was conducted. This study revealed that a model developed to be used exclusively in summer achieved a 18.1% decrease in estimation root mean squared error (RMSE) compared to an all-year model, whilst using only a third of the training data amount. Similarly, compared to an all-year model, RMSE decreased by 26.9% when only data from Mondays to Thursdays were used to train and test the model. Also, for the all-year model, the most accurate estimations occur when 20% to 80% of households have PV systems installed and estimation percentage error tend to remain constant at around 10% when more than 20% of households have PV systems installed. A machine learning-ready dataset of substations with known PV capacity and experiment results are both useful to inform DNOs on the potential of the proposed method in reducing grid operation costs.

Geometric Approach to Solar Panels

Geometric Approach to Solar Panels

Environmental impacts as the key objectives for perovskite solar cells optimization

With perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance already touching the limits of single junction PV devices, the major challenges have now shifted to upscaling and stability. A plethora of materials and processes have been used for making perovskite solar cells/modules in order to tackle these challenges. However, it is important to see the impact of these decision variables not only on the cost and efficiency of the final cells but also on their environmental footprint. In this work, the analysis of these different options of technologies and materials on the final environmental footprint using a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) approach is carried out and uncertainty with respect to these options is discussed in detail in order to gain insights into more optimal designs of perovskite solar cells. A comparison of the possible range of environmental impact indicators for perovskite solar modules with existing mature PV technologies is also presented to highlight the future prospects of perovskite solar technology in providing more eco-friendly and sustainable energy solutions. The results indicate that on average PSCs are not considerably better than existing PV technologies and show the possibility of optimizing PSCs with respect to different LCA indicators.

Exploring the Relationship between Solar Panel Adoption and Socio-Economic Factors: A Case Study of Urban Households in Developing Countries

This article will discuss the results of research on how the use of solar panels as an alternative energy source is related to social and economic factors, especially in urban areas in developing countries. This study will analyze factors such as education level, income, and people's perceptions of alternative energy to identify correlations between solar panel use and socio-economic variables. It is hoped that this article can provide new insights for public policy in promoting the use of renewable energy and creating a more inclusive society. This research can be categorized as quantitative. The research method used is the associative research method. The data analysis method used is correlation analysis. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The results of the study show that there are different characteristics of the relationship between the use of solar panels and socio-economic variables. Research on the relationship between global solar panel use and factors such as the number of prosumers, total kwh exports, GRDP, total investment, total load, home charging ev, distance to the capital city, air quality, and per capita expenditure has very important uses for stakeholders, especially in terms of sustainable energy development and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Policymakers can use the results of this research to formulate more appropriate policies to promote the use of solar energy and drive the shift to renewable energy sources.

Energy Production Optimization by Positioning of Solar Panels and Surveillance System with Cleaning of Panels

The pursuit of efficient and sustainable energy generation has led to the widespread adoption of solar panels. However, the optimal performance of these panels can be hindered by factors such as dirt accumulation, suboptimal orientation, and security concerns. To address these challenges, we propose an integrated Solar Panel Tracking, Cleaning, and Surveillance System (SPTCSS). Our system employs advanced tracking technology to optimize solar panel orientation, ensuring maximum exposure to sunlight throughout the day. Additionally, it incorporates automated cleaning mechanisms, utilizing water and brushes to remove dust, debris, and other contaminants, thereby maintaining peak efficiency. Furthermore, the surveillance aspect of the system provides real-time monitoring and security features, safeguarding against theft, vandalism, and unauthorized access. Through a network of sensors and cameras, any anomalies or suspicious activities can be promptly detected and addressed. By integrating tracking, cleaning, and surveillance functionalities into a single system, our solution offers a comprehensive approach to enhancing the performance, longevity, and security of solar panel installations. This not only maximizes energy generation but also minimizes maintenance requirements and mitigates risks, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and reliable renewable energy infrastructure

Evolving Power Factor Correction in Solar Water Pumping Systems through Zeta Converter-Based BLDC Motor Drives

