Putian City Research Articles

Transparent Cap-Assisted Blunt Endoscopic Dissection of Gastric Submucosal Tumours Smaller than 2cm.

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transparent cap-assisted blunt dissection (TCABD) in the endoscopic resection of gastric submucosal tumours (G-SMT) smaller than 2cm, as compared with conventional electronic knife dissection. Randomised controlled analysis. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, China, from July 2020 to 2022. Fifty-eight patients having G-SMT smaller than 2cm were included. They were randomly divided into two groups; undergoing transparent cap-assisted blunt dissection (BD group) and conventional endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE group). The pathology, lesion size in long diameter (mm), operation time, the number of clips used to close the wounds, the number of snare used to resect the tumour, hospital days, hospitalisation expense, en bloc resection rate, and the complications including perforation, postoperative bleeding, and postoperative infection were compared between the two groups. The mean long diameter in the BD group was 9.6 ± 3.6mm, while the conventional ESE group was 10.7 ± 4.5mm. As compared with the conventional ESE group, the operation time, the number of clips used to close the wounds, the number of snare used to resect the tumours, the hospital days, and the hospitalisation expense were all significantly decreased (p <0.05). The perforation rate was lower in the BD group (p <0.05). TCABD was effective and safe in the endoscopic resection of G-SMT smaller than 2cm. TCABD could help to reduce the perforation rate, shorten the operation time and hospital days, and decrease the hospitalisation expense in the endoscopic resection of G-SMT. Endoscopic submucosal excavation, Endoscopic full-thickness resection, Endoscopic resection, Submucosal tumour, Transparent cap-assisted blunt dissection.

Which Factors Affect the Visual Preference and User Experience: A Case Study of the Mulan River Greenway in Putian City, China

Which Factors Affect the Visual Preference and User Experience: A Case Study of the Mulan River Greenway in Putian City, China

A New Paradigm for Assessing Detailed Dynamics of Forest Landscape Fragmentation

There is an urgent need for a thorough assessment of forest landscape fragmentation to inform forest protection and restoration, and reforestation policies. However, there is currently a lack of an effective comprehensive index for forest landscape fragmentation, and detailed knowledge of the forest landscape fragmentation dynamics remains insufficient. Here, taking Putian City of Fujian Province in Southeastern China as a case, we employed a forest fragmentation comprehensive index (FFCI) to capture key features of forest landscape fragmentation, such as patch size, number, and distribution. Then, bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to identify the spatial associations between the static forest landscape fragmentation (FFCI) and the dynamic forest landscape fragmentation (ΔFFCI), and the spatial coupling modes among the three individual components of FFCI (mean patch area, MPA; aggregation index, AI; patch density, PD) were identified to explore the detail process of forest landscape fragmentation. Finally, the random forest model was applied to observe the impact factors of forest landscape fragmentation dynamics. The findings showed that forest landscapes with different degrees of fragmentation exhibited more noticeable changes at both ends (i.e., either high or lower-level fragmentation), with the intermediate level remaining consistent from 2000 to 2020. Around 18.3% of forest landscapes experienced a decrease in fragmentation, particularly in the northern part of the study area, while approximately 81.7% of forest landscapes exhibited an increasing trend in fragmentation. The bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the proportion of Low–High-type grids was the highest at 17.3%, followed by the High–High type at 7.0%. We also identified eight forest landscape fragmentation modes, which indicate the most significant forest landscape fragmentation pattern is a decrease in MPA and an increase in PD. Moreover, the anthropogenic factors (e.g., population density and night light intensity) were found to dominate the FFCI dynamics during 2000–2020. This study offers an efficient research paradigm for the dynamics of forest landscape fragmentation. The outcomes are conducive to an in-depth comprehension of the detailed dynamic information of forest landscape fragmentation, and supply a scientific foundation for enhancing the overall ecological service function of the forest.

