Pursed Lip Breathing Research Articles

Post-Lung Transplant - Exercise Guidelines

Apply It! • Know clients' medications, timing, and adverse effects • Strengthening exercises — lower body and upper body • Aerobic activity — begin with walking, progress gradually, include stairclimbing • Breathing exercises — pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic or belly breathing, and paced breathing • Balance and postural exercises

Effects of Pursed Lip Breathing with Arm Ergometry after Chin Support Position in Copd Patients

Background: COPD is the 4th leading cause of mortality around the globe and is expected to be the 3rdleading cause of mortality by 2020. It is a life limiting condition with symptoms of distress such as dyspnea, fatigue, pain and depression as it reaches the terminal stage. The condition decreases the pulmonary function values and QoL. Aerobic training and breathing maneuvers are essential components of pulmonary rehab improving pulmonary function values and QoL. Objective: To find out the effects of pursed lip breathing with arm ergometry after chin support position on respiratory parameters, spirometry tests and quality of life in patients of COPD.. Methods: It was a Randomized control Trial conducted on mild to moderate stage COPD patients. Purposive sampling was used to gain the study sample and then allocated randomly into two groups by coin toss method. The sample size calculated was 74 with 37 subjects in control group and 37 subjects in interventional group. It was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Spirometer Testing (FEV1,FVC,PEF), HR,SPO2, RR, BORG dyspnea scale and CAT questionnaire were used as outcome measures to measure breathlessness and QoL respectively. Results: Mann-Whitney U test was used between the two groups to measure the effect of the two interventions. There was significant difference between group results (p-value<0.05) were found post-intervention for HR, FEV1, FVC, PEF, BORG score and CAT score. Freidmann test was used for within group analysis and reported significant results (p-value >0.05) for RR, oxygen saturation along with significant BORG and CAT results. Conclusion: It was concluded that there were significant effects of pursed lip breathing with arm ergometry after chin support position on respiratory parameters, spirometry tests and QoL in patients with COPD. Keywords: Chin Support Position, Arm Ergometry, Oxygen Saturation.

Decreasing degrees of dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients through combination of breathing exercises and relaxation

Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is a common symptom that accompanies patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Management of dyspnea in patients with COPD is not only using pharmacological therapy but also non-pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy for patients with COPD covers three main aspects: breath, mind, and functional processing. Along with the development of complementary therapy in nursing science, nursing interventions that can be done at home begin to be in great demand because of their low cost and time effectiveness. One of the interventions is providing breathing exercises and relaxation for patients with COPD to reduce the dyspnea complaints, increase the strength of breathing muscles and prevent the hospital re-admission due to acute exacerbation. This study aimed to see the effectiveness of the combination of Pursed Lip Breathing (PLB) and Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on the degree of dyspnea. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pre and post-test design approach with 20 respondents in each group. The results showed significant differences in the degree of dyspnea after the combination of PLB and PMR (p < 0.05). The results from this study recommend improving the development of complementary therapy programs in nursing education and services by modifying nursing care standards with the combinations of PLB and PMR for patients with COPD.

The effect of pursed-lips breathing and diaphragm exercises on the quality of life of COPD patient assessed by six-minutes walk test

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammation that causes a variety of pulmonary and systemic disorders. Pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercises are useful techniques for improving ventilation, reducing the degree of breathlessness, enhancing performance, and improving quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing exercise on the value of the 6-min walk test and to improve quality of life by SGRQ in stable COPD patients. Methods: This study was an experimental study using group control before and after examining 60 stable COPD patients at Dr. RSUD Lung Center. Zainoel Abidin from November 2019 to February 2020. Samples were extracted by systematic random sampling and divided into two groups. The intervention group received indacaterol bronchodilator therapy in addition to four weeks of apron and diaphragmatic breathing exercises. The control group received only indacaterol therapy. A 6-minute walk test was administered and a quality of life questionnaire was completed using the SGRQ. A t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed to assess differences between groups, level of significance p < 0.05). Results: There was a significant effect on the 6-minute walk test in the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.001). There was a significant effect in improving quality of life using the SGRQ questionnaire in the intervention group compared with the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant effect on the six-minute walking test in the intervention group compared to the control group. There was a significant effect on improving the quality of life using the SGRQ questionnaire in the intervention group compared to the control group.

The effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training in patients with COPD on the severity of dyspnea and life quality: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSevere dyspnea and poor quality of life are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The most important reason for this is wrong applications in inhaler treatment. In addition, inhaler treatments that support non-pharmacological methods increase the effectiveness of the drug. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breathing exercises and inhaler training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients on the severity of dyspnea and life quality.MethodsThe research was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 67 patients with COPD were included. The patients were randomized into two groups. Intervention group 1 were given pursed lip breathing exercise and inhaler training and Intervention group 2 were given only inhaler training. A follow-up after 4 weeks was carried out in both groups. Patient outcomes in both groups were assessed by a COPD assessment test (CAT), the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scale (SGRQ). This study followed the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled trials. In the data analysis, independent t, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Wilcoxon analysis, and Pearson chi-square tests were used.ResultsThe pursed lips exercise and inhaler drug use skills of patients in both groups increased (p<0.001). The median value of the CAT and mMRC scores were statistically significant for both groups (p<0.005). The mean of life quality scores of patients in both groups decreased, and this result was found to be statistically significant in all sub-dimensions and in the total scale score for both groups (p<0.001). Although the increase in the quality of life and the decrease in the severity of dyspnea of the patients in both groups were significant, neither group was superior to the other (p>0.05).ConclusionsAs a result of the study, it was found that the skill of using the inhaler and the life quality of the patients increased, and the severity of dyspnea decreased. Supporting inhaler treatments with non-pharmacological methods can increase drug efficacy and quality of life.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04739488. Registered on 21 Feb 2021.

The effect of breathing exercise on daytime sleepiness and fatigue among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

This study was conducted with randomized controlled and experimental design to examine the effect of breathing exercise on daytime sleepiness and fatigue on patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The first application was performed by teaching patients in the intervention group breathing exercises including diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing via the face-to-face interview technique. Then, the researcher applied breathing exercises in the same patient group every morning/evening for 10–15 min and a total of 20–30 min for eight weeks via the online interview method. The data were collected via a questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS). Chi-square, Student’s t, Mann Whitney U, paired sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and generalized estimating equations were used to assess the data. It was determined that PFS total mean score of the intervention group which was 6.15 ± 1.65 before the application decreased to 5.34 ± 1.94 in the eighth week (p > 0.05) and PFS total mean score of the control group which was 5.59 ± 1.76 before the application increased to 5.77 ± 1.81 in the eighth week (p > 0.05). ESS total mean score of the intervention group which was 12.13 ± 4.34 at the baseline decreased to 9.13 ± 4.71 in the eighth week (p > 0.05) and ESS total mean score of the control group which was 10.37 ± 2.77 at the baseline increased to 10.5 ± 2.85 in the eighth week (p > 0.05). It was concluded that breathing exercise performed in the intervention group decreased the fatigue and daytime sleepiness mean scores of the patients at the end of the fourth and eighth week. In addition, the group-time interaction was significant, which was associated with the intervention group.

Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises on the pulmonary function and walking endurance in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial

Background/Aims Neurological dysfunction from stroke affects not only the muscles of the extremities and trunk, but also the respiratory function, so it is important to improve the respiratory function of patients with stroke is recognised as an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing exercises on pulmonary function, chest expansion and walking endurance in older patients with chronic stroke. Methods The participants were 32 older patients with chronic stroke, randomly assigned to two groups. The study group (n=16) performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises in combination with pursed lip breathing exercises, while the control group (n=16) performed non-resistant cycle ergometer exercises. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1 to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test measurements were taken before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results The breathing exercise group exhibited a significant increase in chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test outcome measurements (P&lt;0.05). There was a significant difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow between the two groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions Diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises were effective in improving pulmonary function in older patients with chronic stroke.

