Push-out Bond Strength Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of the Push-Out Bond Strength of Root-End Filling Materials by Using Different Condensation Methods

Comparative Evaluation of the Push-Out Bond Strength of Root-End Filling Materials by Using Different Condensation Methods

Effect of Er:YAG laser irrigation with different etching modes on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to the root dentine

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser irrigation on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to the root dentine. Sixty extracted human mandibular first premolars were collected and decoronated. The residual roots received endodontic treatment. The treated roots were randomly divided into three groups according to different irrigation protocols: group LAI (Er:YAG laser–activated irrigation), group PUI (passive ultrasonic irrigation, positive control), and group CSI (conventional syringe irrigation, negative control) (n = 20). Each group was divided into two subgroups, either total-etching modes or self-etching modes (n = 10). After fiber post restoration, all roots were sectioned into seven 1.0-mm-thick slices. The slices received a push-out test by a universal test machine. The resin tag on the segments’ bonding interfaces was observed by scanning electron microscope. There were significant differences in the effects of the irrigation method, bonding modes, and root regions on the push-out bond strength among the groups (p < 0.05). The specimens with Er:YAG laser–activated irrigation and self-etching mode showed significantly the highest bonding strength (p < 0.001). The lengths and densities of resin tags in group PUI or group LAI with self-etching modes were longer than those in group CSI with total-etching modes. The laser-activated irrigation with self-etching modes improved the bond strength of fiber post to root dentine compared to the passive ultrasonic irrigation or conventional syringe irrigation with total or self-etching modes.

Radicular canal disinfection using photodynamic therapy and sodium hypochlorite following three chelating agents’ green tea extract, grape extract, and EDTA on the push-out bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer

AimTo appraise the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and conventional regime (NaOCl) following three chelating agents ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Green tea extract (GTE), grape extract (GE) on pushout bond strength (PBS) of epoxy resin-based sealer with root dentin. Material and methods60 single-rooted human teeth were prepped using a ProTaper system and cleansed using photodynamic therapy (PDT) and 5% NaOCl (n = 30 each). Samples in each group PDT and 5% NaOCl were further divided into 6 sub-group (n = 10) based on the chelating agents used: 17% EDTA, GTE, and GE. Gutta-percha and AH Plus were used to obturate the canals. The push-out test was used to determine bond strength, and ANOVA was used to conduct statistical analysis while failure patterns were classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. The Chi-squared test was used to examine the different failure modes at a significance level of 0.05. ResultsNaOCl disinfection, when applied with naturally derived reducing agents (17% EDTA, GTE, and GE) demonstrated significantly higher PBS compared to PDT when used with chelating agents (17% EDTA, GTE, and GE) (p < 0.05). The most predominant failure mode was an adhesive failure when root dentin was disinfected with PDT while NaOCl treatment showed a high percentage of cohesive failure. ConclusionRadicular canal disinfection with sodium hypochlorite following three chelating agents (Green tea extract, Grape extract, and Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) exhibited better push-out bond strength bonded to radicular dentin with epoxy resin-based sealer.

Push-out Bond Strength of Two Fiber Posts in Composite Resin Using Different Types of Silanization.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and thermocycling (TC) on the push-out bond strength of two brands of glass fiber posts (GFPs) to composite resin. White Post DC (WP) (FGM Dental Group International, Joinville, Santa Catarina, BR) and Exacto (EC) (Angelus, Clinical Research Dental, Londrina, PR, Brazil). GFPs were cleaned with 70% alcohol and divided into five groups, according to the surface treatment (n=15): control (C), without treatment; prehydrolyzed silane (S-pre) (Prosil, FGM Dental Group International); 37% phosphoric acid + prehydrolyzed silane (AcS-pre); Scotchbond Universal Adhesive System (AdU), 3M Oral Care; two-bottle silane (S2B) (Dentsply Sirona Inc). The composite resin was inserted around the posts by using a split matrix. The samples were cut into 1-mm slices. Half of the samples were subjected to the push-out test immediately, and the other half underwent TC before the test. After failure analysis, the data were submitted to three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α=0.05). EC achieved higher bond strength than WP, regardless of TC (p<0.05). Regarding WP, surface treatments (p<0.001) and TC (p<0.001) influenced bonding strength. As for EC without TC, the highest bond strength (p<0.05) was found for C, then AcSpre, S-pre, AdU, and S2B. Application of TC resulted in a statistically higher bond strength values for the EC AcS-pre group (p<0.05), followed by S2B, S-pre, C, and AdU. The WP failures were predominantly cohesive, similar to the EC AdU and EC S2B groups. The other EC groups showed mostly mixed failures. Surface treatment and TC affected the bond strength to composite resin, depending on which post was used. It is important for dentists to understand the effects of different types of silanization on their chosen post.