Centralized Medical Observation in the COVID-19 Response: A Retrospective Field Study

Background: Non-drug interventions are the most active and effective response strategies until the availability of 100% effective vaccines and antiviral drugs. As one of the important means of non-drug interventions, centralized medical observation plays a crucial role in the epidemic prevention and control. Methods: This retrospective study focused on the epidemic response in Putian city (Fujian, China) as the observation object, descriptive and qualitative analysis methods was discuss our practice and experience of the centralized medical observation during the epidemic response. Results: In September 2021, a total of 205 confirmed cases and 41 asymptomatic patients were reported in Putian city; a total of 11,201 contacts of all types were tracked and all were included in centralized medical observation; 110 centralized medical observation sites were put into use; 3,173 staff of various types were selected and dispatched to centralized medical observation sites to undertake the task of the epidemic prevention and control. Conclusion: Intensive medical observation assumes the tasks of isolation, health surveillance, nucleic acid testing, psychological assistance, infection prevention and control. It is an effective and practical strategy to deal with the epidemic of major infectious diseases caused by viruses transmitted via air or direct contact, such as the COVID-19.

Dynamic Land-Use Patterns and the Associated Impacts on Ecosystem Services Value in Putian City, China

Dynamic Land-Use Patterns and the Associated Impacts on Ecosystem Services Value in Putian City, China

Land-Use Transitions and Its Driving Mechanism Analysis in Putian City, China, during 2000–2020

Investigating the spatial-temporal evolution of land use and its driving forces provides a scientific basis for policy formulation, land-use structure adjustment, and ecological civilization development. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study analyzed remote sensing images from 2000, 2010, and 2020 to derive basic land-use data for Putian City and its five districts and counties. These data were then systematically analyzed using methodologies such as Single Land-use Dynamics and Geo-informatic Tupu to reveal the characteristics of land-use transitions (LUTs), and the spatial-temporal evolution pattern over the past two decades in Putian City, China. Subsequently, socioeconomic conditions and macro policies were identified as driving factors to further explore the mechanisms behind land-use evolution in the study area through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The findings revealed that: (1) The predominant land-use structure in Putian City consisted mainly of cultivated land and forest land, with other land types interspersed within them, while built-up land exhibited continual outward expansion. (2) Various regions within Putian City exhibited varying degrees of abandoned farmland, ultimately transforming into wasteland (grassland) with weed growth, presenting significant challenges for ensuring food security and mitigating the conversion of cultivated land to non-agricultural and non-grain uses. (3) Specific macro-economic development objectives during distinct periods, particularly urban expansion and the growth of the secondary industry resulting from municipal and county mergers, emerged as pivotal factors driving the spatial and temporal evolution of land use and influenced the differential distribution pattern across Putian City. Consequently, this study suggests bolstering scientific planning and implementing effective regulations concerning land use, and it advocates for the efficient utilization of space-time resources pertaining to cultivated land, integrating them with agriculture, culture, and tourism endeavors. Such measures are proposed to ensure the harmonized and sustainable development of the regional ecological economy.

MitoQ Alleviated PM2.5 Induced Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Injury by Inhibiting Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), an important component of ambient air pollution, induces significant adverse health effects. MitoQuinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, has been reported to play a protective role in various diseases. However, the roles of MitoQ in PM2.5 induced pulmonary toxicity remains to be elucidated. All the experiments were performed at Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Translational Oncology of Fujian Province, Putian City, China in 2023. Pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) were pretreated with 4 μM MitoQ for 2 h and exposed to PM2.5 for 24 h. Cell viability was tested through CCK8 assay. Oxidative stress state and active mitochondria was used to study MitoQ's effect on PM2.5 induced injury, and cell apoptosis was measured using a flow cytometer and analyzed by Bcl-2 family. MitoQ pretreatment significantly relieved a decreased cell viability, subsequently, MitoQ alleviated ROS production and prevented the reduction of T-AOC and GSH and increased the expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p62 in A549 cells exposed to PM2.5. MitoQ restored the decreased mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics disorder and inhibited activated mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induced by PM2.5. Furthermore, the decreased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and expression of Mcl-1 and the enhanced expression of Caspase-3 were reversed by MitoQ pretreatment. MitoQ might be regarded as a potential drug to relieve PM2.5 induced pulmonary epithelial cells damage.

