Purification Plant Research Articles

Evaluation of the Effects of Temperature and Ion Concentration Variables on Sedimentation of Magnesium and Barium Phosphates in Aqueous Media

Sedimentation studies have the possibility of providing profile curves and other vital parameters useful for modeling two-phase flow operations and dimensioning of clarification tanks in water purification plants.

Assessment of Seasonal Changes in Water Chemistry of the Ridracoli Water Reservoir (Italy): Implications for Water Management

The Ridracoli artificial basin is the main water reservoir of the Emilia-Romagna region (Northeast Italy). The reservoir was made by construction of a dam on the Bidente River in 1982. It is used as the main drinking water supply of the region and for hydropower production. The physical and chemical parameterseters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen) of shallow water are continuously monitored whereas vertical depth profiles of water chemical data (major anions and cations, as well as heavy metals) are available on a bimonthly base. The dataset used in this research is related to the years 2015 and 2016. Data show that the reservoir is affected by an alternation of water stratification and mixing processes due to seasonal change in water temperature, density, and the reservoir water level. In late summer and winter months, the water column is stratified with anoxic conditions at the bottom. During the spring, on the other hand, when storage is at its maximum, water recirculation and mixing occur. The reservoir is characterized by a dynamic system in which precipitation, dissolution, and adsorption processes at the bottom affect water quality along the reservoir depth column. The temperature stratification and anoxic conditions at the reservoir bottom influence the concentration and mobility of some heavy metals (i.e., Fe and Mn) and, consequently, the quality of water that reaches the treatment and purification plant. This study is relevant for water resource management of the reservoir. Assessing the seasonal changes in water quality along the reservoir water column depth is fundamental to plan water treatment operations and optimize their costs. The reservoir assessment allows one to identify countermeasures to avoid or overcome the high concentrations of heavy metals and the stratification problem (i.e., artificial mixing of the water column, new water intakes at different depths operating at different times of the year, blowers, etc.).

Tritium safety and confinement loop design of tritium plant in a FPP

Abstract The future commercial fusion power plant (FPP) is designed to achieve massive electricity production. It will operate in steady-state and keep tritium self-sufficiency by breeding and recycling tritium produced and unburned through tritium plant which has to deal with much larger amounts of tritium than ever before. In this contribution, preliminary conceptual design of FPP tritium plant is proposed and its tritium inventory is calculated. Specialized and separated configurations of isotope separation systems (ISS) and heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC), module design of detritiation systems and integral Helium Purification Plant (HPP) may benefit fast tritium recycling for continuous operation and tritium self-sufficiency and reduce complexity or cost to meet the commercial requirements of the future FPP. To keep tritium release below the regulatory limit, tritium safety and confinement loop for FPP tritium plant has been designed consisting of HVAC, Vent/Air Detritiation System (V/ADS), Glovebox Detritiation System (GDS), Water Detritiation System (WDS), Emergency Detritiation System (EDS) and HPP. Operating parameters of tritium safety and confinement loop subsystems are also briefly introduced in this paper. Preliminary evaluation shows that great challenge still exists in the state of the art of detritiation technologies.

DEVELOPMENT OF PID LIKE FLC ALGORITHM FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

Now a day, in many industries different types of controllers (PD, PID, PLC, FLC etc.) are used. One of them is fuzzy logic controller. Here we develop a PID like fuzzy logic controller for industrial application, such application is water purification plant. For developing the PID like FLC, first we have to design a PID algorithm than we develop an algorithm for fuzzy logic controller. By comparing this two of controller we will develop a PID like FLC. A simple PID controller is sum of three type of controller proportional, integral and derivative controller, after simulated on MATLAB. Same cases we can be develop a structure of FLC for water purification plant. In the water purification plant raw water or ground water is promptly purified by injecting chemical rates at rates, related to water quality [13][2]. The feed of chemical rate judged and determined by the skilled operator. Here we try to develop an FLC algorithm so that the feed rate of coagulant is can be judged automatically without any skilled operator, than compose a PID like FLC for water purification plant process.

Water Treatment Facilities as Civil Engineering Heritage from Guardian of Urban Sanitation to Symbol of Urban Colonial Modernity, in the Case of Ttukdo (Seoul) Water Purification Plant

Ttukdo Water Purification Plant, built in 1908, is the first modern waterworks facility in Seoul and the first waterworks industrial heritage in Korea. Modern waterworks were established in order to resolve insanitary conditions of the city as a part of modernization projects; however, it had been developed with discrimination and colonial domination under Japanese occupation. This paper investigates how Ttukdo Water Purification Plant, a product of colonial modernity, became the representative modern waterworks heritage in both aspects of a colonial and civil engineering heritage. Based on archival research, this study analyzes the transformation process of Ttukdo Water Purification Plant, and the changing meaning and value with the historical background. As a result, Ttukdo Water Purification Plant has been characterized by the universal features of water industry heritage, continuity as a facility to produce clean water, and symbolic meaning as the guardian of urban sanitation. On the other hand, Ttukdo plant is regarded as a monument which was conceived under complicated historical conditions—at the confluence of modernization, colonial rule, and emergent urban needs.

