Waste Purification Research Articles

A functionalized nanocomposite adsorbent for the sequential removal of radioactive iodine and cobalt ions in aqueous media

The need for efficient remediation of the radioactive waste caused by undesirable nuclear accidents and overspending of radionuclides has gained worldwide attention, with extensive recent efforts made to protect the environment from radioactive contamination. Although various treatment processes for the removal of radionuclides and the purification of liquid waste have been reported, the development of a better decontamination method is still necessary for obtaining enhanced desalination performances. Herein, we report a dual-functional composite adsorbent composed of a cellulose acetate membrane as a solid support, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and a metal chelating agent which can potentially be used to efficiently remove radioactive iodine and cobalt. In the desalination experiments, the sorption membrane was able to remove cobalt ions rapidly in water. Isotherm data shows that approximately 180 Co2+ atoms were captured per AuNP. Next, the same material was used for the adsorption of iodide anions. Within a few minutes, more than 99% of radioactive iodine was removed even in the presence of other ion species. These findings clearly demonstrate that the desalination method presented in here provides a useful approach for the sequential removal of toxic metal and halogen species in aqueous media.

Извлечение никеля из имитаторов пульп никелевого производства в процессе газофазной конверсии

A new approach to Ni removal from simulators of dump waste product of the industrial waste purification of the wet gas-cleaning plant and the copper electrolysis workshop at the Copper Plant (Polar branch PJSC MMC «Norilsk Nickel») is proposed. The method is based on gas-phase treatment of waste product with NOХ, HNO3, or NH3 vapors, followed by dissolution of Ni salt in water. It has been found out that using nitrating media, containing HNO3 (vapor), NOX and H2O (vapor), allowed us to perform the effective leaching of nickel from the pulp simulator volume. A possible disadvantage of the method is a simultaneous leaching of considerable amounts of calcium and sulfur.

Purification of Sulfur Waste Under Hydrothermal Conditions

Large scale of sulfuric acid production leads to huge amount of solid state industrial waste, which is stored in landfill sites and may cause many environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to characterize the sulfur waste and to determine the optimal conditions of sulfur regeneration from waste under hydrothermal conditions.Therefore the recovery of elemental sulfur from waste (waste product of sulfuric acid production) was investigated. Samples were examined by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). It was determined that the used material mainly consisted of sulfur (86.3%), calcium (6.9%), iron (4%) and silicon (2.3%). The primary methods and conditions of waste preparation for further treatment were determined. It was established that sulfur and impurities (e.g. quartz, calcium compounds) can be separated by applying rapid cooling procedure after hydrothermal treatment. Most efficient conditions of sulfur waste purification were determined and the maximum obtained yield of purification was 97.35%.

Separation of Radionuclides from Spent Decontamination Fluids via Adsorption onto Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes after Photocatalytic Degradation.

A one-step process combining the photocatalytic degradation of radionuclide complexes and the adsorption of liberated radionuclides on titanium dioxide nanotubes was developed and tested for the purification of aqueous waste produced from chemical decontamination of nuclear power plant circuit components. Among the tested forms of TiO2, only nanotubes exhibit both high photocatalytic activity and sorption ability, which support their application in a one-step purification process. The obtained results indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of complexes followed by the sorption of the radionuclides onto TiO2 nanotubes offers a promising route for treating spent decontamination fluids.

Baromembrane technologies for purification of industrial wastes, using pulse water treatment

Baromembrane technologies for purification of industrial wastes, using pulse water treatment

Water safety: management, perception and health implications in Santa agricultural area, North-West Region, Cameroon

ABSTRACT Santa agricultural area is a key production site for crops in Cameroon. This study aimed to look at the risk factors, knowledge and health implications of water pollution across 10 villages, in the area: 140 water points were visited and questionnaires randomly administered to water users, while health data were collected from the two local hospitals. Water sources are tap, stream, rain, well and spring and the water is used for agriculture, domestic activities, hygiene and sanitation. Pesticide pollution was illustrated by activities such as spraying, mixing and management of waste containers and purification methods are chlorination, boiling, sedimentation, filtration and refrigeration. Waterborne diseases are cholera, typhoid (the most prevalent), diarrhea, dysentery and skin diseases. Many water sources are close to toilets, farms and dumping sites. We found that 75% of respondents were not satisfied with the quality of water. Our results will be interest for water management, and to educate users on the risks linked to current practices.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENJERNIHAN LIMBAH CAIR UNIT PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI GULA (STUDI KASUS PG XYZ)

The Liquid waste sugar industry can cause pollution in the waters due to contamination, deoxygenation by pollutants and strong odors caused by biodegradation of waste in the form of hydrogen sulfide gas. Liquid sugar industry wastes can increase the levels of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) in the waters so that handling of these wastes is needed. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence each stage of the waste treatment process so that wastewater treatment can run effectively and efficiently. The results showed that the factors that could influence the purification of liquid waste were pH, temperature, discharge of wastewater, and active sludge content. The pH value of inlet of wastewater that can be tolerated is between 7-9 with a maximum temperature of 40oC with a debitt of wastewater in the aeration pond a maximum of 120 m3 / hour and a condition of active sludge volume of 30-40%..

