Purpose Of Notification Research Articles

Factors impacting the adoption of social network sites for emergency notification purposes in universities

The increasing number of campuses incidents has kindled a realisation among university officials of the need for better communication with students at such trying times. This study uses the technology, organisation and environment (TOE) framework and the theory of channel complementarity to develop an insight into the factors that contribute to social network adoption intention and to examine the relationship between traditional channels and social network sites in the context of emergency response. The findings suggest that the intention to adopt social network sites for emergency notification purposes is influenced by two factors: the rate of critical incidents on campus, and the number of traditional notification channels deployed on campus, indicating that traditional channels and social network sites complement each other. The insights presented here will aid both school authorities and business firms in making informed decisions regarding the deployment of notification technologies.

Cancer notification in India

In many developed countries, notification of cancer cases is compulsory. Developing countries including India accounts for more than half of new cancer cases in the world, however notification of cancer is not yet mandatory. The primary purpose of notification is to effect prevention and control and better utilization of resources. It is also a valuable source for incidence, prevalence, mortality and morbidity of the disease. Notification of cancer will lead to improved awareness of common etiologic agents, better understanding of common preventable causes and better utilization of health resources with better monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of health programs such as cancer screening and cancer treatment programs, which ultimately might improve survival. Notification of cancer can be done by the doctor or the hospital. Akin to the integrated disease surveillance project where more than 90% of the districts report weekly data through E-mail/portal, notification of cancer can be implemented if it is incorporated into the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases and Stroke scheme. The need of the hour is cancer notification in India.

Presence of orange rust on sugarcane in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

Sugarcane leaf rust symptoms were observed on seven month-old plants in March 2012 at Santa Teresa Farm, north coast of Pernambuco, Brazil. Plants were identified as a genotype coded as RBUFRPE0032 developed by the Sugarcane Breeding Program of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE/EECAC). Evaluations under field conditions showed characteristic leaf rust symptoms and high severity. Analysis of symptomatic leaves under the optical microscope at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of UFRPE/EECAC confirmed the presence of fungal urediniospores showing specific characteristics of the fungus. Molecular evaluation by real-time PCR yielded positive results for Puccinia kuenhii. This is the first report of sugarcane leaf rust in Pernambuco. Although the disease has been reported in other Brazilian states, producers and researchers are worried since the behavior of promising commercial varieties and clones from breeding programs directed at the soil and climatic conditions of the state is unknown. The Ministry of Agriculture in Pernambuco was officially informed for notification purposes.

P5.004 Initial Uptake of STI Partner Notification Website So They Can Know

BackgroundSo They Can Know (STCK) is a partner notification website developed from extensive formative research conducted with the target population and health care providers. STCK allows patients in the United...

Incident Response Plan for a Small to Medium Sized Hospital

Most small to medium health care organizations do not have the capability to address cyber incidents within the organization. Those that do are poorly trained and ill equipped. These health care organizations are subject to various laws that address privacy concerns, proper handling of financial information, and Personally Identifiable Information. Currently an IT staff handles responses to these incidents in an Ad Hoc manner. A properly trained, staffed, and equipped Cyber Incident Response Team is needed to quickly respond to these incidents to minimize data loss, and provide forensic data for the purpose of notification, disciplinary action, legal action, and to remove the risk vector. This paper will use the proven Incident Command System model used in emergency services to show any sized agency can have an adequate CIRT

Response to the Commonwealth of Australia Attorney General's Discussion Paper on Mandatory Data Breach Notification (October, 2012)

This submission contends that a mandatory data breach notification scheme should be implemented in Australia, initially via the Privacy Act, as suggested by the ALRC and outlined in the Discussion Paper. However, whilst mandatory data breach notification schemes are extremely useful at highlighting the extent of problems, these schemes do not have the regulatory tools to remedy the problems that they uncover. Moreover, the utility of implementing a data breach notification scheme via the Privacy Act is likely to diminish over the medium to long term given the limits of notification as a consumer remedy and the conceptual conflict at the heart of data breach notification regimes. In order to maximise the potential outcomes of a mandatory data breach notification scheme, the purpose of data breach notification should be considered within a much wider ambit – the protection of critical information infrastructure protection. This requires a revisioning of the purpose of notification in conjunction with the development and implementation of new regulatory structures to coordinate remedial responses. An Australian mandatory data breach notification should therefore be viewed in a comprehensively different perspective that regards different levels of social activity and a re-evaluation of the scheme’s role. The revision moves beyond the limited application of individual rights and shifts regulatory focus to the societal interests that pertain to the protection of personal information and the infrastructures of information exchange. An Australian mandatory data breach notification scheme could therefore provide a transitory passage that attempts to take regulation from the identification of a significant problem (e.g. inadequate information security of personal information that requires notification) eventually to a potential solution (e.g. the implementation of effective security measures and competent monitoring).