CONFORMIDAD DE LAVANDINAS COMERCIALES Y ESTABILIDAD DE DILUCIONES 1G/L UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES FUENTES DE AGUA POTABLE

Introduction and objectives: In the context of COVID-19, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of extemporaneously prepared bleach solutions of 1 g/L, as a conservative concentration able to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and the vast majority of other pathogens that may be present in the healthcare setting. Consequently, there is a renewed interest in conducting stability studies of these solutions. The goal of this work was to verify the available chlorine concentration in several bleach solutions trademarks and to propose a beyond use date for 1 g/L bleach solutions, obtained after dilution with drinking water from different sources. Methods: Bleach trademarks, with nominal concentrations between 25-60 g/L, were subjected to iodometric titration to determine the available chlorine concentration. One trademark was used to prepare 1 g/L dilutions using water from different purification plants in Córdoba, Argentina. The samples were stored at room-temperature, both exposed or protected from light. The available chlorine concentration was determined by titration at preestablished time intervals. The beyond use date was reached when the available chlorine concentration dropped below 90 % of its initial. Results: The concentration of active chlorine in the different trademark bleaches was within the values established by current regulations. Diluted solutions protected from light showed a decrease of less than 10 % in active chlorine concentration during the first 10 days of assay. However, one sample exceeded the acceptance limit after 14 days. In contrast, in the samples exposed to light, the concentration of active chlorine dropped to 96.4 % at 24 hours and 79.3 % after 48 hours. No differences related to drinking water sources were observed. Conclusions: Compliance of the nominal available chlorine concentration in trademark bleach solutions was confirmed. Regardless the water source used for dilution, 1 g/L bleach solutions were stable for 10 days when stored at room temperature and protected from light. Instead, solutions exposed to light maintain their available chlorine concentration for only 24 hours.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭВТРОФИРОВАНИЯ МАЛЫХ РЕК РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Purpose: to determine the impact of phosphorus content in water on the degree of eutrophication of small rivers Grushevka and Tuzlov in the area of Novocherkassk. Materials and methods. The data obtained as a result of the reconnaissance survey of small rivers in the area of Novocherkassk and laboratory studies were used as research materials. The assessment of the mass concentration of phosphates in water was carried out according to the RD 52.24.382-2006 method “Mass concentration of phosphates and polyphosphates in waters. Photometric Measurement Method”. Subsequently, the materials were processed by the method of system analysis and empirical generalization, an integrated approach to the study of measures to determine the degree of eutrophication of small rivers was applied, the works of Russian authors who had previously studied this problem were studied by method of comparison and generalization of data. Results. The concentration of phosphorus in water is often used as a criterion for the degree of eutrophication of rivers. Small rivers of Rostov region – the Tuzlov and the Grushevka are water bodies of the highest category of fishery significance. In the area of Novocherkassk they are subject to high eutrophication, which is caused by the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater by the purification plants of LLC “PС “Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Works” and the Kadamovskaya treatment facilities. Under the conditions of a drying out climate and a decrease in the discharge of these rivers, the discharge of nutrients in such concentrations can lead to their complete degradation. Conclusions. The rivers Grushevka and Tuzlov in Novocherkassk area are subject to high eutrophication. The main reason is the discharge of wastewater from the LLC “PС “Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Works” and the Kadamovskaya treatment facilities, which are insufficiently purified from phosphorus compounds. Filtration fields of treatment facilities cannot cope with the retention of phosphorus compounds, and additional measures are required to clean the discharged water.

