Percentage Purity Research Articles

Response of Sugarbeets(Beta vulgaris)to Sublethal Rates of 2,4-D

The herbicide 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was applied as sublethal rates to sugarbeets(Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’) in the field at different growth stages to determine its effect on growth and yield. The greatest reduction in top growth occurred when the highest rate of 2,4-D, 0.07 kg/ha, was applied to the oldest plants (12-leaf stage). All rates of 2,4-D reduced the components of sucrose yield (percentage sucrose, percentage purity, and root weight) to the extent that, together, the three components contributed to a significant reduction in recoverable sucrose. The yields of recoverable sucrose were reduced 6.8, 7.8, and 13.2% by the 0.017, 0.035, and 0.07 kg/ha rates, respectively.

Isolation of T-Lymphocytes From Disaggregated Tumors, With High Purity and Good Percentage Recovery: Brief Communication23

A combination of two cell separation methods was utilized for the isolation of thymus-derived lymphocytes (TL) from enzymatically disaggregated tumors. Passage through Sephadex G-10-glass bead columns to remove adherent cell types followed by exposure to IgG-coated sheep red blood cell monolayers for removal of Fc receptor-bearing inflammatory cells provided functional TL suspensions of high purity with good percentage recovery.

Preliminary characterization of peroxidase isozymes isolated from two flax genotrophs

Four peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) isozymes were isolated from each of two flax genotrophs. All four isozymes were glycoproteins and all exhibited indoleacetic acid (IAA) oxidase activity. The percentage purity of two of the isozymes was very high; these isozymes differed in percentage carbohydrate and in peroxidase and IAA oxidase specific activities. Three of the isozymes displayed molecular weight values of about 43 000; for the fourth, molecular weight was considerably higher. Corresponding isozymes from the genotrophs and from two other flax genotypes displayed molecular weight differences which corresponded to electrophoretic relative mobility differences. Enzyme yield per unit fresh weight was higher for one genotroph than the other, and the balance between peroxidase activity and IAA oxidase activity between the genotrophs was different.

Some Aspects of Flowering and Reproductive Behaviour in Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maiden at J.D.M. Keet Forest Research Station. 2. The fruit, seed, seedlings, self fertility, selfing and inbreeding effects / ASPEKTE VAN BLOM EN VOORTPLANTINGSGEDRAG VAN EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS (HILL.) MAIDEN BY J.D.M. KEET-BOSNAVORSINGSTASIE

ABSTRACT Depending on altitude, capsules were considered mature and were reaped after five to seven months from anthesis, at which time they had begun to turn brown. Out of 18 clones which were tested, 12 set varying amounts of parthenocarpic fruit. By sieving seed and chaff and discarding all particles passing through a sieve of gauge 500 urn, 84% of the viable seed was retained; this fraction was the best as regards initial vigour and survival, and percentage purity was improved. Out of 45 clones which were self-pollinated, 44 yielded some seed. Fifteen types of abnormality were recognized among the progeny and ten of these were classed as detrimental. Four of these deviant types were used as markers in assessing percentage of selfing, which varied from 10% to 38%, except in one test of out-of-season flowering, for which a figure of 83% was obtained. Apart from abnormal progeny and reduced seed yield after selfing, the most consistent inbreeding effect was on height; bole straightness was also adversely...

Effects of environmental factors and agronomic and storage practices on quality of sugarbeet

The sugarbeet is an herbaceous dicotyledon. The annual world production of sugarbeet exceeds 200 million tons. It supplies 40% of the world's sugar. The sugarbeet, a biennial, normally completes its vegetative cycle in 2 years. During the first year it develops a large succulent root, in which reserve food sugar is stored. During the second year it produces flowers and seeds. Favorable environmental conditions and proper agronomic practices (such as temperatures, climate, day length, fertilization, disease control, control of late growth) are essential for producing high sugar and less impure sugarbeet. Proper nitrogen fertilization increases the yield, but decreases the sugar percentage and juice purity of sugarbeet. Nitrate is the principle source of nitrogen used by sugarbeets. Nitrate uptake and metabolism require energy which is derived at the expense of sugar accumulation. Glutamine in sugarbeet is synthesized mainly in the roots and is transported to the leaves. Estimation and application of the op...

