Purpose Of Application Research Articles

Effect of ruthenium addition on gamma radiation interaction properties of UDIMET* 720Li alloy

The effect of doping of ruthenium (Ru) on the gamma radiation shielding properties of the nickel-base superalloy UDIMET*720Li (or briefly U720Li) was investigated in this study. The U720Li alloy is widely used commercially, and three new U720Li alloys formed by adding Ru, from 1%, 3% and 6% wt., were selected for the study. The investigation of the examined U720Li alloys to reveal the gamma radiation interaction properties will be extremely useful for the applications that they are used. To evaluate the usability of any material for various purposes in different radiation applications, it is an invaluable advantage to use various radiation-matter interaction parameters measured for in-question material. These parameters hand over remarkable knowledge about the capacity to be radiation shielding material or protection ability against radiation of that material. The radiation-matter interaction parameters; linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), ten-value layer (TVL), effective atomic and electron number (Zeff and Neff) and effective conductivity (Ceff) were computed using software called Phy-X/PSD for present U720Li–Ru alloys in the energy range from 0.015 to 15 MeV. Then, the obtained radiation-matter interaction parameters are comparatively discussed to evaluate the effect of Ru addition on the gamma radiation shielding capacities of the studied U720Li–Ru alloys. It has been understood that the doping of Ru has favorable effects on the radiation shielding abilities of U720Li alloys.

Synthesis of Trisiloxane with the Dioxaborolane Group as a Cathode Film-Forming Electrolyte Additive for High-Temperature LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 Batteries.

LiMn2O4 batteries have been widely applied as various portable electronic devices and electric vehicles owing to the merits of low cost, high operating voltage, excellent rate capability, and environmental friendliness. However, the poor performance at elevated temperatures remains a serious technical challenge in terms of commercial application purposes. A borate-containing trisiloxane compound of TSMBO is designed and synthesized as a cathode film-forming electrolyte additive to improve the electrochemical performances of LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 batteries, especially at high temperatures of 55 °C. Atomic force microscopy measurement confirms that the trisiloxane moiety in TSMBO can construct a cathode electrolyte interface (CEI) with higher mechanical strength and better flatness compared to the disiloxane moiety in the TSMBO analogue with a similar chemical structure. The robust CEI film on the surface of the LiMn2O4 cathode and the inhibited hydrolysis of LiPF6 in the electrolyte significantly suppress the dissolution of Mn from the LiMn2O4 cathode and maintain the structural integrity of the LiMn2O4 lattice over cycling. Thus, the LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 coin cell using the TSMBO-containing electrolyte with an optimized addition level of 0.5 wt % exhibits a higher capacity retention of 49.3% compared with 34.3% for the baseline electrolyte after 300 cycles under 1C rate at 55 °C. The LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 pouch cell tests show excellent high-temperature and cycling performance at 55 °C and a higher capacity retention of 90.4% after 500 cycles at 2C compared to 79.7% for that with the baseline electrolyte after 430 cycles at 2C. This work demonstrates that TSMBO is a promising electrolyte additive for practical use to improve the cycling stability of LiMn2O4/Li4Ti5O12 batteries at elevated temperatures.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE PHASE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH ALLOY STEEL 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮЧ

Purpose. Evaluation of the influence of alloying elements of corrosion-resistant steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч on the phase composition and indicators of high-temperature corrosion. Research methods. In order to check the effect of the chemical composition on the structure of steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч, laboratory steels were made. The production of these steels was carried out in an induction furnace with a main lining with a capacity of 50 kg. The resulting castings were forged into blanks 40 ´ 80 ´100 mm in size, with subsequent hot rolling into samples 25, 20, and 15 mm thick. Determination of the yield strength of steels was carried out after exposure at a temperature of 850 °С for 10,000 hours. The corrosion resistance of the test samples was determined by the gravimetric method after the samples were completely immersed in molten magnesium. Results. The choice of the main alloying elements was justified and their influence on durability in the aggressive environment of the recovery process of spongy titanium production was determined. A thermodynamic calculation of the changed Gibbs energy in the operating temperature range was performed. The required phase ratio of 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч steel was considered and selected based on Scheffler de Long and Potak-Sahalevich diagrams. Scientific novelty. The effect of changing the chemical composition of steel 03Х17Н3Г9МБДЮч within technical conditions on the creep limit and durability in the aggressive environment of the recovery process of the production of spongy titanium was determined. Practical value. It is shown that the alloying complex of corrosion-resistant steel is capable of significantly improving the physical, mechanical and technological properties, and expanding the functional application (purpose).