Clinical application of the modified neck-shoulder technique based on membrane autopsy to laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prosthesis for indirect inguinal hernia

ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomical basis and clinical application value of the modified neck-shoulder technique based on membrane autopsy in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prosthesis (TEP) for tension-free repairs of indirect inguinal hernia. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the clinical data of 136 patients with indirect inguinal hernia who underwent laparoscopic TEP for tension-free repairs at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Unit 1, the First Hospital of Putian City, Fujian Province from June 2017 to June 2020. The patients were divided into the modified neck-shoulder technique group (68 cases) and the traditional surgery group (68 cases), according to the different surgical methods. The intraoperative and postoperative conditions of the two groups were compared. ResultsBoth the modified neck-shoulder technique group and the traditional surgery group completed the herniorrhaphy. Compared with the traditional surgery group, the modified neck-shoulder technique group had a shorter operation time [(37.15 ± 5.320) min vs. (54.04 ± 5.202) min, t = 18.472, p < 0.001], less intraoperative blood loss [(5.53 ± 1.634) ml vs. (16.21 ± 3.375) ml, t = 23.544, p < 0.001], lower incidence of intraoperative peritoneal injury [3 cases (4.41%) vs. 9 cases (13.26%), χ2 = 3.29, p = 0.07], lower intraoperative conversion rate [1 case (1.47%) vs. 8 cases (11.76%), χ2 = 5.83, p = 0.016], and lower incidence of postoperative chronic pain [1 case (1.47%) vs. 12 cases (17.65%), χ2 = 10.291, p = 0.001], all of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Both groups were followed up for 12 months after surgery. Relapse was not observed in any case. ConclusionDrawing upon the surgical principles of the open neck-shoulder technique and the understanding of the membrane autopsy in the inguinal region, our center has summarized a set of operation procedures called the “modified neck-shoulder technique” for laparoscopic TEP in the tension-free repairs of indirect inguinal hernias. This new surgical technique could expeditiously and precisely navigate the interlayer gap in the preperitoneal space under the enlarged view of the laparoscope. It facilitated the high ligation, disconnection, or repositioning of the hernia sac, enhancing the reliability of patch placement while minimizing collateral damage, reducing postoperative complications, and shortening operation time.

Development and validation for multifactor prediction model of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a global problem threatening human health. Early and rapid diagnosis contributes to effective treatment. However, there is a lack of effective SSNHL prediction models. A retrospective study of SSNHL patients from Fujian Geriatric Hospital (the development cohort with 77 participants) was conducted and data from First Hospital of Putian City (the validation cohort with 57 participants) from January 2018 to December 2021 were validated. Basic characteristics and the results of the conventional coagulation test (CCT) and the blood routine test (BRT) were then evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to develop a prediction model to identify variables significantly associated with SSNHL, which were then included in the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration ability of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration plot, and decision curve analysis both in the development and validation cohorts. Delong's test was used to calculate the difference in ROC curves between the two cohorts. Thrombin time (TT), red blood cell (RBC), and granulocyte-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) were found to be associated with the diagnosis of SSNHL. A prediction nomogram was constructed using these three predictors. The AUC in the development and validation cohorts was 0.871 (95% CI: 0.789-0.953) and 0.759 (95% CI: 0.635-0.883), respectively. Delong's test showed no significant difference in the ROC curves between the two groups (D = 1.482, p = 0.141). In this study, a multifactor prediction model for SSNHL was established and validated. The factors included in the model could be easily and quickly accessed, which could help physicians make early diagnosis and clinical treatment decisions.

