Purple Fluorescence Research Articles

Novel Fluorescent Aluminum Complexes Based on N-Hydroxy-3,6-diaryl-4-phenyl-2-pyridone Ligands

Abstract Novel fluorescent aluminium complexes of N-hydroxy-3,6-diaryl-4-phenyl-2-pyridone derivatives were synthesized and their fluorescent properties were investigated. The complexes having a trifluoromethyl group and a methoxy group at the para-position on the 3- and 6-phenyl groups exhibit purple fluorescence in the solid state.

Stacking and separation of fluorescent derivatives of amino acids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide)

A new approach for the analysis of large-volume naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) derivatives of amino acids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in conjunction with a purple light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection is described. In order to optimize resolution, speed, and stacking efficiency, a discontinuous condition is essential for the analysis of NDA-amino acid derivatives. The optimum conditions use 2.0 M TB (pH 10.0) buffer containing 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to fill the capillary, deionized water to dilute samples, and 200 mM TB (pH 9.0) containing 10 mM SDS to prepare 0.6% poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Once high voltage is applied, PEO solution enters the capillary via electroosmotic flow and SDS micelles interact and thus sweep the NDA-amino acid derivatives having smaller electrophoretic mobilities than that of SDS micelles in the sample zone. When the aggregates between SDS micelles and NDA amino acid derivatives enter PEO zone, they are stacked due to decrease in electric field and increases in viscosity. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration and separation of 0.53-μL 13 NDA-amino acid derivatives that are negatively charged has been demonstrated by using a 60-cm capillary, with the efficiencies 0.3–9.0 × 10 5 theoretical plates and the LODs at signal-to-noise ratio 3 ranging from 0.30 to 2.76 nM. When compared to standard injection (30-cm height for 10 s), the approach allows the sensitivity enhancements over the range of 50–800 folds for the derivatives. The new approach has been applied to the analysis of a red wine sample, with great linearity of fluorescent intensity against concentrations ( R 2 > 0.98) and the RSD (three repetitive runs in one day) values of the migration times for the ten identified amino acids less than 2.8%.

Rational Design of New Bright Luminescent Zinc Diphosphonates with 12-Member Ring Channels

Three new zinc diphosphonates possessing bright purple fluorescence, high thermal stability, and an intriguing 3D pillared open framework with 1D 12-member ring channels encapsulating luminescent guest have been rationally designed and synthesized by introducing a luminescent guest as a structure-directing agent.

Structural basis for blue and purple fluorescence of antibody-stilbene complexes

Structural basis for blue and purple fluorescence of antibody-stilbene complexes

Direct Continuous Fluorometric Assay for Monoamine Oxidase B

The first direct and continuous fluorometric assay for monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) has been developed.E-2,5-Dimethoxycinnamylamine hydrochloride was designed and synthesized and was found to be an excellent substrate for MAO B (Km= 218 μM,Kcat= 435 min−1). This compound has an intense purple fluorescence when irradiated at λex= 343 nm (λem= 393 nm) in Tris buffer, pH 9.0, or sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, but under the same conditions, the corresponding aldehyde, the product of the MAO-catalyzed oxidation ofE-,5-dimethoxycinnamylamine hydrochloride, does not fluoresce. The activity of MAO B, therefore, can be determined efficiently and rapidly by continuously following the decrease in fluorescence at 393 nm at enzyme concentrations as low as 100 nM. The change in fluorescence is linear up to a substrate concentration of 500 μM.

Pharmacognostic studies on the flower of Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) WILLD

AbstractThe flowers of Pterospermum acerifolium are considered to be laxative, anthelmintic, stomachic and used in inflammation, blood disorders, ulcers and leprosy. The present paper deals with the detailed pharmacognosy of the floral parts including morphological, anatomical, phytochemical and fluorescence characters. Some of the diagnostic features of the drug are: presence of numerous schizogenous mucilage canals in the pedicel; sepal surface ridged at regular intervals; characteristically stalked, long and stellate hairs on pedicel, sepals and style, 1‐3 celled hairs with much divided and striated base on the staminodes; and greenish purple fluorescence of drug powder when treated with In HCI and nitrocellulose.

FLUORESCENCE OF 1‐DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHALENE‐5‐SULFONATE AND PYRENE‐1‐SULFONATE CONJUGATED TO BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Abstract— Two fluorescence probes, 1‐dimethylaminonaphthalene‐5‐sulfonylchloride and pyrene‐1‐sulfonylchloride, were conjugated to the protein in purple membrane and fluorescence intensity and anisotropy were measured as a function of temperature. The anisotropy of the 1‐dimethyl‐aminonaphthalene‐5‐sulfonate conjugate showed a characteristic temperature dependence, in which, the anisotropy is constant at 0.22 ± 0.01 until 25‐30°C and decreases above 30°C. The fluorescence intensity, however, varies linearly with temperature. These results imply that the transition is due to bacteriorhodopsin in the trimer.

Synthesis and evaluation of fluorescent materials for colour control of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence. II. Violet and blue emitters

Synthetic approaches to efficient blue fluorescent compounds suitable for use in peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence systems are described. Various bis(phenylethynyl)-naphthalenes and -phenan-threnes were obtained but these were shown to produce purple fluorescence and chemiluminescence. Ring substitution of 9,10-diphenylanthracene, however, afforded a number of satisfactory blue fluorescent emitters. The structure and derivation of several byproducts is also discussed.