Intensive Intervention Improves Outcomes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Medical Consortium-Based Management.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Strategies involving multidimensional approaches for the treatment of COPD are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of medical consortium-based management for COPD. Patients were grouped in accordance with whether the hospitals they went to were under the medical consortium. We enrolled 141 COPD patients in the management group and 147 COPD patients in the control group. There was no predetermined sex and disease severity inclusion or exclusion criteria. Patients in the control group were managed by standard care, while patients in the management group were managed with intensive medical intervention jointly by specialists in the hospital and general practitioners and healthcare workers in community health centers. There was no difference in the basal demographics between the two groups. The basal condition of the management group was worse than that of the control group, demonstrated by a higher CAT score and a lower pulmonary function index. Half-year intensive intervention decreased CAT score from 17.28 to 15.62 and the Barthel ADL index from 73 to 60 in the management group, which was associated with better pulmonary rehabilitation, pursed-lip breathing, oxygen usage, and medicine regularity. The benefits became more obvious after one-year intensive intervention in the management group. There was a difference in mMRC grades and smoking cessation between the two groups. This study shows that a one-year intensive intervention improves the patients' health status and pulmonary function, suggesting that our medical consortium-based management is effective in the treatment of COPD.

Cardiorespiratory and metabolic stresses during repeated pursed-lips breathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

IntroductionPursed-lip breathing (PLB) is a breathing exercise treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in the cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions during and after repeated volitional PLB and spontaneous breathing (SB) at rest in COPD patients.MethodsSixteen patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation participated in this crossover study in which the subjects in both the groups randomly received 10 repeated cycles of PLB and SB interventions. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables were collected at the baseline, throughout the 10 breathing cycles, and after a recovery period of 5 min.ResultsDuring PLB, the tidal volume (VT) increased progressively, whereas the breathing frequency (BF) decreased gradually throughout the 10 volitional PLB cycles (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). However, minute ventilation (V̇E), oxygen consumption (V̇O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), and carbon dioxide production (V̇CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) remained unchanged during PLB (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.05). The VT and BF peaks appeared during the 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; cycles, respectively, and then plateaued until the 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; breathing cycle. The heart rate (HR) while performing PLB slightly increased (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) from the 3rd to the 10&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; cycle compared to SB.ConclusionsDespite the clinical benefits of PLB in increasing the inspired volume and slowing the rate of breathing, this maneuver in COPD patients should be prescribed with an awareness of the risk of cardiac stress, especially the effect on the HR, as well as the respiratory limitations with repeated PLB. Practically, this study recommends limiting repeated PLB in COPD patients to seven breathing cycles.

Efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function, quality of life, and T cell immune function in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Pulmonary rehabilitation training is an important means of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, some people think that its effect is not satisfactory, and there is a lack of understanding of the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation training on T cell immune function. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation training on lung function, quality of life and T cell immune function in stable COPD patients. Seventy-two stable COPD patients recruited from the Outpatient department of Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and Wuxi Huishan Rehabilitation Hospital, and divided them into experimental group (39 cases) and control group (33 cases) by random number table method. Both groups were received routine drug therapy, COPD knowledge education, and smoking cessation treatment. On this basis, the experimental group received daily pulmonary rehabilitation training, including pursed-lip breathing (PLB) training, abdominal breathing training, skeletal muscle training, and coughing and expectoration training. Lung function [percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%) and the percentage of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%)], quality of life [6-minute walk test (6MWT), COPD assessment test (CAT score)], and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+%, CD4+%, CD8+%, and CD4+%/CD8+%) levels were compared by independent sample t-test or paired t-test between the 2 groups before and after 12 weeks of treatment in a double-blind method. There were no remarkable differences in lung function indexes, 6MWT, CAT score, and T cell immune function between the 2 groups before treatment. After 12 weeks, all indexes in the experimental group (all P<0.01) and T lymphocyte subsets in the control group (CD3+%, CD4+%, CD8+% and CD4+%/CD8+% were 0.010, 0.037, 0.021 and 0.016, respectively) were significantly better than before treatment, and there were no significant differences in lung function,6MWT, and CAT scores in the control group. After 12 weeks, all indexes in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group except CD8+% (FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, 6MWT, CAT score, CD3+%, CD4+% and CD4+%/CD8+% were 0.002, 0.009, <0.001, 0.007, 0.037, 0.046 and <0.001, respectively). Pulmonary rehabilitation training can improve the lung function, quality of life, and T cell immune function of stable-phase COPD patients. Perhaps the recovery of T-cell immune function is the root of the patient's improvement. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100048419.

