Pursuit Of Livelihood Research Articles

Separation between spouses for absence in Islamic jurisprudence and laws of GCC countries A comparative jurisprudence study

The issue of spouse separation due to the husband's absence is a topic deserving research due to its significant impact on people's lives, particularly in their pursuit of livelihood and the consequent separation from their families and homelands. This issue is also relevant to circumstances involving forced separations due to public calamities or legal systems in some countries. The primary objective of this research is to shed light on the perspectives of faqihs (jurists) regarding this matter and to elucidate the regulations governing personal status in the Arab Gulf States. The study commences with an introductory section, followed by the definition of absence and disagreements, along with an examination of their justifications for the legal separation of spouses. It also delves into the types of divisions that may result from such separations. Furthermore, the study outlines the provisions incorporated within the personal status laws of the Gulf States. In conclusion, the research encapsulates its key findings and recommendations. One of the noteworthy recommendations involves conducting a review of personal status laws in light of recent developments. Additionally, it is advised to consider extending the duration of allowable husband's absence when estimating separation length.

The Relationship between Literati Livelihoods and the Development of Novels and Operas in the Canal Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Abstract Along the Grand Canal and in adjacent areas, where the pursuit of livelihoods among literati was most concentrated and visible, were important centers for the creation and dissemination of Ming and Qing dynasty novels and operas. To a large extent, the pursuit of livelihoods among literati brought about the birth of a large number of literary works, particularly Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty novels and operas. On the one hand, literati earned a wage through their livelihoods, improved their living environments, and laid a certain economic backdrop for later Ming and Qing novels and operas; on the other hand, through reader acceptance and market feedback, the literati put forward requirements for literary creation that closely aligned with readers and the market, and to a certain degree brought about changes in the subject matter and artistry of novels and operas. It can be said that the fertile Jiangnan region and the Grand Canal gave birth to literary and artistic giants and works that have been passed down through the centuries. The present article is an analysis of the relationship between literati livelihoods and the development of Ming and Qing novels and operas in the Grand Canal region.

Contribution of the informal sector towards sustainable livelihoods: evidence from Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town

PurposeThis study aims to investigates the contribution of the informal sector towards secure livelihoods. Using a case study design, the study focusses on Mandela park, situated in Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town, in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Khayelitsha is predominantly an old township established by the apartheid government using unjust segregation laws to foster spatial planning that isolated people of colour in areas with insufficient infrastructure and informal economic activities. Therefore, informal trading became a survival strategy in Khayelitsha, attracting an increasing number of informal traders in public spaces within the township in pursuit of livelihoods. Informal activities are generally conducted to generate income and secure sustainable livelihoods.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative research design, incorporating structured interviews instrumental in data collection and in-depth thematic analysis.FindingsThe study findings reveal that the informal sector positively contributes to the sustainable livelihoods of those involved in the informal sector and the relatives of those through income generation, family support, wealth creation, source of employment, business incubation and innovation and creativity.Originality/valueThe study concludes that given the increasing unemployment rate in South Africa, caused by the stagnant economic growth rate, policymakers should rethink their policies on the informal economy, acknowledge the sector's relevance and support the sector.

Effects of Extreme Flooding of Lake Baringo on Livelihoods of Communities Lining around the Lake

Floods are among the natural disasters that often impact society. Floods tend to be more short lived but more disastrous. Between 2012 and 2014, Lake Baringo experienced unprecedented increases in their water levels, resulting in calamitous flooding that has inundated entire villages. A study was conducted to establish among others the impacts of this flooding on livestock, health and livelihoods. This paper discusses the effects of extreme flooding of Lake Baringo on livelihoods of communities living around the lake. The data was collected qualitatively from key informants. The data was analysed thematically and presented qualitatively. The paper argues that extreme flooding had adverse effects on livelihoods as farmlands and grazing pasture land were inundated. Families and households were displaced further breaking not just their pursuit of livelihoods but also social networks. Businesses, including tourist and fisheries as well as value chains were impaired thus leading to challenges in sustaining lives and livelihoods. While adaptation is an important way forward, early warning mechanisms would need to be put in place to ensure safeguards to livelihoods.

Exploring the Unique Aspects of the Northern Social Economy of Food through a Complexity Lens

First published advance online December 16, 2019This article explores our observations on the ways that a social economy of food emerges out of context and place in Northwestern Ontario. We use a theoretical approach that draws on concepts from complexity science to better understand how the diversity inherent in context and place enables the unique social, ecological, and economic features of four case study initiatives. Our analysis of these social economy of food case studies reveals areas where the social economy appears to function differently in Northwestern Ontario, and this divergence from the literature is the focus of the article. We suggest three unique processes: first, a blending of social and capitalist economies; second, limitations of the capitalist economy in this northern setting; and third, the impact of connections with the unique landscape of Northwestern Ontario. We see people in pursuit of livelihood and well-being who are connecting and interacting as complex systems, thereby adapting dynamically through feedback loops to their total ecosystem (social/economic and biophysical), and producing diverse economic and social benefits. The resulting diversity and innovation build well-being, adaptation, and resilience in Northwestern Ontario communities as local food initiatives are strengthened.