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study of Ceria- and Zirconia-Based Solid Electrolytes for Application Purposes in Fuel Cells and Gas Sensors

In this study, the structural and electrochemical properties of commercial powders of the nominal compositions Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9, Sc0.1Ce0.01Zr0.89O1.95, and Sc0.09Yb0.01Zr0.9O1.95 were investigated. The materials are prospective candidates to be used in electrochemical devices, i.e., gas sensors and fuel cells. Based on a comparison of the EIS spectra in different atmospheres (synthetic air, 3000 ppm NH3 in argon, 10% H2 in argon), the reactions on the three-phase boundaries were proposed, as well as the conduction mechanisms of the electrolytes were described. The Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 material is a mixed ionic–electronic conductor, which makes it suitable for anode material in fuel cells. Moreover, it exhibits an apparent and reversible response for ammonia, indicating the possibility of usage as an NH3 gas-sensing element. In zirconia-based materials, electrical conduction is realized by oxygen ion carriers. Among them, the most promising from an applicative point of view seems to be Sc0.09Yb0.01Zr0.9O1.95, showing a high, reversible reaction with hydrogen.

Vapor-Solid Interface Synthesis of Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Use as Efficient Photocatalysts.

Harsh synthetic conditions for crystalline covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) and associated limitations on structural diversities impede not only further development of functional CTFs, but also practical large-scale synthesis. Herein, a mild and universal vapor-solid interface synthesis strategy is developed for highly crystalline CTFs employing trifluoromethanesulfonic acid vapor as catalysts. A series of highly ordered simple and functional CTFs (CTF-TJUs) can be facilely produced. In particular, the porphyrin-involved functional CTF (CTF-TJU-Por1) with high crystallinity is synthesized for the first time via this universal approach. The mechanism of vapor-catalyzed trimerization of nitrile monomers is thoroughly investigated through semi in situ characterizations. As a proof of concept, the photocatalytic performance of synthesized CTFs for water splitting is evaluated. CTF-TJU-133 exhibits significantly greater photocatalytic rates for hydrogen (4.35µmolh-1) and oxygen (2.18µmolh-1) evolutions during overall water splitting under visible light irradiations compared to other CTF-TJUs, representing one of the highest values among reported CTF photocatalysts. Further studies reveal that enhanced photocatalytic performance of CTF-TJU-133 results from optimized band structure, extended visible-light absorption, and high carrier separation efficiency. This study provides a promising strategy to synthesize various simple and functional CTFs, which significantly enriched diversities of CTF family for different application purposes.

Fatigue Assessment of Pier Structures Under Dynamic Forces

Pier structures in port and fishing harbor facilities require dynamic analyses during the design phase to account for external dynamic forces because of their high flexibility. Dynamic forces are frequently approximated as equivalent static forces for design purposes in practical engineering applications, but the fluctuational effects induced by these dynamic forces can be neglected. As the frequency range of wave forces acting on pier structures (0.05–1.0 Hz) significantly overlaps with the typical natural frequency range of pier structures (0.25–4.0 Hz), the response of a pier structure can be amplified because of the dynamic effects of the waves. In this study, we conducted a dynamic analysis by applying wave forces—a representative dynamic load—to a pier structure. The results were compared with those from a static analysis. A fatigue life assessment, which is often overlooked in static analyses, was also performed. The findings indicated that the concrete at the connection between the upper pier and steel piles exhibited a fatigue life of 27.3 years. The steel piles exhibited fatigue lives of 27.1 and 8.3 years depending on the weld details, falling short of the expected structural durability. Based on these results, recommendations for pier structures are proposed.