Comparison of training pursed lip breathing and balloon blowing on the increasing of respiratory muscle strength, respiratory rate and the increasing of oxygen saturation in COPD at the Makassar community lung health center

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of lung disorders that affect air movement from and out of the lung, this can lead to hypoxemia and hypercapnia due to the occurrence of respiratory muscle weakness and obstruction. As the result, it will increase airflow resistance, pulmonary hyperinflation also ventilation and perfusion imbalances . One of the pulmonary non-pharmacological treatments that can be given to COPD patients includes the pursed lip breathing exercise (PLB) technique and blowing balloons. This rehabilitation exercise aims to improve lung function, prevent damage, and improve quality of life.Objective: To know the differences in pursed lip breathing exercises and balloon blowing in increasing the respiratory muscle strength, respiratory rate and increaseing the oxygen saturation in COPD patients.Method: This study was a Quasi-Experimental study, with pre-posttest design in two different comparison groups.Results: Increased breath muscle strength and significance difference on the third day after the intervention of balloon blowing (median = 5870) and PLB (median = 5830) obtained p value &lt;0.001, while the seventh day after the balloon blew intervention (median = 5980) and PLB ( median = 5880) Significant differences were obtained with a value of p &lt;0.001.

Effect of Pursed Lip Breathing on Physiological Cost Index and Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Pursed lip breathing (PLB) is known to improve oxygenation by controlled ventilation. In COPD, PLB is adopted as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the patency of airways by creating a back pressure in airways. Objective: To find the effectiveness of Pursed lip breathing (PLB) on Physiological cost index (PCI) and functional exercise capacity in patients having COPD. Study design: This experimental study was carried out with one group pre test - post test design. Procedure: Thirty patients aged above 45 years and diagnosed as having mild and moderate COPD (as per GOLD staging) were assessed for their PCI and functional exercise capacity by six- minute walk test after their informed written consent. They were given 30 minutes of PLB training for 5 consecutive days. The post-interventional PCI and functional exercise capacity were reassessed. Results: The pre and post-intervention data of outcome measures was statistically analyzed using paired-t test. The results showed significant improvement in PCI and the functional exercise capacity. Conclusion: Pursed lip breathing was found to be more effective in improving Physiological Cost Index and six-minute walk performance in patients with mild to moderate COPD. Hence, it has been suggested to train pursed lip breathing voluntarily at early stages of COPD before the patient adopts it as compensatory mechanism on advanced stages

Effect of Acupressure versus Pursed Lip Breathing Intervention on Dyspnea and Pulmonary Function among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Effect of Acupressure versus Pursed Lip Breathing Intervention on Dyspnea and Pulmonary Function among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Effect of pursed-lip breathing and forward trunk lean positions on regional chest wall volume and ventilatory pattern in older adults: An observational study.