Comparison of four independent soil surveys by air-photo interpretation, paphos area (Cyprus)

Four skilled soil surveyors from three countries collaborated independently to produce soil maps of 19 km 2 in southwestern Cyprus by air-photo interpretation. No restrictions were imposed on their choice of soil classification, map legend and mapping units. All had access to the same 1:10,000 panchromatic air-photo stereo-cover and to the necessary background information on geology, topography and land use. Each was given full details of the soil profile at 30 sites of his choice. The four maps are presented. Comparisons demonstrate that the four interpreters used quite different strategies for mapping the same soil landscape, to produce soil maps which differed considerably in the percentage purity of their mapping units and the extent to which the variability of soil properties within mapping units was less than that of the landscape as a whole. The purity appears to be inversely related to the number of profile classes and to the uniformity of mapping units. In this area at least it would seem that the quality of soil surveys by air-photo interpretation (a.p.i.) is more sensitive to the surveyor's choice of soil classes and mapping units than to his skill in locating boundaries. Most published comparisons of a.p.i. soil maps have compared only the surveyors' skill in locating boundaries. Quantitative criteria, such as purity and statistical uniformity, can and should also be employed to compare alternative map legends.

Isolation of Mesophyll Cells and Bundle Sheath Cells from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Leaves and a Scanning Microscopy Study of the Internal Leaf Cell Morphology

A technique is described for the separation of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells from Digitaria sanguinalis leaves and evidence for separation is given with light and scanning electron micrographs. Gentle grinding of fully differentiated leaves in a mortar releases mesophyll cells which are isolated on nylon nets by filtration. More extensive grinding of the remaining tissue yields bundle sheath strands which are isolated by filtration with stainless steel sieves and nylon nets. Further grinding of bundle sheath strands in a tissue homogenizer releases bundle sheath cells which are collected on nylon nets. Percentage of purity derived from cell counts and yield data on a chlorophyll basis are given.The internal leaf cell morphology is presented in scanning electron micrographs and compared with light micrographs of fully-differentiated D. sanguinalis leaves. In leaves of plants which possess the C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle of photosynthesis, the relationship of leaf morphology to photosynthesis in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is considered, and the hypothesis is presented that as atmospheric CO(2) enters a leaf about 85% is fixed by the C(4)-dicarboxylic acid cycle in the mesophyll cells and 10 to 15% is fixed by the reductive pentose phosphate cycle in the bundle sheath cells.A technique also is given for the isolation of mesophyll cells from spinach leaves.

Nähere charakterisierung der bei Nickeleinkristallen zum lochfra führenden versetzungen

Nucleation of pitting on Ni single crystals depends on the state of dislocation configurations. Specific etching techniques as well as microanalysis showed that dislocations having precipitations of Ni 3S 2 are the starting points of pits. The formation of etched pits is exclusively due to the changes of the chemical composition of the material. A governing structural effect in terms of a contribution in pitting of screw and spiral dislocations or dislocations arranged in small-angle grain boundaries, respectively, predominantly of screw type is considered to be possible for high purity percentages of the crystals. The generation of pits at clean dislocations possibly would occur if the electrolyte contains sulphide ions.

The effect of small doses of nematicides on migratory root‐parasitic nematodes and on the growth of sugar beet and barley in sandy soils

SUMMARYSmaller amounts of D–D (6–12 gal/acre) (68–135 1/ha) or ethylene dibromide (9 gal/acre) (100 1/ha) than are customarily used to disinfest field soils killed many root‐parasitic nematodes (Trichodorus, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus and Longidorus attenuatus) when injected 6–8 in (15–20 cm) deep during early autumn in rows 10 in (25 cm) apart in well‐drained sandy soils. They also increased the yield of sugar beet grown in fields infested with Trichodorus or Longidorus attenuatus, without affecting sugar percentage or juice purity of the roots, and in some places increased the yield of barley grown after the beet. D–D was much less effective when injected 8–12 in deep during late autumn or winter. Increasing nitrogen dressings to the seedbed from 1·5 to 3 cwt/acre (188 to 376 kg/ha) increased sugar beet yield in one field, decreased it in another and decreased juice purity in both. In two other experiments extra nitrogen did not affect sugar beet yield.Even smaller amounts of the nematicides ‘placed’ in the rows, before or after sowing sugar beet in them, killed many of the nematodes and also increased sugar yield. Phytotoxic nematicides can be placed in the rows during autumn, winter or spring but placement is simpler during spring, when the treated rows are indicated by the position of the marks of the tractor wheels left when the nematicide was applied. When applied during autumn or winter, the rows need to be indicated by drilling wheat or grass.

A titrimetric study of the reaction of quinones in fluoride solution with iron(II)

A simple, direct potentiometric titration is described for the determination of the percentage purity of quinones. The quinone, 0·25 to 1 mmole, is dissolved in 50 per cent. v/v aqueous alcoholic solution, which is 0·5 M in hydrofluoric acid and 0·5 M in ammonium fluoride, then titrated with a standardised solution of ammonium iron(II) sulphate. Results are presented for the titration of ten quinones and it has been established that any quinone, which forms part of a couple whose formal electrode potential in the aqueous alcoholic mixed fluoride solution is not less than +0·24 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode, can be determined. These quinones include almost all of the 1,4-benzoquinones, 1,2-benzoquinones and phenanthraquinones, many naphthaquinones, but only a few anthraquinones.

