Pursuit Of Distinction Research Articles

Pursuit and saccadic eye movement subregions in human frontal eye field: a high-resolution fMRI investigation.

Recent positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have localized the frontal eye field (FEF) to the precentral sulcus (PCS). In macaque monkeys, low-threshold microstimulation and single unit recording studies have located a saccadic subregion of FEF in a restricted area along the anterior wall of the arcuate sulcus and a pursuit subregion located deeper in the sulcus close to the fundus. The functional organization and anatomical location of these two FEF subregions are still to be defined in humans. In the present study, we used fMRI with high spatial resolution image acquisition at 3.0 Tesla to map the saccade- and pursuit-related areas of FEF within the two walls of the PCS in 11 subjects. We localized the saccade-related area to the upper portion of the anterior wall of the precentral sulcus and the pursuit-related area to a deeper region along the anterior wall, extending in some subjects to the fundus or deep posterior wall. These findings localize distinct pursuit and saccadic subregions of FEF in humans and demonstrate a high degree of homology in the organization of these FEF subregions in the human and the macaque monkey.

Bourdieu, Smith and Disinterested Judgement

The paper presents a sympathetic critique of Bourdieu's work in terms of the tension between its critical intentions and its leanings towards sociological reductionism. Although Bourdieu argues against such reductionism in his methodological pronouncements, his empirical studies tend to reduce actors' putative disinterested judgements to functions of their habitus in relation to the social field and to unconscious strategies of distinction. Further, his concept of (non-monetary) forms of capital occludes the difference between use-value and exchange-value and the corresponding distinction between the pursuit of goods and the pursuit of distinction, which are vital for both explanation and critique. Moreover his suspicion of normative judgement on the part of social science and his concealment of his own normative standpoint subvert his critiques. Thus in relation to Bourdieu's analysis of the role of mis-recognition in social life I argue that this requires a delineation of the extent of justified recognition. In developing the argument I draw upon Adam Smith's analysis of moral sentiments and his critique of undeserved recognition and the pursuit of distinction. Where Bourdieu is dismissive about moral issues, Smith treats moral sentiments as irreducible to interest or instrumental action and as a significant element in the reproduction of social order. The paper concludes with some implications for the nature of critique in social theory.

Opinion et public dans les Considérations sur les mœurs de Duclos

Carole Dornier : Opinion and public in Duclos's Considérations sur les mœurs de ce siècle. In his Considérations sur les mœurs de ce siècle (1751), Duclos accords to public opinion a function of justice alongside positive laws and individual conscience. The fear of public judgement, which is the outcome of a process of civilisation characterising polite nations, is a form of self-censorship of behaviour which furthers sociability and serves the general interest. Opposed to this optimis¬ tic conception of public judgement, the author condemns the spirit of coteries and cabals, the tyranny of fashion and the fear of ridicule, which are remnants of a court-centred society encouraging an aristocratic minority's pursuit of distinction and social prestige. Public opinion can undermine the voluntary servitude of misplaced respect and become a social force tending towards the happiness of the greatest number.

Archeology and the Ethno-Tyrannies

American AnthropologistVolume 92, Issue 4 p. 1011-1013 Archeology and the Ethno-Tyrannies Morgan D. Maclachlan, Morgan D. Maclachlan Department of Anthropology University of South CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam F. Keegan, William F. Keegan Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida, GainesvilleSearch for more papers by this author Morgan D. Maclachlan, Morgan D. Maclachlan Department of Anthropology University of South CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorWilliam F. Keegan, William F. Keegan Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida, GainesvilleSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1990 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1990.92.4.02a00100Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume92, Issue4December 1990Pages 1011-1013 RelatedInformation