The aim of this paper is to present the design and implementation of a new power conditioning system for a stand-alone solar-powered water pumping system. The system integrates a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive with a Power Factor Correction (PFC) Zeta converter to improve energy efficiency and reliability. In order to power BLDC motors for water pumping applications—which are essential for irrigation in isolated locations without access to the grid—the suggested solution attempts to overcome the difficulties related to the direct use of variable solar power. The PFC Zeta converter, which is the system's central component, is made to maximize power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) panels under fluctuating solar irradiation, guarantee high power factor, and reduce harmonic distortion in the electrical grid. A BLDC motor that powers a water pump is efficiently operated by this converter, which also optimizes the DC link voltage. A BLDC motor is especially well-suited for solar-powered applications due to its increased efficiency, dependability, and longer lifespan when compared to traditional induction motors. In order to continuously modify the PV panels' operating point to the maximum power point and maximize the amount of energy they capture, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is incorporated into the PFC Zeta converter's control strategy. The BLDC motor drive control strategy is carefully designed to guarantee seamless operation and flexibility in response to the fluctuating output from the solar panels, upholding the best possible pumping action in any solar situation. The system's capacity to sustain high efficiency and power factor under a variety of operating circumstances is demonstrated by the experimental findings. When the PFC Zeta converter is used, the solar-powered water pumping system performs much better overall. It shows a notable increase in energy conversion efficiency and lowers total harmonic distortion, which prolongs the pumping system's lifespan. By offering a solid method for raising the effectiveness and dependability of solar-powered water pumping devices, this study advances the sector and holds the possibility of a long-term water supply option for agricultural irrigation in isolated locations. In addition to utilizing renewable solar energy's environmental advantages, the suggested solution tackles the real-world difficulties associated with putting dependable and effective water pumping equipment into off-grid applications.

An efficient hybrid approach based design of photovoltaic fed grid integrated wireless electric vehicle battery charger

AbstractThis article proposes a Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO) technique for photovoltaic fed grid connected wireless electric vehicle battery‐charger. The optimization issues are solved by the FHO across a countless endless exploring space. The main aim of the proposed technique is to enhance the efficiency, reduce energy demand, improve communication amid the receiver and transmitter sides of electric vehicle (EV) and reduce range anxiety. A photovoltaic (PV) panel, an energy storage unit (ESU), and electric vehicles are part of the proposed topology. Each unit is separately regulated, and the converter of energy storage unit uses a voltage‐regulation mechanism to guarantee that the direct current bus voltage is kept in nominal‐level when operating in various circumstances. An essential requirement for the quick commercialization of EVs is the ability to charge them. Moreover, the charging‐station smartly uses grid power in the event that the battery storage is empty and the generation of solar photovoltaic array is not available. The inverter is tuned using the proposed technique. The FHO method is done in MATLAB software and it evaluated their performance. The proposed methodology provides higher efficiency of 91% than the existing techniques.

Implementation of modified P&O and an adaptive fuzzy logic controller based MPPT tracking system under partial shading and variable environmental conditions

Most of the conventional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithms provide the finest efficiency during uniform irradiation conditions, but under variable irradiation or partial shading condition (PSC), the performance deteriorates and the solar PV system is unable to provide the maximum electricity out of the PV Modules. This degradation in performance occurs due to the presence of numerous local maximum power points (LMPP) and a single global maximum power point (GMPP) in the power versus voltage (P-V) characteristics and the perfect tracking of these LMPP is not possible with the prevailing MPPT algorithms. In order to eradicate this shortcoming, we have proposed the implementation of an adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) technique by employing a boost converter with variable resistive load under uniform irradiance condition (UIC), dynamic atmospheric conditions (DAC) and PSC in this article. We also demonstrated the usage of a simple and improved P&O algorithm by employing a buck boost converter for faster tracking time. These two suggested approaches of FLC and P&O incorporate a variable load scenario and a stable load scenario respectively to address the problem of output voltage oscillation in a PV-based system. The FLC is designed to adjust the dynamic change in step size based on the rate of change of the yield power of the PV panel to reduce oscillations in output of the boost converter and the PV system. According to the results of this analysis, the recommended FLC-based P&O (FLC-P&O) algorithm outperforms the proposed P&O algorithm under DAC and PSC with respect to tracking speed, steady-state error, and dynamic response. Apparently, it can be concluded that the proposed FLC-P&O technique can be applicable to real-time systems for reliable and efficient operation of the boost converter and add to the stability and simplicity of the contemporary PV-based systems.

Comparative Analysis of Reverse Truncated Pyramid and Other Nonimaging Concentrators as the Receiver in Laser Wireless Power Transmission System

The global energy landscape faces significant challenges in meeting the demands of modern industries for stable and efficient energy supply. Laser wireless power transmission (LWPT) systems, which utilize the photovoltaic effect to convert laser beam energy, hold great promise due to their long-range transmission capability and high precision. However, the current energy conversion efficiency of these systems requires further improvement to achieve optimal performance. To enhance concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system performance, the study examines different nonimaging concentrators such as reverse truncated pyramid, cross-compound parabolic concentrator, and square elliptical hyperboloid. Numerical simulations using the finite element method analyze the multifield coupling mechanism of PV modules with various concentration lenses. Three CPV systems with RTP concentrators of different heights were studied to understand the impact of geometry on CPV performance. And the main impact of rotation angle was discussed. The research findings provide essential insights into CPV system performance and the influence of different concentration lenses, contributing valuable knowledge towards improving LWPT technologies.