Batch preparation of rabbit γG globulin with DEAE-cellulose

A rapid method for the preparatoin of γG globulin of specified purity from rabbit serum by a single batch absorption with DEAE-cellulose is described. The percentage purity of the product depends upon the quantity of DEAE-cellulose used per ml serum. The content of contaminating proteins was determined by semiquantitative scans of disc electrophoresis patterns or of immunodiffusion lines. The recovery of cytolytic antibody activity is compared with that obtained by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The procedure is very effective in reducing the anticomplementary activity ofwhole antisera or of whole γ-globulin. A rapid method for regeneration of used DEAE-cellulose is given.

Calculation and presentation of pork muscle colour from reflectance spectra

AbstractPale and dark longissimus dorsi muscle samples with the surface pigments predominantly in the reduced, oxygenated, or oxidised form, were used to determine the effects of the shape and position of the reflection spectra on four mathematical techniques for expressing colour in C.I.E. terminology.No significant differences in the computation of tristimulus values were obtained by the weighted ordinate method, using 5 and 10 nm intervals, and the thirty and ten point selected ordinate method. The latter method provides a quick and convenient method of calculation. A chart has been constructed for the direct conversion of x and y co‐ordinates to dominant wavelength (λd) and percentage purity values, the x/y calculation for λd being read to less than 1 ran and for purity to less than 1%.A nomogram to convert C.I.E. brightness (Y tristimulus value) to Munsell value has been produced for the 10‐40Y range; it has an error of less than 3%. A series of four charts has been prepared, with which muscle colour, calculated in terms of C.I.E., can be defined in Munsell notation. The conversion error is maintained below visually perceptible steps. These charts extend the usefulness of reflection spectrophotometers in measuring the colour of pork.

Purification and Properties of Urease Derived from Hydrated Seeds of Jack Bean, Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC.

Urease from jack bean meal and hydrated seeds has been obtained in 25 to 33% yield with specific activity in the range of 1000 to 1070 units/mg protein. A purification of 100 to 130-fold was achieved from meal and fully soaked seeds. Use of beta-mercaptoethanol and EDTA was found essential to obtain this high yield and purity. Amino acid analysis showed all 18 amino acids commonly found in proteins. Electrophoresis of urease from soaked seeds (specific activity: 1025 units/mg protein) on a starch-gel block showed 2 peaks. Upon ultracentrifugation of urease samples having a low specific activity (less than 25% pure), the major portion of the urease was probably present in a peak having a sedimentation value of 11 to 12. With relatively pure samples (55-100% pure). S values in the range of 18 to 20 and 24 to 26 were obtained. Usually the purest samples of urease tested without any prior storage lacked the 24 to 26 S peak or the higher polymeric forms. The percentage areas under none of the ultracentrifuge peaks corresponded to the percentage purity of the sample analyzed. It is argued that the physical state of urease in the cell when associated with other seed proteins is as yet uncertain. In crude extracts, a portion of urease exists in a 12 S form but so far data on its origin and specific activity in relation to other species of urease are not available.

Evaluation of sugar beet storage practices by using the percentage purity of the "thin juice"

Evaluation of sugar beet storage practices by using the percentage purity of the "thin juice"

Some effects of semolina lipoxidase activity on macaroni quality

SummaryIt has been established that durum wheats contain lipoxidase and that the presence of this enzyme is responsible for the low correlation between the pigment content of semolina and the color of macaroni. By taking account of the lipoxidase factor and using a multiple regression equation, it is possible to predict macaroni pigment or percentage of purity of macaroni from measurement of semolina reflectance, semolina pigment, or wheat pigment.

The Chemical Composition of Commercially Available Fluorine Compounds

A survey of the chemical composition of the commercially available fluorine compounds was made. Fifty-seven samples of fifteen different materials were received from sixteen different sources. The percentage purity of these compounds in general was of a high order. The principal fluorine compounds that are now used as insecticides are sodium fluoride, sodium fluosilicate, barium fluosilicate, sodium fluoaluminate, potassium fluoaluminate and “calcium fluosilicate compound.” A few years ago some of these compounds were unavailable. Others were variable in composition, and their high density and other physical properties made them ill-suited for spraying and especially for dusting. At the present time, however, pure fluorine compounds are available, and their physical properties have been improved by admixture of silica and in other ways so that they are quite satisfactory for spraying and dusting purposes.