Simbolik Geometri Dalam Catan Sulaiman Esa Melalui Prinsip Seni Islam

This paper explains geometric motifs through Islamic aesthetic point of view in the painting Garden of Mystery VI (1992) by Sulaiman Esa. Islamic art prescribes the whole way of life and all the activities that humans carry out in syumul (complete togetherness), including in the study of art. Islamic art is one of the advances in the civilization of the Islamic world and geometry is among the three motifs of Islamic art that are highly praised by the world community apart from calligraphy and Arabes. Islam has established those religious aspects play an important role in determining the basis and foundation to produce an element in the arts. It can be identified in geometric motifs through shape, meaning and symbolism that tend to have the concept of ‘Shari'a’. The main purpose of the study was to identify the types of geometric motifs and patterns in the painting artwork Garden of Mystery VI (1992). Explore the relationship between formalistic aspects of Islamic art and aesthetics through the production of Sulaiman Esa's paintings. This study also aims to see the aesthetic value of Islam which involves the pronunciation of symmetry in the context of mathematical culture. The written and visual data collection methodology in this study uses a qualitative approach that involves the design of case studies based on fieldwork empirical data obtained. Methods of observation, documentation and visual recording were used for the collection of research information. The findings of the study show that geometric motifs are decorations in Islamic art that comply with Islamic law and have their own privileges. An understanding of the form, purpose, philosophy, concept and purpose of geometric design application should be applied in Islamic painting artwork to form Islamic images and identities. Once again guide Islamic painters to internalise, understand and try to stimulate painters to dignify the true motives of Islam.

Preparation of a branched hierarchical Co3O4@Fe2O3 core–shell structure with high-density catalytic sites for efficient catalytic conversion of nitrate in wastewater to ammonia

This work employs a high-efficiency, low cost and environmentally friendly electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) strategy to realize the highly selective conversion of a typical environmental pollutant-nitrate to an extremely important chemical product-ammonia. To ensure high ammonia selectivity and Faradaic efficiency, a branched hierarchical Co3O4@Fe2O3 core–shell structure was synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) using a simple two-step hydrothermal method. After material characterization and parameter optimization, a nitrate conversion rate of 88.4 %, ammonia selectivity of 89.4 %, Faradaic efficiency of 87.2 % and NH3-N yield rate of 3810 μg h−1 cm−2 were obtained at Co3O4@Fe2O3|CC, which also displayed durability by retaining a high Faradaic efficiency of 79.3 % after six consecutive NO3RR cycles. Investigation of the mechanism reveals that active atomic *H plays a key role in the NO3RR. The excellent NO3RR performance of Co3O4@Fe2O3|CC is attributed to its branched hierarchical core–shell structure with large electrochemical surface area and fully exposed catalytic sites. In addition, both experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the Co3O4@Fe2O3 core–shell structure is superior to Co3O4|CC and Fe2O3|CC in catalyzing NO3RR due to the synergistic effect between Co3O4 and Fe2O3. This synergistic effect can promote the adsorption of NO3–, release of NH3 and inhibition of hydrogen evolution, ensuring the highly selective and efficient conversion of NO3– to NH3. This work demonstrates that the morphology of an electrocatalyst can significantly affect its performance for the NO3RR, and has potential for practical application purposes.

New objective functions for streamflow calibrations to specific model applications

Most hydrological models require a calibration process, performed usually using objective functions that measure the differences between observed and simulated data. Objective functions are typically based on statistical metrics, such as the mean squared error (MSE), which penalizes extreme values in statistics, or mean absolute error (MAE), which assigns equal weight to each measure. Although the MSE is effective in capturing model prediction bias or variability, the calibration results with MSE-based objective functions tend to focus on high flow events at the expense of low flow errors. As different objective functions may emphasize different model response aspects, an appropriate objective function is critical to successful model calibration for model application suitability to a given task. The primary aim of this study is not to directly compare the MSE and MAE to determine which is more relevant to model performance. Instead, as an extended formulation for the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), the new objective functions were designed to incorporate performance metrics based on both the MSE and MAE to evaluate model performance more comprehensively across different flow regimes. The case study has investigated the influence of the proposed objective functions on long-term daily streamflow simulations from a land surface model (LSM) over four study watersheds in the Republic of Korea. The proposed objective functions can help simulate streamflow for the specific purpose of model applications through trade-offs between the MSE- and MAE-based variability metrics in the constituent components. The proposed calibration method allows for a more balanced consideration of various flow regime aspects, compared with the results obtained using traditional objective functions.

Synthesis and Biological Activity Assessment of 2-Styrylbenzothiazoles as Potential Multifunctional Therapeutic Agents.