城镇净水厂排泥水膜法回收技术研究

城镇净水厂排泥水膜法回收技术研究

Evaluation Indexes for Deterioration Condition and Maintenance Management System for Water Purification Plant

水道施設の老朽化と維持管理に関する指標として，法定耐用年数超過率・経年経過率のほか，職員数などの人的資源，給水収益などの金銭的資源に関する指標を取り上げ，検討・分析を行った．その結果，給水人口規模が大きくなるにつれ，法定耐用年数超過率・経年経過率が大きくなり，施設能力あたりの職員数や給水収益も多く確保されていることがわかった．また，人的・金銭的資源が増加している事業体には，施設能力を減少させている，稼働率を上昇させている，受水比率を上昇させている，などの特徴があることがわかった．さらに，広域化，官民連携を実施した事業体では法定耐用年数超過率が改善していること，金銭的資源の確保の傾向が見られること，広域化事業体と官民連携事業体では人的資源の確保についての考え方が異なることが示唆された．

Approach of Water Purification Technology Succession in Niigata City -Utilization of Skill Map for Improvement of Operation Management Technology of Water Purification Plant-

Approach of Water Purification Technology Succession in Niigata City -Utilization of Skill Map for Improvement of Operation Management Technology of Water Purification Plant-

Development of a New Evaluation Method for Trihalomethane Maximum Formation Potential in Drinking Water and Survey of Nagasawa Water Purification Plant in Kawasaki City

Development of a New Evaluation Method for Trihalomethane Maximum Formation Potential in Drinking Water and Survey of Nagasawa Water Purification Plant in Kawasaki City

ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ УСТАНОВОК ОЧИЩЕННЯ ГАЗІВ, ЩО МІСТЯТЬ ОРГАНІЧНІ СПОЛУКИ

The article analyzes the current state and perspectives of the modernization of existing plants for the purification of the technological gases from organic impurities. It has been shown that the main technical solution for organizing such purification since the 90s is the installation of thermocatalytic equipment. According to the design documentation, the efficiency of purification from organic compounds has to be about 90 %. Such plants are still in operation, but they are ineffective because of a number of reasons. With the involvement of qualified specialists from the Research Institute of the SE "UkrNTTS "Energostal", an assessment was made of the current state of the operating gas purification plants, in particular, the thermocatalytic gas purification units (GPU) from organic impurities at a number of coke-chemical plants. The survey was accompanied by technical consultations in order to bring the operation of the existing units to the design parameters. Assessment of the current state of the facilities showed that they do not operate in design regimes and that bringing them to design indicators will require significant capital expenditures. A detailed analysis of this problems shows that under the current conditions it is practically impossible to ensure the trouble-free operation of such a plants. Recommendations have been formulated for the alternative processes for sanitary cleaning of gases from organic compounds by gases gathering in global collector and involvement in industry recycling, based on examples of foreign and domestic analogues (including implemented on PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih"). The issues have been touched upon the application of the domestic experience of implementation of more advanced thermocatalytic gas purification units. As an example of the operation of such a plant, a gas purification system with a capacity of 1300 m3 /h from a pitch granulation plant implemented at PJSC “ZAPOROZHKOKS” has been given.

The intensification of water purification plant work

The results of studies of the main technological parameters of the process of water clarification with coagulant based on natural mineral raw materials are presented.

Multi-objective optimization of high-sulfur natural gas purification plant

There exists large space to save energy of high-sulfur natural gas purification process. The multi-objective optimization problem has been investigated to effectively reduce the total comprehensive energy consumption and further improve the production rate of purified gas. A steady-state simulation model of high-sulfur natural gas purification process has been set up by using ProMax. Seven key operating parameters of the purification process have been determined based on the analysis of comprehensive energy consumption distribution. To solve the problem that the process model does not converge in some conditions, back-propagation (BP) neural network has been applied to substitute the simulation model to predict the relative parameters in the optimization model. The uniform design method and the table U21 (107) have been applied to design the experiment points for training and testing BP model. High prediction accuracy can be achieved by using the BP model. Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II has been developed to optimize the two objectives, and 100 Pareto optimal solutions have been obtained. Three optimal points have been selected and evaluated further. The results demonstrate that the total comprehensive energy consumption is reduced by 13.4% and the production rate of purified gas is improved by 0.2% under the optimized operating conditions.

The development of industrial secure L2 switch and introduction example for management and security improvement of supervisory control network in purification plant

The development of industrial secure L2 switch and introduction example for management and security improvement of supervisory control network in purification plant

Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Tanaman Penjernih Udara di Lingkungan SMA/SMK/Sederajat Kecamatan Rengel dan Plumpang Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur

Tujuan program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk membantu dan meningkatkan upaya konservasi lingkungan yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan terarah bagi sekolah di kawasan karst dalam mewujudkan lingkungan yang sehat bebas polusi udara. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra adalah kurangnya partisipasi sekolah di kawasan karst untuk menangani volume debu yang meningkat pada musim kemarau yang dapat mengganggu kegiatan belajar mengajar. Partisipasi sekolah yang rendah disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan siswa dan guru akan tanaman penjernih udara yang dapat ditanam di lingkungan sekolah. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mitra sekolah sebagai langkah awal yaitu dengan diadakannya workshop pengenalan kawasan karst dan jenis tanaman yang bermanfaat sebagai penjernih udara. Pelakasanaan workshop yang telah dilakukan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa-siswi dan guru mengenai kondisi lingkungan sekolah, jenis-jenis tanaman penjernih udara, dan pemanfaatan bahan bekas untuk media tanam. Hasil monitoring menunjukkan bahwa sekolah mitra yaitu SMAN 1 Rengel dan SMAN 1 Plumpang sudah menerapkan hasil workshop, yaitu dengan penanaman berbagai macam tanaman penjernih udara dengan memanfaatkan bahan bekas sebagai media tanam sehingga dapat tercapai lingkungan yang asri dan konservasi lingkungan di sekolah kawasan karst berjalan dengan baik.

Scenario-Based Water Purification Plant LCC Analysis for Strategic Asset Management

Recently, strategic asset management (SAM) for water infrastructure has emerged in Korea and abroad. Strategic asset management requires measures to predict the costs that may occur during a facility's life cycle, addressing them with minimal maintenance costs through timely budget injections. In this study, life cycle cost (LCC) analysis was performed by setting up scenarios for maintenance costs and analysis period changes that may occur during a facility's life cycle by dividing water purification facilities into 13 sections and 42 divisions. As a result of the application of the scenario, the maintenance costs incurred by the filtering facility were maximized. In addition, as the initial repair time for each water treatment facility was advanced, maintenance costs increased from a section perspective, but items decreased from a detailed perspective. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to adjust the appropriate timing of repair and replacement processes to develop strategic asset management measures in the future. Keywords: Life Cycle Cost, Asset management, Water Purification Facility

Efficiency improvement, consumption reduction and optimization of high-sulfur natural gas sweetening units

To increase purified gas production and reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of high-sulfur natural gas sweetening unit, a process simulation model was established by using ProMax based on the field operation data in the Sinopec Puguang Natural Gas Purification Plant. Then, sensitivity analysis and optimization study were carried out on the main operating parameters, including circulation rates, the concentrations and the inlet temperatures of primary and secondary absorption towers of MDEA (methyldiethanolamine) solutions. Furthermore, the effects of reduction of the feed gas load and pressure and increasement of H2S content on the quality and yield rates of purified gas were analyzed under the optimized operating conditions with the actual field situations. And the following research results were obtained. First, the absorption selectivity of MDEA solutions can be improved by decreasing the circulation rates, concentrations and inlet temperatures of MDEA solutions, which is favorable for the increase of the yield rates of purified gas. Specifically, the circulation rate of MDEA solution is the main factor influencing the comprehensive energy consumption of a high-sulfur natural gas sweetening unit. Second, when the flow rate, pressure and H2S content of feed gas fluctuate, the purification requirements can be satisfied under the optimized operating conditions. Third, energy conservation under low flow rates of feed gas can be achieved by reducing the flow rates of regenerated steam and adjusting the position of MDEA solutions entering the secondary absorption tower. Fourth, as H2S content is increased by 1%, it is necessary to increase the circulation rate of MDEA solution by about 20 × 103 kg/h. Fifth, after parameter optimization, the yield rate of purified gas is increased by 0.5% and the comprehensive energy consumption is reduced by 19.1% under the operating condition of full load.

The influence of meteorological and hydrological factors on the operation and performance of a semi-natural rainwater purification plant

The influence of meteorological and hydrological factors on the operation and performance of a semi-natural rainwater purification plant

Social Significance of Technical Water Purification and Treatment Plants – on the Cusp of New Functions of the technical Service Buildings of Cities

Departure from environmentally unfriendly public attitudes and the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the management of natural resources among the residents of cities lead to pro-environmental design efforts—including planning and urban-design-related ones, for the shaping of urban structures. One of the elements of cities that, on the one hand, stir public emotions and on the other constitute an inseparable element of the urban organism, are structures that provide technical services to cities. Examples of these structures include wastewater treatment and water purification plants. The goal of this article is an attempt at finding an answer to the question about what role do wastewater treatment and water purification plants currently play in the structure of Polish cities and what other roles can they play. Particular emphasis was placed on the public reception of such structures. Based on Polish cases, this reception appears to most often be either neutral or negative. The author explores the mechanism of these reactions and their causes, particularly in reference to other structures that provide technical services to cities (e.g. eco-incineration plants, whose construction is faced with intense opposition from residents in Polish conditions almost every time). The author searches for an answer to the question about the cause of public opposition to the construction of these types of structures, and whether we can—and if so, then how—prevent such public attitudes in relation to these types of structures.