Pursed-lip breathing (PLB) and forward trunk lean posture (FTLP) are commonly used to relieve dyspnea and improve ventilation in a rehabilitation program. However, their effect on chest wall volumes and movements in older adults without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has never been investigated. This observational study aimed to identify the effect of combined PLB and FTLP on total and regional chest wall volumes, ventilatory pattern, and thoracoabdominal movement using in older adults. It was hypothesized that the combined PLB with FTLP would result in the highest chest wall volumes among the experimental tasks. Twenty older adults performed 2 breathing patterns of quiet breathing (QB) and PLB during a seated upright (UP) position and FTLP. An optoelectronic plethysmography system was used to capture the chest wall movements during the 4 experimental tasks. Tidal volume (VT) was separated into pulmonary ribcage, abdominal ribcage, and abdomen volume. The changes in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) chest wall diameters at 3 levels were measured and used to identify chest wall mechanics to improve chest wall volumes. The PLB significantly improved ventilation and chest wall volumes than the QB (P < .05). VT of pulmonary ribcage, VT of abdominal ribcage, and VT were significantly higher during the PLB + UP (P < .05) and during the PLB + FTLP (P < .01) as compared to those of QB performed in similar body positions. However, there was no significant in total and regional lung volumes between the PLB + UP and the PLB + FTLP. The AP diameter changes at the angle of Louis and xiphoid levels were greater during the PLB + UP than the QB + UP and the QB + FTLP (P < .01). The AP diameter changes at the umbilical level and the ML diameter changes at the xiphoid level were significantly larger during the PLB + FTLP than the QB + FTLP and the QB + UP (P < .05). The ML diameter changes at the umbilical level were significantly greater during the PLB + FTLP than the QB + UP (P < .05). However, no significant difference in the relative regional chest wall volumes and phase angle among the experimental tasks (P > .05). In conclusion, a combined PLB performed in an FTLP or UP sitting could be used as a strategy to improve chest wall volumes and ventilation in older adults.

Characteristics of the deventilation syndrome in COPD patients treated with non-invasive ventilation: an explorative study

BackgroundNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a recommended treatment for COPD patients suffering from chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Prolonged dyspnea after mask removal in the morning, often referred to as deventilation syndrome, is a common side effect but has been poorly characterized yet. This study aimed to explore the pathomechanism, identify risk factors and possible treatment strategies for the deventilation syndrome.MethodsA prospective, controlled, non-blinded study was conducted. After a night with established NIV therapy, the patients underwent spirometry, blood gas analyses and 6-min walking tests (6MWT) directly, at 2 and 4 h after mask removal. Dyspnea was measured by the modified Borg scale. Bodyplethysmography and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires were used. Patients suffering from deventilation syndrome (defined as dyspnea of at least three points on the Borg scale after mask removal) were treated with non-invasive pursed lip breathing ventilation (PLBV) during the second night of the study.ResultsEleven of 31 patients included (35%) met the given criteria for a deventilation syndrome. They reported significantly more dyspnea on the Borg scale directly after mask removal (mean: 7.2 ± 1.0) compared to measurement after 2 h (4.8 ± 2.6; p = 0.003). Initially, mean inspiratory vital capacity was significantly reduced (VCmax: 46 ± 16%) compared to 2 h later (54 ± 15%; p = 0.002), while no changes in pulse oximetry or blood gas analysis were observed. Patients who suffered from a deventilation syndrome had a significantly higher mean airway resistance (Reff: 320 ± 88.5%) than the patients in the control group (253 ± 147%; p = 0.021). They also scored significantly lower on the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency Questionnaire (SRI; mean: 37.6 ± 10.1 vs 50.6 ± 16.7, p = 0.027). After one night of ventilation in PLBV mode, mean morning dyspnea decreased significantly to 5.6 ± 2.0 compared to 7.2 ± 1.0 after established treatment (p = 0.019) and mean inspiratory vital capacity increased from 44 ± 16.0% to 48 ± 16.3 (p = 0.040).ConclusionsThe deventilation syndrome is a serious side effect of NIV in COPD patients, characterized by increase of dyspnea. It is associated with decrease in vital capacity, exercise tolerance after mask removal and lower HRQoL. Patients with high airway resistance are at greater risk of suffering from morning dyspnea. Ventilation in PLBV mode may prevent or improve the deventilation syndrome.Trial registration: The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00016941) on 09 April 2019.