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM THE RESIDUES OF IMPREGNATING SOLUTION

The paper Describes the process of cleaning liquid waste from the remnants of washing process equipment for the production of technical fabrics impregnated with synthetic fibers contaminated with impregnating solution using coagulants, flocculants, sorbents and filtrating materials. The problems of application of reagents for flocculation and coagulation and filtration of wastewater in modern conditions of anthropogenic pollution are considered. The main stages of liquid waste purification from pollutants are considered. The choice of modern reagents is made, their doses for decrease in turbidity of washing waters are defined.

Socio Economic Aspects of Lowland Bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica )

Bamboo Plays a vital role in environmental amelioration, biodiversity preservation, and soil conservation and protects other plants from frost, wind and water erosion and itself from freely moving speedy winds and frost. It also contributes to flood management, wastage disposal, waste purification and ecological sanitation as well as recharging groundwater. Bamboo sequesters up to 12 tons of carbon dioxide from the air per hectare and it release 35% more oxygen than equivalent stands of trees. Despite the large area coverage, economic, social and conservation significance of bamboo in Ethiopia, information about production, utilization and its use as forage for livestock is limited. Therefore, the present review was conducted with the objectives of generating holistic information socio-economic aspects of the indigenous low land bamboo species. The primary use of raw bamboo material is for housing, fencing, household equipment’s and amenities. The majority of rural families are entirely dependent on raw bamboo for household furniture and as a source of domestic energy and Bamboo is the main material for the construction of house, animal sheds fences, fuel wood and beehives in Asossa Zone, Benshangul-Gumuz Region. In addition, for Jeblawi people of Mandura district in this Region, the shoots of bamboo are very important for their delicious nutritional food sources. Keywords: socio economic, oxytenanthera abyssinica DOI: 10.7176/JPID/54-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Ecological aspects of modernization of alcohol industry enterprises at the present stage of development

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries,leads to the formation of huge amounts of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific color and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) conducting the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.

Purification of acid-alkaline waste of annual production with the use of innovative reagents

Purification of acid-alkaline waste of annual production with the use of innovative reagents

Assessment of zinc ferrite nanocrystals for removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu radionuclides from nitric acid solution

Purification of waste and contaminated water using safe and cost-effective methods is a global and local endeavor. The present work investigates the capability of zinc ferrite (ZFO) nanoparticles (NPs) as superior absorbents to eliminate the radionuclides from radioactive waste. The facile and eco-friendly sol–gel technique was utilized to synthesize ZFO NPs. The ZFO NPs are characterized via energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The EDX and FTIR analyses confirm the chemical composition and modes of the cubic ZFO phase. The FullProf Suite software is employed to analyze the XRD data via Rietveld refinement. The Williamson–Hall (W–H) method is used to determine the average crystallite size of ZFO NPs which found around 40.7 nm. SEM micrograph illustrates that ZFO NPs have a porous nature. Also, the TEM image exhibits that the ZFO NPs hold particles in the nanoscale range with a spherical form. Furthermore, the ZFO NPs show a superparamagnetic nature and have a semiconductor bandgap. Sorption behavior of 134Cs and 152+154Eu radionuclides in HNO3 acid medium was investigated using the batch technique. The obtained results indicated that the selectivity of 152+154Eu radionuclides is higher than 134Cs at acidic medium. The sorption kinetics results follow the pseudo-second-order model. The results obtained show that the adsorbent, ZFO, is an effective adsorbent for the removal of 134Cs and 152+154Eu radionuclides from the nitric acid medium.

Use of Probiotic Preparations in Waste Waters Cleaning of Agricultural Enterprises

The main cause of pollution of water basins is the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage into water bodies by industrial enterprises, utilities and agriculture. There are environmental problems in many enterprises of the country engaged in the production and processing of agricultural products. The article analyzes the results of research on the use of the Microbiological Cleaning System in model experiments. According to the results of model experiments, the optimal concentration of use of the drug was determined. Based on the results of the research, we propose the use of the Microbiological Purification System for pre-treatment of wastewater, even in the case of heavy pollution. Agriculture is an industry that is a source of environmental pollution. Purification of hazardous waste in enterprises can be accomplished through the introduction of biotechnology using probiotic preparations. The use of probiotics in the field of wastewater treatment is a relatively new direction that does not have much knowledge. The prospect of probiotic preparations for wastewater treatment is now being studied by many authors. As a result of the research, it was noted that the probiotic preparation intensifies the processes of biological wastewater treatment, which allows significantly reducing the intensity of odor and color of wastewater. As a result of the research conducted, the prospect of using probiotic preparations has been established.