SP3-81 Geo-epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in the state of SÃo Paulo, Brazil, 2007–2010

In São Paulo, resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined for the purpose of notification and treatment, as those cases that present with in-vitro resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, and a third...

You've Got Mail (2010)

You've Got Mail (2010)

Do Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws Affect Criminal Behavior?

Sex offenders have become the targets of some of the most far-reaching and novel crime legislation in the U.S. Two key innovations in recent decades have been registration and notification laws which, respectively, require that convicted sex offenders provide valid contact information to law enforcement authorities, and that information about sex offenders be made public. Using the evolution of state law during the 1990s and 2000s, we study how registration and notification affect the frequency of reported sex offenses and the incidence of such offenses across victims. We find evidence that registration reduces the frequency of sex offenses by providing law enforcement with information on local sex offenders. As we predict using a simple model of criminal behavior, this decrease in crime is concentrated among “local” victims (e.g., friends, acquaintances, neighbors) with no evidence of less crime occurring against strangers. We also find evidence that notification has reduced crime, but not, as legislators anticipated, by disrupting the criminal conduct of convicted sex offenders. Our results instead suggest that notification deters nonregistered sex offenders, and may, in fact, increase recidivism among registered offenders by reducing the relative attractiveness of a crime-free life. This finding is consistent with work by criminologists showing that notification imposes social and financial costs on registered sex offenders, perhaps offsetting the relative benefits of forgoing criminal activity. We regard this latter finding as important, given that the purpose of notification is to reduce recidivism.

The local lymph node assay in practice: a current regulatory perspective

Following the formal acceptance of the local lymph node assay (LLNA) as an Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline in April 2002, the UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) informed notifiers that this was now the method of choice for the assessment of skin sensitization potential under the EU notification scheme for new industrial chemicals (NONS). This paper summarizes the experience of the HSE for the 2-year period immediately following the issuing of this statement, during which 48 LLNA study reports were assessed for notification purposes. The issues discussed here include adherence to the OECD guideline, interpretation of results, and classification outcomes. Generally, notifying laboratories followed the OECD guideline successfully, with regard to the sex/ strain/numbers of mice used, the precise process used for measurement of cell proliferation, and the use of recommended vehicles and positive controls. Initially, use of the individual animal approach (measuring the cell proliferation in each animal rather than for a pooled dose group) highlighted problems caused by technical inexperience, but these were overcome by practice. Toxicity or irritation were found to be minor factors in dose selection; more important was the choice of vehicle to correctly maximize the test substance concentration, while maintaining appropriate application properties. Contrary to concerns that the LLNA would prove to be less sensitive or more sensitive than the traditionally used Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT), the proportion of new substances classified as skin sensitizers was within the range observed in previous years. Although the sample size is relatively small, the experience of the HSE indicates that the LLNA is satisfactory for routine regulatory use.

Statistical Modelling of Formaldehyde Occupational Exposure Levels in French Industries, 1986–2003

Occupational exposure databanks (OEDBs) have been cited as sources of exposure data for exposure surveillance and exposure assessment in epidemiology. In 2003, an extract was made from COLCHIC, the French national OEDB, of all concentrations of formaldehyde. The data were analysed with extended linear mixed-effects models in order to identify influent variables and elaborate a multi-sector picture of formaldehyde exposures. Respectively, 1401 and 1448 personal and area concentrations were available for the analysis. The fixed effects of the personal and area models explained, respectively, 57 and 53% of the total variance. Personal concentrations were related to the sampling duration (short-term higher than TWA levels), decreased with the year of sampling (-9% per year) and were higher when local exhaust ventilation was present. Personal levels taken during planned visits and for occupational illness notification purpose were consistently lower than those taken during ventilation modification programmes or because the hygienist suspected the presence of significant risk or exposure. Area concentrations were related to the sampling duration (short-term higher than TWA levels), and decreased with the year of sampling (-7% per year) and when the measurement sampling flow increased. Significant within-facility (correlation coefficient 0.4-0.5) and within-sampling campaign correlation (correlation coefficient 0.8) was found for both area and personal data. The industry/task classification appeared to have the greatest influence on exposure variability while the sample duration and the sampling flow were significant in some cases. Estimates made from the models for year 2002 showed elevated formaldehyde exposure in the fields of anatomopathological and biological analyses, operation of gluing machinery in the wood industry, operation and monitoring of mixers in the pharmaceutical industry, and garages and warehouses in urban transit authorities.