A current trend in healthcare research is to discover multifunctional compounds, able to interact with multiple biological targets, in order to simplify multi-drug therapies and improve patient compliance. The aim of this work was to outline the growing demand for innovative multifunctional compounds, achieved through the synthesis, characterisation and SAR evaluation of a series of 2-styrylbenzothiazole derivatives. The six synthesised compounds were studied for their potential as photoprotective, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory agents. In order to profile antioxidant activity against various radical species, in vitro DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays were performed. UV-filtering activity was studied, first in solution and then in formulation (standard O/W sunscreen containing 3% synthesised molecules) before and after irradiation. Compound BZTst6 proved to be photostable, suitable for broad-spectrum criteria, and is an excellent UVA filter. In terms of antioxidant activity, only compound BZTst4 can be considered a promising candidate, due to the potential of the catechol moiety. Both also showed exceptional inhibitory action against the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (LO), with IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range in both activated neutrophils and under cell-free conditions. The results showed that the compounds under investigation are suitable for multifunctional application purposes, underlining the importance of their chemical scaffolding in terms of different biological behaviours.

On increase of land tax in Kazakhstan

Land tax is one of the sources of formation of local budgets, filling their revenue part. The aim is to analyze the legal framework of the existing system of land taxation, to substantiate the need to increase mandatory payments for land. The following methods were used - monographic - to study the foreign experience of land taxation, statistical - to collect data on tax revenues, the state of the land fund, analytical - in the study of methods of tax payment, on the basis of abstract-logical method problems were identified and ways of their solution were proposed. Results - foreign experience of tax regulation has shown that fiscal policy is aimed at creating favorable preferential conditions for agricultural producers and improving soil quality. The existing domestic methodology of tax payments depending on the purposes of application is considered. The analysis of tax payments in dynamics for 7 years is presented. Land tax rates and rent in the context of target use are calculated. It is revealed that the tax for peasant (farm) farms in accordance with the income from the sale of agricultural products is not quite acceptable, as the costs of its production are not taken into account. Conclusions - it is established that a 40-fold increase in the land tax is premature, since to date such a measure is legislatively approved in the amount of 20-fold. It is recommended to increase the tax burden on residential lands for individual residential construction, shopping and entertainment centers and industrial facilities. Involvement in agricultural turnover of 62.5 million hectares of pastures, concentrated in the category of reserve lands, will make it possible to improve their quality level and receive additional money for the state budget.

Use of Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Biotechnological Tools in Plants.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria are key regulators of the cell cycle and can activate a death response under stress conditions. Like other bacterial elements, TA modules have been widely exploited for biotechnological purposes in diverse applications, such as molecular cloning and anti-cancer therapies. However, their use in plants has been limited, leaving room for the development of new approaches. In this study, we examined two TA systems previously tested in plants, MazEF and YefM-YoeB, and identified interesting differences between them, likely related to their modes of action. We engineered modifications to these specific modules to transform them into molecular switches that can be activated by a protease, inducing necrosis in the plant cells where they are expressed. Finally, we demonstrated the antiviral potential of the modified TA modules by using, as a proof-of-concept, the potyvirus plum pox virus as an activator of the death phenotype.

A Systematic Review of Expert Systems for Improving Energy Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry

Against the backdrop of the European Union’s commitment to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, efforts to improve energy efficiency are being intensified. The manufacturing industry is a key focal point of these endeavors due to its high final electrical energy demand while simultaneously facing a growing shortage of skilled workers crucial for meeting established goals. Expert systems (ESs) offer the chance to overcome this challenge by automatically identifying potential energy efficiency improvements, thereby playing a significant role in reducing electricity consumption. This paper systematically reviews state-of-the-art ES approaches aimed at improving energy efficiency in industry with a focus on manufacturing. The literature search yields 1668 results, of which 62 articles published between 1987 and 2024 are analyzed in depth. These publications are classified according to the system boundary, manufacturing type, application perspective, application purpose, ES type, and industry. Furthermore, we examine the structure, implementation, utilization, and development of ESs in this context. Through this analysis, this review reveals research gaps, pointing toward promising topics for future research.