Glass fiber posts relining: can composite opacity influence retention to root canal dentin?

This study aimed at evaluating the influence of glass-fiber post (GFP) relining with composites of different opacities on resin cement layer thickness (CLT), bond strength (BS) to root dentin, and resin cement degree of conversion (DC%). Standardized roots of 52 bovine incisors had their canals prepared and were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10 for CLT and BS; n = 3 for DC%) according to the post used: WP3 (Control)-Whitepost DC3; groups DE, EN and TR-Whitepost DC0.5 relined, respectively, with dentin, enamel, and translucent shade composites. After cementation, specimens were sectioned into six 1.0mm-thick discs that were submitted to push-out BS test. CLT and failure pattern were evaluated using a stereomicroscope and DC% by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). The control group showed greater CLT than all relined groups (p < 0.05), which did not differ from each other (p > 0.05). Groups relined with low opacity composites (TR; EN) showed the highest BS and DC% means (p < 0.05). BS was not different among root thirds (p > 0.05), while DC% decreased from cervical to apical third (p < 0.05). Adhesive failures between cement and dentin were predominant, except for group DE with frequent mixed failures. It could be concluded that composite opacity did not influence CLT, which was thinner when GFP were relined and that relining GFP with lower opacity composites led to higher BS and DC%.

Push-out bond strength of the calcium silicate-based endodontic cements in the presence of blood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

ObjectivesThe push‐out bond strength (POBS) of calcium silicate‐based cements (CSCs) to the dentinal wall is considered one of the essential physical properties for clinical success. The presence of blood in the treatment area affects the POBS of these types of cement. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of blood contamination on the bond strength of CSCs and dentinal walls.Material and MethodsThis systematic review was performed by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE‐PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE) to include relevant in vitro studies published between 1992 and April 2020. Two reviewers independently evaluated the selected studies and extracted data on the type of studied CSCs, evaluated area of the teeth, sample size, the dimension of a prepared area, slice thickness, storage duration, the setting of the universal testing machine (UTM), effects of blood contamination on POBS of CSCs and their failure modes. The bond strength of evaluated CSCs in studies was used for network meta‐analysis.ResultsInitial searches identified 292 articles, while only 13 articles met the inclusion criteria. Full texts of these articles were evaluated, and data extraction was performed. The effect of blood contamination on bond strength to the dentinal wall was assessed in various CSCs such as PMTA, Biodentine, and AMTA. The network meta‐analysis results showed that the bond strength of Biodentine was significantly higher than other types of cement in blood presence (p < .05).ConclusionsBased on the current systematic review, despite controversies among the result of the different articles and the lack of data for some CSCs like bioaggregate, it could be concluded that the bond strength of Biodentine to the dentinal wall is better than other evaluated CSCs in the presence of blood.

Push-Out Bond Strength of EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and AH Plus Sealers after Using Three Different Irrigation Protocols.

The current study was designed to assess the bonding strength of EndoSeal MTA and AH Plus sealers after using three irrigation protocols as follows: (1) 17% Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, (2) 7% maleic acid, and (3) 37% phosphoric acid. Push-out bond strength was evaluated for 60 middle root slices of 1-mm thickness each. They were horizontally cut from freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth. A hole in the root canal was made using a carbide round bur of 1.1 mm in diameter in a middle third root slice. Specimens were dipped in 2.5% NaOCl, and then they were grouped into three groups; G1: 17% EDTA, G2: 7% maleic acid, and G3: 37% phosphoric acid as a final irrigant for 3 minutes. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the type of sealer, either EndoSeal MTA or AH Plus. After the full set of the sealer, the bond strength was evaluated with the push-out test by applying a force to each slice using a plunger with a 1-mm diameter. The one-way Tukey's post hoc test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and Student's t-test were utilized to gather data and statistically evaluate it. The irrigation protocol used exhibited significant influence on the bond strength of EndoSeal MTA and AH Plus sealers. AH Plus sealer subgroups showed the highest bond strength with 7% maleic acid, followed by 37% phosphoric acid, and 17% EDTA. While in the EndoSeal MTA sealer subgroups, the highest bond strength was shown with the 17% EDTA followed by 7% maleic acid and 37% phosphoric acid, respectively. The present study revealed that the type of the final irrigant significantly impacts the bond strength of the sealer used. The AH Plus sealer bond strength was improved by using the 7% maleic acid as a final irrigant. In contrast, the EndoSeal MTA sealer showed the best results with the 17% EDTA as a final irrigant.