Differences in the Effect of the Combination of Home-Based Walking Exercise and Pursed Lip Breathing with Pranayama Exercise on Increasing Lung Capacity in COPD Conditions

Background: Data from the pulmonary disease polyclinic at Bangil Hospital showed an increase in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patient visits. In 2018 the number of COPD patients who visited the pulmonary disease clinic for the last 3 months was 219 COPD patients. COPD patients experience deficits in caring for themselves due to various symptoms that manifest as a manifestation of the development of COPD disease. This study aimed to determine the differences in the effect of the combination of home-based walking exercise and pursed lip breathing with pranayama exercise on increasing lung capacity in COPD conditions. Subjects and Method: The design of this study is a two-group pre and post-test design. As many as 8 respondents to the pursed lip breathing intervention and home-based walking exercise and 8 respondents to the pranayama exercise according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study compared the effect of walking exercises combined with pursed lip breathing and pranayama exercise on increasing lung vital capacity in COPD patients. The independent variable is lung capacity. The dependent variable is home-based walking exercise and pursed lip breathing This research was conducted once a week for 12 weeks in May-August 2021 at Dungus Madiun Lung Hospital. All categories were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney run on SPSS. Results: The results before being given the combination of pursed lip breathing and home-based exercises (Mean= 95.39; SD= 0.70) compared to after being given the combination of pursed lip breathing and home-based exercises (Mean= 98.08; SD= 1.23) and statistically significant p&lt;0.001 increases lung capacity in COPD conditions. The results before being given pranayama exercises (Mean= 95.83; SD= 0.71), after being given pranayama exercises (Mean= 97.54; SD= 0.81) and statistically significant p&lt;0.001 increased lung capacity in COPD conditions. score in the elderly was 32.57 (Mean= 32.57; SD= 4.49). Conclusion: There is an effect of giving a combination of home-based walking exercises and pursed lip breathing in increasing the lung capacity of COPD patients. There is an effect of providing pranayama exercise in increasing the lung capacity of COPD patients. Keywords: home-based walking exercise, pranayama exercise, pursed lip breathing, lung capacity Correspondence: Nurul Fithriati Haritsah. Department of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnic Surakarta, Ministry of Health. Jl. Letjend Sutoyo, Mojosongo, Jebres, Surakarta 57127, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: nurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.com. Indonesian Journal of Medicine (2022), 07(04): 439-448 https://doi.org/10.26911/theijmed.2022.07.04.09

A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness Of Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise on Reduction of Dyspnea Among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Selected Hospital in Panipat, Haryana