Lazer Boa Vista: Web Application of Leisure Spaces in Boa Vista/Roraima

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore and identify the main leisure spaces in Boa Vista/Roraima, and to develop a web application that allows users to access interactive multimedia content with the information researched about the municipality (leisure spaces, equipment and activities). Theoretical Framework: The concept of leisure has changed over the years and is currently defined as moments of fun and relaxation in one's free time from work. Providing accurate and up-to-date information on leisure spaces enables people to access and occupy them quickly. Method: This study is characterized by exploratory research and applied research, as its purpose was to generate a product. After the exploratory research, the neighborhoods with the greatest potential for leisure spaces were defined to make up the web application. Leisure research tools were used (bibliographic and documentary research) and application development tools (the programming language suited to the application's purpose). Results and Discussion: 28 neighborhoods with preserved leisure spaces were found, including 25 types of leisure equipment and 45 types of leisure activities practiced in these spaces. This information was used to create the “Lazer Boa Vista” web application. Originality/Value: This study contributes by gathering and listing the leisure spaces in the municipality of Boa Vista/RR. The relevance of this study stands out for highlighting tourist leisure spaces, collaborating with this area socio-economically, popularizing and disseminating them through digital marketing.

Development of Synchronization Selection Method in IoT with Secure Channel Bidirectional Communication

Background: The rapid development of wireless communications and mobile computation has given rise to the novel Internet of Things (IoT) systems, which is causing considerable research attention and industrial development. However, the lack of synchronization between the timers of IoT devices compromises the network's security. Aim: The purpose of this patent application is to present a technique for synchronizing the timepieces of IoT gadgets and establishing a secure channel for the transmission of data from source to destination. Objective: This study proposes a Synchronization Selection Method (SSM) for IoT systems to enhance network security and reduce packet loss. Methods: The method utilizes time-lay synchronization and RSA algorithm-based secure channel establishment. Time lay is a technique that was developed for IoT devices to achieve efficient clock synchronization of sensor nodes. Before synchronizing the sensor nodes' timings, the cluster leaders initiate the process. Utilizing a finite number of nodes, the proposed method was executed in MATLAB. Results: Time-lay synchronization involves all network nodes synchronizing their clocks with a third-party clock. In the context of time-lay synchronization, the term “third-party clock” refers to a single specific point that contains the time signal that all nodes in the network use as a reference. This third-party clock is outside of the network nodes and acts as the standard for the precise and synchronized time within the network. Therefore, it can be deduced that each of the techniques possesses its advantages and disadvantages. Each of the synchronization techniques has the potential to significantly benefit the IoT by offering smart clock synchronization that is more secure. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves throughput and reduces packet loss compared to existing techniques. Conclusion: The potential of this patent is highly significant for solving the synchronization problem of IoT devices and enhancing network security with decreased network packet loss. Other: The SSM would be assessed using the parameters of packet loss and throughput.

Network impact analysis on the performance of Secure Group Communication schemes with focus on IoT

Secure and scalable group communication environments are essential for many IoT applications as they are the cornerstone for different IoT devices to work together securely to realize smart applications such as smart cities or smart health. Such applications are often implemented in Wireless Sensor Networks, posing additional challenges. Sensors usually have low capacity and limited network connectivity bandwidth. Over time, a variety of Secure Group Communication (SGC) schemes have emerged, all with their advantages and disadvantages. This variety makes it difficult for users to determine the best protocol for their specific application purpose. When selecting a Secure Group Communication scheme, it is crucial to know the model’s performance under varying network conditions. Research focused so far only on performance in terms of server and client runtimes. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to perform a network-based performance analysis of SGC schemes. Specifically, we analyze the network impact on the two centralized SGC schemes SKDC and LKH and one decentralized/contributory SGC scheme G-DH. To this end, we used the ComBench tool to simulate different network situations and then measured the times required for the following group operations: group creation, adding and removing members. The evaluation of our simulation results indicates that packet loss and delay influence the respective SGC schemes differently and that the execution time of the group operations depends more on the network situations than on the group sizes.