Intergenerational Habitat and Memory Transition of Home Town of Overseas Chinese in Southeast China Coastal Region: An Ethnographic Study

At the beginning of the last century, many people in Fujian, Guangdong and other Southeast China Coastal Region left their hometown and worked hard to make a living in Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and other countries. Houhuang village, located in Putian City, is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Fujian Province of China. It is known as the “Nanyang style village” of Putian because of its unique architectural style and cultural landscape. Overseas Chinese play an important role in the construction of Houhuang village, and the precipitated overseas Chinese culture has become one of the most unique and distinctive cultural marks. However, in this village, the memory of overseas Chinese is facing the crisis of “being forgotten”, and the fresh memory of overseas Chinese in personal experience is being eliminated from overseas Chinese culture. By ethnographic research methods and discourse paradigms such as oral history and field investigation, this study explores the reasons, and comes to the conclusion that the “forgetting” of overseas Chinese’s memory in the post period is mainly attributed to four aspects: return obstruction, blood dilution, cultural immersion and no way to give back. At the same time, the weakening of overseas Chinese memory has led to three phenomena: the “otherness” of overseas Chinese groups, the “empty generalization” of identity and the “flattening” of overseas Chinese culture. In this regard, the article puts forward reflection and prospect, hoping to record the memory of overseas Chinese through network media and oral history, change the concept of villagers, and let the historical memory of overseas Chinese continue to live in Southeast China Coastal Region.

EWM-FCE-ODM-Based Evaluation of Smart Community Construction: From the Perspective of Residents’ Sense of Gain

As a crucial paradigm for addressing urbanization-related problems, smart community construction is in full swing, and its goal is to enhance residents’ sense of gain. Prior studies have not been able to account for all aspects of smart community construction, especially the evaluation tools from the perspective of residents’ sense of gain. Therefore, this paper seeks to establish a comprehensive evaluation framework for residents’ sense of gain in the smart community through the integrated method, which includes the entropy weight method (EWM), the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), and the obstacle degree model (ODM). For the purpose of verifying the feasibility of the evaluation framework, 31 smart communities in 6 Chinese cities (Shenzhen City, Putian City, Huizhou City, Dongguan City, Zhengzhou City, and Luoyang City) were selected. The results indicated that the weight of “Cultural activities for the elderly” indicator is the highest while the “Overall design” indicator is the lowest. In addition, Putian City had the best performance, but Shenzhen City ranked last among the six cities. Moreover, among the 31 communities, the Fengshan community in Putian City performed the best while the Xinglong community in Luoyang City performed the worst. Several suggestions are proposed to improve residents’ sense of gain in smart communities, such as enhancing the quality of healthcare services, meeting the needs of the elderly through multiple channels, and enriching business services. This study not only innovates the evaluation method of smart community construction from the perspective of residents’ sense of gain but also provides suggestions for promoting the sustainable development of the smart community and enabling residents to feel more satisfied.

A prediction nomogram for postoperative gastroparesis syndrome in right colon cancer: a retrospective study.

To investigate the high-risk factors for postoperative gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) in right colon cancer and to build a prediction nomogram for personalized prediction of PGS. Our study retrospectively analyzed 361 patients with right colon cancer who underwent right hemicolectomy at The First Hospital of Putian City in Fujian Province, China and who were hospitalized between January 2012 and July 2022. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors for PGS and to establish a nomogram model. Furthermore, discrimination, calibration, and clinical benefits were used to evaluate the model. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that dissection of the subpyloric lymph nodes (No. 206 lymph node) (OR 5.242, P = 0.005), preoperative fasting blood glucose level (OR 3.708, P = 0.024), preoperative albumin level (OR 3.503, P = 0.020), and total operative time (OR 4.648, P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for PGS. Based on the above four factors, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and C-index of the nomogram were 0.831. The prediction nomogram's calibration curve was closer to the ideal diagonal, and the Hosmer‒Lemeshow test indicated that the nomogram fit well (P = 0.399). Moreover, the decision curve analysis revealed that the model can present better clinical benefits when the threshold probability was between 1 and 28%, and the internal validation verified the dependability of the model (C-index = 0.948). A risk prediction nomogram based on perioperative factors provided the physician with a simple, visual, and efficient tool for the prediction and management of PGS in right colon cancer.