Can Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Olive or Black Mulberry Substitute Sodium Hypochlorite as a Root Canal Irrigant? An In Vitro Study

This study aimed to evaluate Olea europaea (olive) leaves and Morus nigra (black mulberry) leaves as potential natural alternatives to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) endodontic irrigant. Their antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and their effects on both root dentin microhardness and push-out bond strength of resin sealer/root dentin were assessed. Fifty-four extracted teeth were selected. Samples were grouped according to the irrigant used: group I (control): 2.5% NaOCl, group II: 8% ethanolic extract of Olea europaea, and group III: 2% ethanolic extract of Morus nigra. Antibacterial activity (n = 6) was evaluated after each canal was autoclaved, inoculated with E. faecalis, and incubated. Canals were sampled before and after chemicomechanical canal preparation with 2 mL of irrigant. The colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted at 1/10 and 1/100 broth concentrations. Vickers hardness number (VHN) of root dentin (n = 6) was measured before and after root canal preparation and irrigation. Push-out bond strength testing (n = 9) was carried out following preparation, irrigation, obturation, and thermocycling. Results were considered statistically significant at p ≤0.05. Following irrigation, the CFUs of E. faecalis were significantly reduced with no significant difference in the CFU count between all groups at both broth concentrations. A significant reduction in root dentin microhardness resulted in all groups following irrigation, with Morus nigra resulting in the lowest percentage reduction (26.42 ± 1.12). The lowest significant mean push-out bond strength was revealed in the Olea europaea group (3.372 ± 1.513 MPa). The use of 2% mulberry (Morus nigra) leaf extract and 8% olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract as alternatives to NaOCl provides promising antimicrobial action against E. faecalis. 2% Morus nigra extract may represent a promising natural endodontic irrigant.

Radicular canal disinfection using photon-induced photoacoustic streaming and riboflavin photosensitizer to silver diamine fluoride and diode laser bonded to fiber post: An assessment of extrusion bond strength

AimThe present study aimed to estimate and compare the effectiveness of different innovative canal cleansing approaches photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) Riboflavin Photosensitizer (RF), Diode Laser, and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on push out bond strength (PBS) of fiber post cemented to radicular dentin Material and methodsForty extracted premolars were disinfected and decoronated up to the cement-o-enamel junction. Canals of all specimens were cleaned and shaped utilizing a reciprocating system. Post space was created by employing peso-reamers and samples were randomized into four groups based on methods of disinfection (n = 10). Group 1 (PIPS), group 2 (Diode Laser), group 3 (RP), and group 4 (SDF) canal disinfection. Fiber posts were cemented via Self etch resin cement (SERC) in a radicular dentin post space area and root was segmented at three levels (coronal, middle and apical). PBS analysis was performed, and a stereomicroscope was used to assess the failure mode. The means and standard deviations of PBS among studied groups were measured using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after exposure. The means of bonding strength were compared by Tukey multiple comparison tests (p > 0.05). ResultsRF had the highest PBS at all three root levels, coronal (8.31 ± 0.64 MPa), middle (8.13 ± 0.11 MPa) and apical (5.68 ± 0.54 MPa) while group 4 SDF samples showed lowest PBS at all root portions, coronal (6.14 ± 0.78 MPa), middle (5.18 ± 0.15 MPa) and apical (3.15 ± 0.19 MPa), respectively. Intergroup comparison unveiled comparable PBS at all three root levels for group 1 (PIPS) and group 3 RF (p > 0.05). Intragroup comparison displayed a significant decline in PBS values from coronal, middle to the apical direction in all studied groups ConclusionDisinfection of radicular dentin with Riboflavin Photosensitizer and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming bonded to fiber post have the greatest PBS at all three levels cervical, middle and apical.