Teaching IoT: Use Case from a School of Engineers

The main benefit of teaching IoT in today’s classroom is that students are learning crucial skills they’ll need in the future - whether that’s at work or at home. Schools can also benefit from the Internet of Things in several ways. This article presents some techniques of teaching on connected objects. Our work is focused on active pedagogy wich is widely integrated in order to involve students in the theoretical part and to create a prototype of an object having an application purpose. The integration of this teaching into a school of engineers illustrates its implementation

Revamp of the eco-friendly grouting materials by mixing basalt fiber for earthen sites conservation: Compressive performance and constitutive models

Reinforcement techniques, including anchorage and sealing with grout, are frequently employed to protect earthen sites and minimize the impact of fissures, the effectiveness of these approaches relies heavily on the mechanical properties of grout. To enhance the strength and ductility of the conventional grout, an eco-friendly composite grouting material mixture basalt fibers of varying lengths and contents is prepared. The DIC-based UCS tests were conducted to evaluate its compressive performance. Constitutive models of the basalt fiber-reinforced grout, including elastic perfectly-plastic (EPP) and median nonlinear (MNL) constitutive models, were established respectively based on the equal energy rule and cross-sectional data analysis for simplification application and precision evaluation purposes. The results show that the mixture of basalt fibers resulted in a distinct semi-brittle failure mode for the grout, with a significant increase in its compressive strength, ductility, compressive fracture energy, and residual bearing capacity. However, the elastic modulus will be lower when the fibers are relatively longer. Considering the differences in the relations between performance parameters and fiber content, and length, the highest compressive strength was reached at the fiber length of 6 mm and the content of 0.2 wt%, while maximum ductility was achieved at 18 mm and 0.4 wt%. The fracture energy exhibits an approximate positive correlation with fiber content. In addition, the EPP and MNL constitutive models can effectively characterize the compressive mechanical behavior of semi-brittle materials to satisfy different requirements on the precision of engineering analysis. This study contributes valuable insights into the development of high-ductility grouting materials of earthen sites, and the establishment of constitutive models for semi-brittle materials.

Generation of empty cell envelopes of Streptococcus pyogenes using biosurfactants

BackgroundBacterial ghost cells (BGCs) are cell envelopes that devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic contents in purpose of variable applications, including their great potential as vaccine candidates and their effectiveness as delivery systems for drugs and proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study to produce Gram-positive BGCs by treating Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) ATCC 19615 with Tween80 (TW80) or TritonX-100 (TX100), followed by preliminary testing of their antigenicity and safety in NIH/Ola-Hsd mice. The produced BGCs were confirmed by the presence of intact cells under a light microscope, the absence of growth signs upon re-cultivation. The transmembrane tunnels were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, and subsequently, considerable quantities of released DNA and protein were detected in the culture supernatant of the BGCs. The antigenicity of the produced BGCs was tested through three intra-nasal immunization doses followed by infection. Afterward, the opsonic activity and the IgG levels were measured, followed by a comprehensive histopathological examination for selected tissues and organs.ResultsThe sera of immunized mice exhibited a significant rise in both opsonic activity (TW80 produced BGC = 68% and TX100 produced BGC = 75%) and IgG levels (TW80 produced BGC = a threefold increase and TX100 produced BGC = a fourfold increase) when compared to the positive control group "non-immunized challenged with ATCC 19615." Histopathological analysis revealed that the BGCs produced by TW80 are relatively safer and have a less severe impact than those produced by TX100.ConclusionThe study's findings suggest that Sp-BGC/TW80 is initially effective and safe in vivo. However, further pre-clinical studies are necessary to confirm its effectiveness and ensure complete safety, specifically in terms of the absence of autoimmunity and antibody cross-reactivity with myosin proteins in human cardiac tissues.

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MIL-100 (Fe)) for commercial reactive dye effluent oxidation

Abstract Urgent calls for scientists’ contributions towards saving eco-system from toxic deterioration. Such ever increasing urgency is leading the researchers for searching for ever greening technologies such as advanced oxidation processes for aqueous effluent elimination. This current investigation is leading to investigate the metal organic frameworks, role, MIL-100(Fe) that is prepared from reacting H3BTC and ferric nitrate nona hydrate Also, Scanning electron microscopy is applied to set the surface shape of the synthesized substance. Subsequently, the prepared MIL-100(Fe) is used to oxidize Procion Blue MX-7RX in aqueous solution as a model textile wastewater effluent. The catalyst is applying in Fenton’s oxidation system and operating parameters that affecting the system is evaluated. The experimental results revealed that 40 and 800 mgL−1 for MIL-100(Fe) and hydrogen peroxide, respectively at pH 3.0 that is leading to a complete dye removal (100%). Furthermore, the dye loading affects the reaction rate since its increase reduces the removal efficacy. Finally, thermodynamic parameters and kinetics of the reaction is evaluated for the scale-up purposes for real applications.