A Study on the Supply Chain Structure of Rural Talents and Its Optimization Measures in the Context of Rural Revitalization—Take Putian City as an Example

A Study on the Supply Chain Structure of Rural Talents and Its Optimization Measures in the Context of Rural Revitalization—Take Putian City as an Example

Investigation of Local Tsunami Effect on Coastal Areas: A Case Study of Putian City, Fujian Province, China

In this paper, we explored the local tsunami hazards induced by an active local seismic Quanzhou fault, along the coastlines of the City of Putian, Fujian Province, in the southeast of China. The simulation results indicated that the tsunami wave will hit the nearest coast of Putian 0.5 h after the earthquake occurs. The most serious tsunami inundation depth in Putian was less than 3.0 m. This study also conducted a sensitivity test of the tsunami amplitude and inundation in response to different seismic source parameters, particularly the rake and strike angles of the Quanzhou fault. Based on the post-earthquake survey and the most updated geophysical data, the uniform dislocation distribution is applied in the range of scientific geometrical characteristic parameters for numerical modeling. A 20° change in the rake angle increases the inundation area from 50.0 km2 to more than 100.0 km2, and increases the tsunami amplitude from 0.2 m to 1.0 m. In this study, the tsunami hazard of Putian is more sensitive to the rake than to the strike angle for a local fault. Tsunamis generated by seismic fault could also result in serious coastal flooding along the coastlines locally, and the time for emergency response is limited. The research results could provide technical support for refining local tsunami hazard assessment and contingency plans, to save decision-making time and avoid waste of social resources.

Epidemiological study of HPV infection in 40,693 women in Putian: a population study based on screening for high-risk HPV infection

BackgroundThe infection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) is high in the coastal regions of China. However, the infection rate among high-risk genotypes of women in Putian City is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the epidemiology of high-risk HPV infection among women in Putian and provide a reference for the diagnosis, treatment and vaccination of cervical cancer in this region.MethodsThe data used were obtained from the Chinese government’s public health program (“Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Project”). A total of 40,693 female cervical cell exfoliation samples screened for high-risk HPV at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian University from July 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. DNA was extracted using a fully automatic extractor. Then, 14 high-risk genotypes of HPV were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The characteristics of HPV infection, distribution of high-risk genotypes, infection types and thinprep cytologic test (TCT) classification at different age groups were analysed.ResultsAmong the 40,693 samples, 3899 were infected with HPV, with an infection rate of 9.6%. Accordingly, HPV infection rates gradually increased with age, and statistically significant differences were observed among age groups (χ2 = 74.03, P < 0.01). The infection rates of high-risk HPV52, HPV58 and HPV16 were in the top three and increased with age. Single infection was dominant (84.7%), followed by double infections (12.7%). The cervical cytology of 3899 HPV-positive people can be classified into negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM, 88.0%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US, 6.6%), atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H, 1.4%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL, 3.2%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, 0.8%). HPV16 infection rate increased with increasing severity of cervical cytology (χ2trend = 43.64, P < 0.01), whereas the infection rates of HPV52 (χ2trend = 13.89, P < 0.01) and HPV58 (χ2trend = 13.50, P < 0.01) showed opposite trends.ConclusionThe infection rate of female HPV high-risk screening in this region was 9.6% and mainly involved single infections. In addition, HPV16, HPV52 and HPV58 were closely related to the severity of cervical cytology. Effective screening, vaccination and education are needed. The 9-valent vaccine will be effective in reducing cervical pre-invasive disease. It would also be reasonable to state that the rising trend in HPV infection and high grade cytology with age emphasises the need to target older women with screening. Vaccination of younger women (aged ≤ 25) will lay the foundation for better cancer outcomes in the future.