Comparative Evaluation Of Push Out Bond Strength Of Endosequence Bc Sealer As Against Mta Plus Sealers When Used With Different Obturation Techniques

New technologies have led to the concept of recent bioactive dental materials, which makes the majority of today’s dentists to produce substantial endodontic results. The introduction of advanced material science made tremendous changes in the dental practice. Aim and Objectives : Aim of this study was to assess and compare the push-out bond strength of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM putty), White Mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and Biodentine after incubation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 7 days, 30 days and 45 days. Materials and methods : 90 extracted single rooted human premolar teeth were used in this study. To avoid the desiccation of teeth after extraction, the teeth were kept in hydrogen peroxide solution and washed under tap water. Then the teeth were cleaned with pumice and stored in normal saline at 37˚C until use. The middle 1/3rd portion of each root was sectioned at right angle to the long axis to produce discs of 2.00 ± 0.05 mm thickness using a diamond disc with continuous water irrigation. Finally, 90 root slices were produced. The specimens were dipped in 17% EDTA for 3 min followed by 3 % NaOCl for the same period of time and then rinsed with distilled water and dried. The specimens were divided randomly into 3 groups: Group I- ERRM, Group II - White MTA, Group III- Biodentine. PBS solution was changed every 5 days to replenish the buffering capacity of the PBS. All specimens were incubated at 37ºC. After the completion of experiments, the specimens were sent to the push-out test. Analysis of data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics both. The software SPSS 17.0, EPI_INFO 6.0 version and Graph Pad Prism 5.0 version was used and p&lt;0.05 is considered as level of significance. Result and conclusion : Highest push out bond strength was seen with ERRM at all incubation times followed by mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine .It has been observed that increase in the incubation time had increased push-out bond strength of the material significantly.

Light Transmission of Various Aesthetic Posts at Different Depths and Its Effect on Push-Out Bond Strength, Microhardness of Luting Cement.

Background and Objectives: One requirement for the cemented post is the light transmittance on its entire length up to the deepest portion of a root canal to ensure the complete polymerization of resin cement. This study aimed to determine the light transmission ability in different aesthetic posts at different depths and its effect on the push-out bond strength and microhardness of luting cement at the corresponding interface. Materials and Methods: Twenty endodontic posts from glass fiber posts (GFP), zirconia ceramic posts (ZCP), and highly translucent zirconium oxide posts (HTZP) were sequentially sectioned into 12.8 and 4 mm lengths after recording the light intensity using a dental radiometer. Sixty single rooted premolar teeth root canals were treated and implanted vertically in a resin block. The post space was prepared and cemented with GFP, ZCP, and HTZP posts with twenty samples each. The root portion of teeth samples were sectioned into cervical, middle, and apical portion. A universal testing machine was utilized for the push-out bond strength test for the first ten samples from each group. The remaining ten samples from each group were used for the microhardness test using a micro-indenter instrument. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests at p < 0.05. Results: The GFP endodontic postpresented with significant highest light translucency compared to HTZP, which was significantly higher than ZCP. GFP posts showed significantly higher bond strength per unit area compared to ZCP at analogous cross sections. The hardness of luting cement was also significantly higher amongst all tested endodontic posts. Conclusions: GFP high light translucency enhanced the curing of the luting resin cement that resulted in harder cement and a stronger bond supported by hardness and push-out tests. These findings suggest that GFP is preferred to be used with light-cured luting cements for restoration of endodontically treated teeth.