Development of a decision support system for the introduction of alternative methods into local irritancy/corrosivity testing strategies. Development of a relational database.

For new chemical substances that are notified within the European Union, data sets have to be submitted to the National Competent Authorities. The data submitted have to demonstrate the physicochemical and toxic properties of the new chemical, such as solubility, partition coefficients and spectra, as well as acute toxic properties and the potential to cause local irritant or corrosive effects. In order to minimise testing for notification purposes (for example, animal testing), it is necessary to develop stepwise assessment procedures, including structure-activity considerations, alternative methods (for example, in vitro tests), and computerised structure-activity relationship (SAR) models. An electronic database was developed which contains physicochemical and toxicological data on approximately 1300 chemical substances. It is used for regulatory structure-property relationship (SPR) and SAR considerations, and for the development of rules for a decision support system (DSS) for the introduction of alternative methods into local irritancy/corrosivity testing strategies. The information stored in the database is derived from proprietary data, so it is not possible to publish the data directly. Therefore, the database is evaluated by regulators, and the information derived from the data is used for the development of scientific information about SARs. This information can be published, for example, by means of tables correlating measured physicochemical values and specific toxic effects caused by the measured chemical. This information is introduced to the public by means of a DSS that predicts local irritant/corrosive potential of a chemical by listing so called exception rules of the kind IF (physicochemical property) A THEN not (toxic) Effect B and so-called structural rules of the kind IF Substructure A THEN Effect B. These DSS rules "translate" proprietary data into scientific knowledge that can be published.

Public Notification: Useful Tool for Systems

If a water system violates a drinking water regulation, public notification is required. The purpose of public notification is to inform consumers of any potential adverse health effects related to their drinking water and the steps consumers can take to minimize their health risk. Properly done, public notices can benefit the water suppliers as well as the public. If customers understand the problem and the steps being taken to correct it, panic and angry phone calls may be prevented. Used positively, public notification can be a useful tool in communicating with customers.

沖縄県の献血者におけるＨＣＶ保有者の実態と告知基準の再考

Donors showing a weak positive reaction for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by PHA (25-211) are not subject to notification as HCV carriers. In order to estimate the frequency of HCV-RNA positive donors in low titer PHA positives, serume samples of PHA positive donors were tested for anti-HCV using different EIA test kits (Abbot EIA-2, JCC-2, UBI), and for HCV-RNA by nested PCR. All HCV-RNA positive samples in this study were also positive by all three ETA tests. On the other hand, HCV-RNA were not detected in the samples showing negative in some second generation tests. All three second generation tests were able to identify all of the HCV-RNA positive samples and showed 100% sensitivity.We therefore propose that a new HCV screening and confirmation method using other second generation anti-HCV test (s) and PCR be accepted for notification purposes. First, blood donors should be screened for anti-HCV by PHA, with positive samples showing a PHA titer of 25-211 subject to a second generation confirmation test (s) with which we identify donors likely to be HCV carriers. Second, a PCR test would be done to samples positive by the second generation confirmation test (s). Using this screening method, the persentage of serum samples subject to PCR test were estimated to be 38% of PHA positive donors and 0.1% of the overall donors in Okinawa. Hence, it would seem to be feasible to use the PCR test to determine donors to be notified as HCV carriers.

The Age Distribution of Communicable Disease According to Size of Community

THE lack of adequate tabulations of morbidity statistics in the United States has been felt probably by every worker in the field of practical epidemiology. For the most part, our knowledge of the prevalence, by age and sex, of the common communicable diseases rests upon hospital statistics, the published reports of a few city health departments, and occasional articles in professional journals. The neglect fully to utilize available morbidity data is in striking contrast to the work expended on mortality statistics with resulting enormous annual waste of collected material. Morbidity reports are looked upon usually as being merely for the purpose of notification in order that the proper authority may take suitable action to prevent the immediate extension of the disease. It is not generally appreciated that they have a further value as a guide in devising or revising methods of control, and that they furnish a useful ground work for the intensive study of particular material under special conditions. For the past seven years the Division of Communicable Diseases of the New York State Department of Health has been engaged in tabulating by age and sex, the morbidity and mortality for typhoid fever, scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, diphtheria and poliomyelitis for the years subsequent to 1914. The tabulations show the gross morbidity, by small groups of communities classified according to population, and so far as good data were available, the age and sex incidence for each group, and according to the month in which the case was reported to the department. The deaths have been similarly classified except that they are given for the month in which they occurred. Unfortunately we have no data as to the age and sex incidence of these dis-