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressiveinflammatory disease characterized by chronic obstruction in the peripheral bronchus and pulmonary emphysema. The disease is disabling with symptoms such as chronic cough, phlegm, wheezing, shortness of breath and increased infections of the respiratory passage. Changes in the lungs result in mucus hyper secretion, dysfunction of the cilia, airflow limitation and hyper inflation of the lungs, gas exchange abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. Persons with COPD are greatly under estimated because the disease is usually not diagnosed until it is moderately advanced .Patients usually seek medical help when they have an acute respiratory infection, with dyspnea being the main concern. Dyspnea is often progressive, and initially occurs with exertion, gradually interferes with daily activities and in late stages dyspnea may be present at rest also. The person becomes more of a chest breather, relying on the intercostals and accessory muscles rather than effective abdominal breathing.The objective of the study was, to assess the breathing pattern before and after pursed Lip breathing exercise among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in control and experimental group. To evaluate the effectiveness of Pursed lip breathing exercise on the reduction of Dsypnea among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in experimental group. To find out the association between the breathing pattern with selected demographic variables in the control and experimental group.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Selected Breathing Exercises among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Mortality rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more than 3 million people every year, making it 3rd largest cause of death in the world. It has been estimated that by the year 2030. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will become the third biggest cause of death. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive irreversible airway disease characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis, resulting in breathlessness, cough and sputum as the disease progresses, subjects with COPD experience increasing deterioration of their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), with greater impairment in their ability to work and declining participation in social and physical activities. Hence practicing pursed lip breathing exercise in their daily routine will improve their breathing pattern and quality of life.&#x0D; Objectives:&#x0D; &#x0D; To assess the breathing pattern of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient.&#x0D; To assess the effectiveness of selected breathing exercises among the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.&#x0D; To associate the effectiveness of selected breathing exercises among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with their demographic variables.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and Methods: The research approach used for the study was interventional evaluatory approach. The study was conducted in respiratory unit at Wardha City Maharashtra, India, using one group pre test post test design without control group. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used for selecting 60 COPD patients. On the first day pre test assessment of breathing pattern with the help of borg rating scale and provided pursed lip breathing exercise for 20 minutes, 2 times in a day and it was continued for 15 days followed by post test on the 15th day. The data collected, tabulated and analysed in terms of objectives of study using descriptive and inferential statistics.&#x0D; Results: The mean post test score. The overall comparison of selected breathing exercise among COPD patients at rest pre test score was higher 3.48 with SD of ±1.25 when compare with at rest post test score which was 0.91 with SD of ±0.85.The statistical Student’s paired t test implies that the difference in the selected breathing exercise among COPD patients was found to be 18.98 which is statistically significant at 0.05% level of significance. Also the overall comparison of selected breathing exercise among COPD patients during activity pre test score was higher 7.95 with SD of ±1.50 when compared with during activity post test score which was 2.76 with SD of ±1.02. The statistical Student’s paired t test implies that the difference in the selected breathing exercise among COPD patients was found to be 18.98 which is statistically significant at 0.05% level of significance. Hence it is statistically interpreted that effectiveness of selected breathing exercises among COPD patients at rest and during activity in post test was effective. The tabulated values was much higher than the calculated’ values at 5% level of significance, also the calculated ‘p-value which was much higher than the acceptable level of significance i.e. ‘p’=0.05. Hence the association of effectiveness of selected breathing exercises is statistically not associated with demographic variables.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results of this study, patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease patients who practiced pursed lip breathing exercise 20 minutes, 2 times a day for 15 days had improvement of the breathing pattern which was statistically proved. Hence pursed lip breathing exercise was cost effective, non invasive, and highly feasible. Hence the researcher concluded that pursed lip breathing exercise can be practice as an effective intervention on improving breathing pattern among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Evaluate Breathing Exercises on Improvement in Respiratory Status among Patients with Respiratory Diseases

Background: Respiratory diseases are typical issue of the airway that hampers the normal airflow and leads to airway inflammation. The impacts of breathing exercises on respiratory diseases have been concentrated to discover its role on improvement of respiratory status. Objective: To estimate breathing exercises on improvement in respiratory status among patients with respiratory diseases. Material and method: A pre experimental, one group pre-test post-test design was adopted on 50 samples with respiratory diseases selected by convenient sampling technique from Medicine (male and female), Pulmonary Medicine, CTVS ward of Guwahati Medical College and Hospital, Assam. Data collected through structured interview schedule for demographic and clinical variables and “modified respiratory status scale” for assessing respiratory status. The group received intervention for 3 minutes one time daily for 7 days. Post-test was done on 7th day. In this study, deep breathing exercise and pursed lip breathing exercise were used. Data were analyzed by using the software package SPSS 2.0 version. Results: the pre-test respiratory status mean was 7.6 and post-test respiratory status mean was 4.98 mean difference was 2.62. The difference in mean scores shows a significant improvement of Respiratory status among patients with Respiratory Diseases. The t’ value of the breathing capacity by using modified respiratory status scale (13.55) was much higher than the ‘p’ value at 0. 05 level of significance. So, Breathing Exercises (Deep Breathing Exercise and Pursed Lip Breathing Exercise) was effective which improve the respiratory status among Respiratory Disease patients. Respiratory status is associated with Gender, History of previous hospitalization and no association with clinical variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that breathing exercises is effective in improvement of respiratory status among patients with respiratory diseases.

Wearables, Respiratory Rehabilitation, Acute Myocardial Infarction and Frailty, and High-Intensity Respiratory Muscle Training

Wearables, Respiratory Rehabilitation, Acute Myocardial Infarction and Frailty, and High-Intensity Respiratory Muscle Training