Clinical Spectrum and Endoscopic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumour.

To analyse the clinical spectrum and endoscopic treatment outcome of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Case series. The First Hospital of Putian City of Fujian Province, China from 2012 to 2019. Patients with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours were searched on the gastrointestinal endoscopic database and the hospital medical records database. Patients who were evaluated and treated at other institutions or with insufficient clinical information were excluded. Data were extracted from the databases, including clinical presentation, tumour size and location, treatment, complications of treatment, and clinical and endoscopic follow-up. In 113 cases, 92 tumours were smaller than 1 cm, 16 tumours were between 1-2 cm, and 5 tumours were larger than 2 cm in size. Ninety-five (84.1%) tumours showed as nodules with smooth surface, and 4(3.5%) as neoplasms with malignant performance. The tumours were limited to the mucosa in 14 (12.4%) cases, invaded into the submucosa in 88 (77.9%) cases, and the muscularis propria in 6 cases (5.3%). Most of the tumours (87.6%) were located in the rectum. The Ki-67 index was more than 30% in cases with metastases. One hundred and eight (95.6%) gastrointestinal carcinoid tumour patients were treated with endoscopic resection including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and 5 (4.4%) patients underwent surgical resection. All 108 patients including the 6 patients with positive margins had no relapse of carcinoid tumour on follow-up. The rectum may be the most common location of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours in Asian people. Most small tumours located in the stomach, colon, and rectum are nonfunctional, especially in rectum. Endoscopic excision including EMR and ESD is effective and safe for the treatment of small-sized gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Ki-67 index can be a good predictor for malignant potency of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours, Neuroendocrine tumour, Clinical features, Endoscopic treatment.

Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., a new freshwater diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Dongzhen Reservoir, Fujian Province, China

A new species of the genus Pinnularia is described, Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov., from the Dongzhen Reservoir, Putian City, Fujian Province, China. This new taxon is characterized by having narrowly linear-lanceolate valves, slightly undulate margins and a slightly constricted center, subcapitate apices, narrow axial area and a central area generally forming an asymmetric, rhomboid fascia. The species is compared to Pinnularia nodosa var. hankensis, P. stauroptera var. longa, P. lange-bertalotii, P. pulchra, P. beyensii and P. daerbinsis, all of which closely resemble Pinnularia dongzhenensis sp. nov. but differ from the new species in specific details of size, valve shape and stria density.

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Gibbago trianthemae on Sesuvium portulacastrum in China.