Effect of 0.2% chitosan high molecule nanoparticle on the push-out bond strength of resin cement in post-restoration (An in-vitro study)

ABSTRACT Debonding between post and resin cement often occurs due to inadequate smear layer removal.Currently, the wide use of Chitosan as an alternative irrigating solution can remove the smear layer. This studyaimed to determine the effect of 0.2% chitosan high molecule nanoparticle (CHMN) on the push-out bond strength ofresin cement in post-restoration and types of adhesion failure using the different irrigating solutions. Endodontictreatment was performed on 24 mandibular premolars, which were divided into four groups, namely group 1: 0.2%CHMN, group 2: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and CHMN, group 3: 5.25% NaOCl and CHMN, group 4: 2.5%NaOCl and EDTA 17%. The final restoration was done using prefabricated glass fiber posts, and each sample wassliced into three segments transversally with a thickness of 2 mm. A push-out test was performed with a universaltesting machine, and failure modes were observed under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with a one-wayanalysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results showed a significant difference in pushoutbond strength of resin cement in post-restoration between all groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed nosignificant difference between types of adhesion failure. In conclusion, 0.2% CHMN affects the push-out bondstrength of resin cement in post-restoration regardless of or without a combination of NaOCl. However, there wereno effects on the types of adhesion failure. Keywords: bond strength, 0.2% chitosan solution, endodontic irrigation, fiber post

Dual-cured adhesive system improves adhesive properties of dentin cavities restored with a bulk-fill resin composite

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a dual-cured adhesive system on the in situ degree of conversion (DC), bond strength (BS) and failure mode (FM) of adhesive interfaces in dentin cavities restored with a bulk-fill resin composite. Methods: 4-mm-deep dentin cavities with a 3.1 C-factor were created in 68 bovine incisors (n = 17 per group). The lightcured (Scotchbond™ Universal) or the dual-cured (Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-purpose Plus) adhesive system was applied to the cavities, which were then restored with a bulkfill resin composite (Filtek™ Bulk Fill). In situ DC analysis was performed by means of micro Raman spectroscopy at the top and bottom interfaces. Push-out BS was measured in a universal testing machine after 24-h or 6-month water storage. FM was determined with a stereomicroscope. Data of in situ DC and BS were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (p&lt;0.05), while the FM was analyzed descriptively. Results: The groups that received the dual-cured adhesive system showed statistically higher in situ DC and BS than those that received the light-cured adhesive system. Cohesive failure mode was the most frequent in all conditions. Conclusion: In situ DC and BS were influenced by the curing strategies of the adhesive systems with better performance of the dual-cured material.

Evaluation of antimicrobial action and push-out bond strength and compressive strength using mineral trioxide aggregate and triple antibiotic medicament combination as root-end filling material

Aim: The study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial properties and push-out bond and compressive strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with different ratios of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: Antimicrobial effect was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. Materials were divided into three groups. Group 1: MTA, Group 2: MTA + TAP (2:1 ratio), and Group 3: MTA + TAP (1:1 ratio) zone of inhibition were determined after 24 h of incubation at 37°C. To evaluate push-out bond strength, 30 extracted teeth were decoronated to a length of 13 mm, followed by root canal treatment, the root resected at 3 mm from the apex, and root-end cavity was prepared and filled. Cylindrical specimens (n = 10 per group) of size 3 mm × 6 mm were prepared of MTA, MTA plus triple antibiotic 2:1 and 1:1 ratio and tested for compressive strength using Instron Universal testing machine. All the data were statistically analysed using Krusal–Wallis test (P &lt; 0.05). Results: MTA + TAP (1:1 ratio) exhibited highest antimicrobial activity than MTA + TAP (2:1 ratio) and MTA alone. The push-out bond and compressive strength of Group 1 (MTA alone) was better compared to two groups containing MTA in combination with TAP; however, no statistical significant difference was found between the three groups. Conclusion: Combination of TAP with MTA increases the antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis without compromising much of the compressive and push-out bond strength, hence can be advocated for root-end filling.

Push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate with addition of titanium dioxide, silver, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles: An in vitro comparative study.