English

The study aims to explore the major roles women play in livelihood security among Ethiopian Somali Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in selected two districts.  Even though the study is more of qualitative, quantitative method was also employed to some extent to gather information that couldn’t be captured via qualitative research method.  A total of 722 women were sampled and participated on household survey by probability sampling technique. According to the findings of the study, women in both social settings, in addition to reproductive roles, largely participate on productive works especially in livestock production.  Apparently, most of the tasks related to production of small ruminants, which are the largest in number and main source of income in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, are the major activities of women. In both settings, the role of women in crop production is appeared to be minimal (confined to feeding of those who work on farm) due to cultural outlook that sees women as weaker as compared with men. Petty trading of wide range of commodities including livestock and livestock product is the major supplementary activity that enables the diversification of livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral women. There exists huge variability in terms of pattern of expenditure along gender line. In agro-pastoral areas, women spend 93.5% of their individually generated income on purchase of households’ food items and the remaining 5.8% on other necessities such as children’s health while men spend 44.9% of their individual income on households’ consumption, 50.5% on personal needs, and spend only 3.7% of their incomes on children’s clothing. A number of problems which obstruct women’s pursuit of livelihood are identified by this study.   Key words: Livelihood security, women, livelihoods. &nbsp

Making the ‘handmade’ bike and trying to make a living: market objects, field-configuring events and some limits to market making

ABSTRACTIn line with growing interest in craft and maker economies, I examine the resurgence of handmade bicycle fabricators (“framebuilders”) in the U.S. since the early 2000s. I provide an account of one of the driving elements of this framebuilding renaissance, the North American Handmade Bicycle Show, considered as a “field-configuring event” through – and around – which forms of market-making and market object stabilization processes were achieved. I focus in particular on the way in which the “handmade bike” as a market object was stabilized and defined. Expanding on the “markets as practice” literature, I take up a larger concern with how these market-making and field-configuring dynamics connect to the material position of those within the field and their pursuit of livelihood. I find that, paradoxically, the particular successful stabilization of the “handmade” bicycle achieved around the show was difficult to sustain as a business model for many framebuilders.

Process Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Support Psychotherapy for Depression Treatment Among People with HIV/AIDS in Northern Uganda

We describe the process evaluation for a randomized controlled trial that compared group support psychotherapy (GSP) with group HIV education for treatment of depression among people with HIV. Process data were obtained using mixed methods. Variables evaluated were indicators of feasibility and acceptability; causal mediating processes and contextual influences. GSP was feasible and acceptable. Potential mediating variables between GSP and reduction of depression were improved emotional and social support, better coping strategies, and pursuit of livelihoods. Culturally sensitive intervention content facilitated intervention delivery. These data complement the trial outcomes, and may provide a contextualized description of how GSP treats depression.

Pastoralist adaptation practices under non-governmental development interventions in Southern Ethiopia

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have been playing important roles in facilitating pastoralist adaptation; however, focussed studies have yet to examine whether and how NGO interventions generate viable opportunities for adaptation and development in pastoral communities. This paper analyses how Boran pastoralists cope with various socio-environmental risks under NGO interventions in southern Ethiopia. We find that pastoralist adaptation practices under NGO development interventions enhanced diversification, communal pooling, storage, and market access, but compromised mobility. Changes in pastoralists’ pursuit of livelihoods facilitated alternative adaptation, but such changes risked exacerbating rangeland degradation, reinforcing dependence on external aid, and weakening indigenous institutions. We thus conclude by arguing for more conscious interventions that can mitigate risks without negatively influencing the wellbeing of human subjects and ecosystems.

Citizenship Beyond the State: Thinking with Early Modern Citizenship in the Contemporary World

In our introduction, we pose some of the broader questions raised by the interdisciplinary and inter-period work of our contributors, while also drawing upon our own research on early modern London and contemporary Mexico. We argue that elements of the early-modern tradition of urban citizenship have indeed survived alongside national citizenship, at least in certain contexts. Beyond that, we argue that early modern citizenship also helps to set in relief the scalar, emancipatory vision of nineteenth- and twentieth-century national-territorial projects; that it helps to think about keeping a distance from nation-states and transnational institutions while still partaking of them; that it draws our attention to the complexities of inclusion and exclusion in contemporary citizenship; and that it helps us think beyond the narrowly-defined “rights” of national citizenship to include the freedom that is entailed in the pursuit of livelihoods.

Livelihoods in Conflict: The Pursuit of Livelihoods by Refugees and the Impact on the Human Security of Host Communities

This paper explores how long–term refugees pursue livelihoods, the impact this pursuit has on the human security of conflict–affected communities, and the ways in which international assistance can help. Refugees’ pursuit of livelihoods can increase human security because economic activities help to recreate social and economic interdependence within and between communities, and can restore social networks based on the exchange of labour, assets and food. When refugees are allowed to gain access to resources and freedom of movement, and can work alongside their hosts to pursue productive lives, they would be less dependent on aid and better able to overcome the sources of tension and conflict in their host communities.The paper identifies how humanitarian programmes working with national governments can increase economic security and shore up the respective rights of both refugees and their host communities. Today, relief interventions are no longer expected solely to save lives in the short term, but also to lay the foundation for future development and to promote conflict resolution.