Sea purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum L.) , a member of the family Aizoaceae, is a sprawling perennial herb with smooth, fleshy, glossy green leaves grown in most coastal areas, and is highly tolerant to salt, drought and heavy metals, which make it a pioneer plant species for dune fixation, seawater desalination and phytoremediation in coastal areas (Lokhande et al., 2013). In addition, it can also be used as vegetable, livestock feed, ornamental and medicinal plant. During the investigation of coastal plant germplasm resources of Fujian province of China in June 2021, a severe leaf spot disease of S. portulacastrum was observed. Infected leaves showed round, sunken, dark-brown necrotic lesions with maroon to brown margins, and severely diseased plants showed considerable leaf necrosis and premature defoliation. Typical infected leaves of S. portulacastrum were collected from Houhai (25°18'11.54''N, 119°14'31.98''E), located in Putian city, Fujian province. After isolation and purification, one fungal isolate SPHH was obtained. Colonies of SPHH on PDA medium reached 4.0 cm in diameter after 7 days at 26℃. On the medium prepared with S. portulacastrum leaves (fresh leaves 200 g/L, glucose 15 g/L, agar 20 g/L, pH 6.5) at 26℃ with cycled light (12 h light/12 h dark) for 7 days, conidiophores were slightly pigmented, solitary or loosely fasciculate, erect, rarely branched, septate, and slightly swollen at the apex with sympodial proliferation; mature conidia were yellow-brown, smooth, beakless, ellipsoid, muriform, possessing 3-4 transverse septa with slight constriction at the median septum and 1-4 longitudinal septa, with average dimension of 31-41 × 15-22 μm (n=100). Conidia germinated from apical, lateral and basal cells to form multiple germ tubes. Germ tubes could develop into secondary conidiophores to produce similar conidia. These morphological characteristics were similar to those of Gibbago trianthemae (Simmons, 1986). Until now, G. trianthemae has only been reported as the pathogen on horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) in Cuba, the USA, Venezuela, India, Pakistan and Mexico (Simmons, 1986; Aneja and Kaushal, 1999; Akhtar et al., 2013; Rubén et al., 2020). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified and sequenced using primers ITS1F and ITS4 (Gardes and Bruns, 1993; White et al., 1990). The resultant amplicon sequence (NCBI accession No. OK513442) showed 99.64% identity (559 bp/561 bp) with the ITS of G. trianthemae strain GT-VM (NCBI accession No. KJ825852, Kumar et al., 2016). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the ITS sequences of strain SPHH, G. trianthemae strains and other strains from genera Dendryphiella, Paradendryphiella, Stemphylium and Pleospora. Strain SPHH was located within the same clade with G. trianthemae strains. Healthy S. portulacastrum plants were spray inoculated with the conidial suspension (105 conidia/mL) of SPHH and were kept at 26℃ with high humidity. Round, water-soaked lesions were observed on inoculated plant leaves 3-5 days after inoculation, similar to the symptoms found in the natural environment. As the lesions expanded, infected leaves gradually became chlorotic and abscised after 7-10 days. Plants inoculated with 0.02% Tween-20 solution which was used to prepare the conidial suspension of G. trianthemae remained symptomless. All pathogenicity tests were performed in two independent biological replicates, with five technical repeats for each, and similar results were obtained. Re-isolation of G. trianthemae from the diseased tissues of inoculated S. portulacastrum fulfilled Koch's postulates. Thus, G. trianthemae was the causal agent of the leaf spot disease of S. portulacastrum. This is the first report of G. trianthemae as a pathogen on S. portulacastrum. G. trianthemae has great potential for development as a mycoherbicide against T. portulacastrum (Mitchell, 1988; Kumar et al., 2016.), however, due to the ecological and certain economic importance of S. portulacastrum, management of this fungal disease on S. portulacastrum may be necessary.

Physical and Numerical Investigations on Wave Run-Up and Dissipation under Breakwater with Fence Revetment

Revetment elements and protective facilities on a breakwater can effectively weaken the impact of waves. In order to resist storm surges, there is a plan to build a breakwater on the northern shore of Meizhou Bay in Putian City, China. To better design it, considering different environmental conditions, physical and numerical experiments were carried out to accurately study the effects of the breakwater and its auxiliary structures on wave propagation. In the experiments, the influence of the wave type, initial water depth, and the structure of the fence plate are considered. The wave run-up and dissipation, the wave overtopping volume, and the structure stability are analyzed. The results indicate that the breakwater can effectively resist the wave impact, reduce the wave run-up and overtopping, and protect the rear buildings. In addition, under the same still water depth and significant wave height, the amount of overtopped water under regular waves is larger than that under irregular waves. With the increase of the still water depth and significant wave height, the overtopped water increases, which means that when the storm surge occurs, damage on the breakwater under the high tide level is greater than that under the low tide level. Besides, the fence plate can effectively dissipate energy and reduce the overtopping volume by generating eddy current in the cavity. Considering the stability and the energy dissipation capacity of the fence plate, it is suggested that a gap ratio of 50% is reasonable.

Research on the Integrated Development of Putian City's Characteristic Basketball Culture and College Sports

Research on the Integrated Development of Putian City's Characteristic Basketball Culture and College Sports