The ultimate goal of endodontic therapy is to eliminate all microorganisms present inside root canal and thereby sealing all the possible communicating pathways between pulpal and periradicular tissues, which prevents all the factors that cause recontamination and reinfection of the root canal system. If endodontic treatment fails, next approach is surgical endodontics. Bioceramics are recently introduced materials specifically designed for their potential use in medical field and dentistry. To evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by adding titanium dioxide (TiO2), silver, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Totally, 60 single-rooted human teeth were used. Middle third of the root was sectioned to obtain 2-mm thick root section. Acrylic was adapted to the section to obtain disks of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. Canal was prepared by GG Drill. Samples were divided into four groups of 15 each (n = 15): • Group I (control): MTA • Group II: MTA + TiO2 nanoparticles. • Group III: MTA + silver nanoparticles. • Group IV: MTA + silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The cement mixture was compacted into the canal. Samples were subjected to push-out bond strength using universal testing machine. The data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and post hoc comparison by Tukey's t-test. The highest push-out bond strength was shown by Group II (MTA with TiO2 nanoparticles), followed by Group III (MTA with silver nanoparticles) and Group I (MTA control group). The lowest push-out bond strength was shown by Group III (MTA with silicon dioxide nanoparticles). TiO2 and silver nanoparticles when added into MTA lead to an increase in push-out bond strength of MTA.

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), Nano-sized CH and Nano-sized TAP as Intracanal Medicament on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Root perforations are one of the common procedural errors faced in endodontic procedures. The ideal root repair material must be capable of bonding to the dentin. Calcium Hydroxide (CH) and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) are mostly used for root canal disinfection. Aim: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste, nano-sized calcium hydroxide and nano-sized triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicament on the push-out bond strength of biodentine. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur for a period of 1 month (March 2020). A total of fifty maxillary central incisors (n=50) were decoronated, instrumented with ProTaper rotary NiTi instrument followed by peesoreamers up to no.3, and were divided into five groups (n=10). Group I: CH, Group II: Nano calcium hydroxide, Group III: Triple antibiotic paste, Group IV: Nano triple antibiotic paste and Group V: Control group. The respective medicaments were mixed with propylene glycol and placed to the working length. After one week, medicaments were removed using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Later, samples were sectioned into slices of 2 mm thickness using hard tissue microtome, and biodentine root repair material was placed into lumen of the slices. All the samples were stored for one week at 37°C, then subjected to push-out bond strength test. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tuckey, Dunnets Post-hoc test (p-value &lt;0.05). Results: The highest push-out bond strength values were observed in the group IV (p-value &lt;0.001) and least in the control group. Biodentine showed significantly higher resistanceto displacement among the group II (p-value=0.431) and group IV (p-value=0.074) when compared with their conventional medicaments. Conclusion: Nano Triple Antibiotic Paste and Nano Calcium Hydroxide enhanced the push-out bond strength values of biodentine when compared to their conventional intracanal medicaments.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Herbal Irrigants on the Push-out Bond Strength of Epoxy Resin Based Sealer to Root Dentin: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: Favourable outcome of root canal treated teeth depends on the irrigants used, Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) is one of the most commonly used irrigants in endodontic treatment. NaOCl has cytotoxic effects; limited ability to eliminate bacteria, along with jeopardizing of the bond strength between epoxy resin-based sealers and root dentin. Contemporary medicine orchestrates the use of biological medical extract from natural plants. Herbal alternatives are coveted as they are readily available, less expensive, have enhanced shelf life and low toxicity. Despite that, literature is sparse regarding the effect of herbal irrigants on Push-out Bond Strength (PBS) of sealer to root dentin. Aim: To compare and assess the effect of the PBS of epoxy resin based root canal sealer to root dentin following the use of two novel herbal irrigants,10% proanthocyanidins (PAs) and 2% Azadirachta indica (neem extract) with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Conservative and Endodontics at KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India, between June 2019 and August 2019. The study was done on 30 extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth, of which root canals were prepared using rotary instruments. The use of standard susceptibility tests {Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)} was done to determine appropriate concentration of the irrigant against E. faecalis. The teeth samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each). Group 1 has teeth irrigated with 3% NaOCl (control group), Group 2 has teeth irrigated with 10% grape seed extract (10% proanthocyanidins) and Group 3 has teeth irrigated with 2% Neem leaf extract (2% Azadirachta indica). Obturation of all the three groups was done with F3 gutta percha and AH Plus sealer followed by push-out bond strength testing using universal testing machine. One way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post hoc tests were used for statistically analysing the data. The p-value&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Group 2 had significantly higher push-out bond strength as compared to Group 3 (p-value &lt;0.001). However, there was no significant difference seen between Group 2 and Group 1 (p-value= 0.207). Conclusion: It was concluded that the PBS of 10% Proanthocyanidins was the highest, followed by 3% NaOCl and Azadirachta indica. However, biocompatibility and safety of these novel intracanal irrigants has to be assessed with the help of further clinical and in-vitro experiments to validate these findings.

Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of AH-Plus, MTA-Fillapex and Epiphany SE root canal sealers: An Ex-Vivo study.

A successful root canal (RC) treatment depends upon creation of a fluid impervious seal that is commonly built by using a RC sealer along with gutta-percha. The bond strength of the RC sealer is a hallmark as it will minimize the risk of treatment failure by reducing the possibility of filling detachment from dentin. To evaluate and compare the push-out bond strength of AH-Plus and MTA-Fillapex with Gutta-Percha and Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system using the Universal Testing Machine. About 60 mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared apically with Hyflex CM files upto size #30. Out of total, 20 teeth were obturated with AH-Plus/GP (group 1), 20 with MTA-Fillapex/GP (group 2), and other 20 with Epiphany Self Etch/Resilon system (group 3). Teeth were sectioned into three slices of 2 mm each and were subjected to Universal Testing Machine. The data obtained were tabulated and statistically evaluated using SPSS version 21.0 statistical analysis software (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The mean push-out bond strength was highest for AH-Plus (14.32 MPa) followed by MTA-Fillapex (12.18 MPa) and then Epiphany SE (8.44 MPa). The results were statistically significant. Significantly, higher push out bond strength was displayed by AH-Plus sealer than MTA-Fillapex and least being Epiphany SE sealer. The push out bond strength was significantly highest at apical third and lowest at coronal third.

Role of phosphate-buffered saline on push-out bond strength of MTA Flow™ and Biodentine™ after acid challenge: An in vitro study.

Context:The physical and chemical properties of root repair materials are adversely affected when placed in areas of inflammation with acidic pH.Aim:To evaluate the role of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS– pH 7.4) on push-out bond strength (POBS) of MTA flow and Biodentine (BD) after acid challenge with butyric acid buffered solution (BABS– pH 5.4).Subjects and Methods:Eighty mid-root dentin slices (2 mm thick; 1.3 mm lumen diameter) were prepared and were divided into two groups (n = 40) based on the type of material used for filling lumen: Group 1-MTA Flow and Group 2-BD. Each group was again divided into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the duration of exposure to storage media: (a) 3 days in PBS, (b) 3 days in BABS, (c) 3 days in BABS followed by 30 days in PBS, and (d) 33 days in PBS. POBS was then measured using the universal strength testing machine.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc test using SPSS software version 23.0.Results:Group 1b and 2b showed significantly lower bond strength values. No significant difference was observed between Group 1b and Group 1c (P > 0.05), whereas highly significant POBS values were observed between Group 2b and Group 2c (P = 0.000). Among all the tested groups, Group 2d showed the highest POBS values.Conclusion:On storage in PBS after acid challenge, BD attained the highest POBS values while no significant difference was observed in MTA Flow.

Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of three retrograde filling materials in teeth with root apices resected at 90°: Mineral trioxide aggregate Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement.

Surgical endodontic dissatisfaction is frequently caused by an inadequate seal at the apex. The retrograde filling material utilized should prevent any contaminants from seeping into the periradicular tissue. (1) To evaluate push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Zirconomer, and Bioactive bone cement as root-end filling material, (2) To compare push-out bond strength of three different retrograde filling materials with a universal testing machine. At the cementoenamel junction, 36 removed upper anterior teeth were sliced horizontally. The samples were resected 3 mm at the apical end at a 90° angle along the long axis of the tooth, following the standard protocols. With an ultrasonic tip S12 90ND, a 3 mm root-end cavity was made. The teeth were then divided into three groups at random: Group 1: MTA Angelus, Group 2: Zirconomer, and Group 3: Bioactive bone cement. With the help of small pluggers, each material was compacted in the root-end cavity. Acrylic resin was used to embed the specimens. Each specimen's apical section was sliced into 2-mm thick slices perpendicular to the long axis. A universal testing equipment was used to apply a compressive push-out load, and the push-out bond strength was determined in megapascals. Zirconomer showed higher push-out bond strength when placed in the retrograde cavity preparation, followed by MTA Angelus and then Bioactive bone cement. Zirconomer showed superior resistance to dislodgment when compared to MTA Angelus, followed by Bioactive bone cement.