Fluorescence in human lens

In human lens there are two major types of fluorescence, one of which is emitted around 340 nm when excited at 290 nm (purple fluorescence), and the other with activation and emission wavelength respectively in the neighborhood of 340 and 420 nm (blue fluorescence). The level of the purple fluorescence is high in comparison with that of the blue in all the protein fractions of the lens examined. In both fluorescence, urea soluble (U.S.) fraction of the insuluble protein shows the highest level, and gamma crystallin the lowest, whereas the level in alpha and beta crystallins is in between. The purple fluorescence of the human lens associated with both soluble and insoluble fraction seems to be maintained at a relatively constant level throughout life of human lens, while the blue fluorescence observed in both soluble and insoluble fractions increases with age. The age-related changes in the blue fluorescence is more conspicuous in the U.S. fraction than in the soluble proteins. It appears that the increase in lens fluorescence observed with age is attributed mainly to the blue fluorescence.

Studies in fluorescence histochemistry. 3. The demonstration with salicylhydrazide of the aldehydes present in periodate-oxidized mucosubstances.

SYNOPSISSalicylhydrazide forms blue fluorescent derivatives with all potentially Schiff‐reactive, periodate‐oxidized mucosubstances in sections of fixed tissue. The derivatives formed from sulpho‐ and sialomucins usually emit an intense fluorescence. The fluorescence emitted by neutral mucosubstance derivatives is less intense. Aluminium salts enhance the fluorescence emitted by these derivatives, but zinc salts tend to quench it.Salicylhydrazide forms stable fluorescent products only with aldehydes, and is therefore highly specific. Moreover, its aldehyde hydrazones are unique among aldehyde acid arylhydrazones in that only they can be converted into formazans.Cytoplasmic proteins emit a red or purple fluorescence after being treated with a solution containing a solochrome black dye and an aluminium salt. This fluorescence enables the blue fluorescence emitted by periodate‐oxidized mucosubstance salicylhydrazones to be seen more clearly.

Vulvar fluorescence

Examination of the human vulva by means of a lamp emitting near ultraviolet light reveals: 1.1. No fluorescence in childhood.2.2. A greenish background fluorescence, appearing about the time of puberty and continuing into old age.3.3. Purple fluorescence replacing the green to varying extent and intensity during the menstrual years of life.4.4. A much darker, but also variable, purple fluorescence during pregnancy, which fades rapidly at the termination of pregnancy.5.5. Red fluorescence, usually but not always associated with vaginal bleeding and sometimes with impending abortion. There is both a brick-red tissue fluorescence, and a salmon-red fluorescence; the latter is emitted by secretion from glands in the region of the clitoris and is due to porphyrins.Purple fluorescence seems to be closely associated with estrogen and/or progesterone activity. It can be produced artificially in the castrate or in elderly women by oral or parenteral estrogens. The nature of the phenomcnon is not yet clear nor has the exact location of the fluorescent material been discovered. Preliminary experiments appear to demonstrate that purple vulvar fluorescence is not due to vascular congestion of the vulva per se.

A colorimetric method, based on metallic complex formation, for the detection of aureomycin in presence of aminoacids and proteins.

EXPERIMENTS involving the feeding of aureomycin to animals are now so common that it would be an advantage to have a rapid and reliable chemical method for its detection in body fluids and similar media. This is the more desirable since microbiological methods of assay are not easy to carry out because of the instability of the antibiotic in ordinary bacteriological media, even at 25°1,2. There is one remarkable chemical property of aureomycin, apparently not yet recorded in the literature, which might be made use of to this end, namely, its ability in alkaline solution to form stable, yellow complexes, soluble in n-butanol, with certain divalent cations only, notably Mg, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu and Sr. Zn, Cd, Mn, Ba, Hg and Pb do not form stable coloured complexes. Aureomycin alone gives, of course, a yellow colour with excess of ammonia or caustic soda, but this fades quite quickly and irreversibly at 30°, a purple fluorescence developing in its place. Shaking with n-butanol then extracts no colour.

The assay of micrococcin, an almost insoluble antibiotic.

Summary: The difficulties of assaying micrococcin by the usual microbiological methods and means of obviating or decreasing some of them are described. Certain detergents have a solubilizing effect on micrococcin and it is possible to assay such ‘solutions’ by hole-plate or other diffusion methods which cannot otherwise be applied. Low results are obtained by this method in crude fermentation liquors, probably because some of the micrococcin is present in a bound form. Ethanolic solutions of micrococcin have a powerful purple fluorescence in ultraviolet light by which amounts of the order of 2·5 μg./ml. may be accurately estimated. Details are given of the procedure, and of the special precautions necessary when micrococcin in broth or tissue is to be estimated. Micrococcin may also be estimated by measuring the absorption in ethanolic solution at 345 mμ., at which wavelength E 1 cm. 1 % = 177·5.

Riboflavin in Black Pepper

Fixen and Boscoe1 quoting Murthy2 place the fresh green berries of Piper nigrum extraordinarily high in the list of riboflavin-containing materials. Commercial black pepper, which consists of the dried berries of this plant also picked in the green stage, was considered as a possible source of riboflavin. When this product was assayed for riboflavin by the method of one of us3 it was found to be devoid of riboflavin. An aqueous extract gave a very strong green fluorescence at high dilutions, but the solubility properties of the fluorescent material were not those of riboflavin but were similar to those of piperine. That this is the substance in black pepper which is responsible for the observed green fluorescence is confirmed by the strong fluorescence obtained with purchased piperine at a dilution in water of 1 in 2 million. Piperine in alcohol solution gives a light blue fluorescence with ultra-violet light, and in chloroform a purple blue fluorescence is seen. The fluorescent material in black pepper behaves in a similar manner to piperine, whilst riboflavin gives a green fluorescence in both water and alcohol, and luminoflavin fluoresces green in alcohol, chloroform or water solutions.

Sulfomorphid; and the Purple Fluorescence Test, A New Derivative Test for Morphine

Sulfomorphid; and the Purple Fluorescence Test, A New Derivative Test for Morphine