REGULARITIES OF EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEMS COMPONENTS ON INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The development of analysis and synthesis of energy-saving technics of industrial enterprises on the basis of technological processes properties is of special interest nowadays. This article aiming at treat-ment facilities design methods is an example of scientific approach to this problem. The main design blocks are: innovative technologies and resource-saving equipment block; solvent and dissolved com- 134 ponent of quality-control system; environmental and economic efficiency of evaluation system. On the basis of liquid systems separation by capillary-porous walls mechanism studying by technological calcu-lation of industrial wastes separation was considered. Diaphragmal methods accompanied by gel layer formation are studied. This evaluation is likely to allow effective technological regime choice and effec-tive technological process regime determination. In the article, technological calculation and compara-tive analysis of different types of polymeric anisotropic diaphragm application are given for concentra-tion, separation and purification of industrial wastes. The influence of concentration polarization on wa-ter-ingredient system data change and diaphragm permeability change depending on solved substance concentration and pressure on the diaphragm is shown.

Floating macrophytes efficiency for removing of heavy metals and phenol from wastewaters

This study evaluates the use of free floating aquatic macrophytes (Lemna gibba L., Lemnaceae. and Pistia stratiotes L., Araceae) for the treatment and purification of waste polluted water in a laboratory experiment. The results revealed that Lemna gibba L. has a higher removal efficiency reached to about 88 % for the tested heavy metals and phenol from the waste polluted water, while Pistia stratiotes L. has a removal efficiency reached to about 83% for heavy metals and phenol. They are considered good models in assessing Eco- toxicity and efficiency for toxins removal from polluted environment and wastewater purification and treatment.

Комплексне очищення промислових фенольних стічних вод з використанням адсорбентів з природної сировини

There has been presented the data on the composition of natural clays in order to select the optimum adsorbent in the technology of extracting from the liquid waste of the coke-chemical enterprise PRAT DKHZ in the city of Kamyanske phenols, rhodanides and ammonia. The advantages of the use of natural adsorbent glauconite in combination with cation flocculant CW 3279 in the complex purification of coke-chemical waste from phenols, rhodanides and ammonia are grounded, which are then fed to an active sludge with phenol- and rhodandestructive microorganisms. The process of activation of natural minerals — glauconite and zeolite with hydrochloric acid 7% HCl in the ratio of mineral sorbent: acid solution is used as 1: 6. The process of adsorption removal of phenols, rhodanides and ammonia from industrial wastewater in a laboratory installation with a stirrer with the use of glauconite, zeolite, bentonite, sunflower husk in the native form is explored; acid-activated zeolite and glauconite at doses of 2 g/dm3; bentonite and glauconite in combination with cation flocculant CW 3279 in volume of 5 ml/dm3 in the time interval 60—120 min. It has been experimentally determined that the most effective removal of phenols in industrial effluents from 410,74 mg/dm3 to 207,68 mg/dm3 occurs when using glauconite with cation flocculant CW 3279. It was investigated that when applying acid-activated zeolite with a dose of 2 g/dm3 and time contacting 120 min, reduction of the concentration of total ammonia from 1192,10 mg/dm3 to 340,60 mg/dm3, glauconite with cation flocculant CW 3279 — up to 510,90 mg/dm3 is provided. Degree of purification from rhodanide-ions by acid-activated zeolite has been reached in 1,5 times, whereas in the application of glauconite with cationic flocculant CW 3279 in 1,2 times. The regularities of adsorption extraction of phenols from model solutions have been established, which makes it possible to reduce their content from 1151,57 mg/dm3 to 355,36 mg/dm3 by glauconite in combination with cationic flocculant CW 3279 in the interval of 40—120 min. It is recommended to use glauconite at a dose of 2 g/dm3 in combination with cation flocculant CW 3279 — 5 ml/dm3 for 120 min drainage treatment. The sediment that is accumulated in the process of cleaning liquid waste is proposed to be processed and used as a binder in the paverment production.

Hydrophobization of bleaching clay used for purification of waste frying oils

The paper presents the results of research on the possibility of carrying out the hydrophobization process of bleaching clay Jeltar 100 and the usage of such modified sorbents for purification of waste frying oils. The hydrophobization process was carried out with the usage stearic acid solutions with organic solvents. The hydrophobization degree of modified sorbent was determined. Utility properties of the hydrophobic sorbent were evaluated in contact with waste frying oils. It has been proved that the properties of the sorbent Jeltar 100 (raw material) after the hydrophobization process are improved. The density of frying oil after the purification process decreases. The acid value of the purified oil decreases significantly when the hydrophobic Jeltar 100/5 (material after modification) was used. The greater increase is observed in iodine value for oil purified by sorbent Jeltar 100/5. Peroxide value of oil after its purification increases to the value obtained for waste frying oil, however, in the case of the sorbent Jeltar 100/5 increase in this parameter is reduced. It has been found that the hydrophobized sorbent absorbs a smaller amount of liquid products from crude oil than the raw sorbent. The hydrophobization process improves both the adsorption and mechanical properties of the sorbent Jeltar 100. Hydrophobic bleaching clay has better dispersion in volume of purified oil that results in improvement in oil regeneration.

DIAGNOSTICS OF ECOSAFETY REGIONS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The article reveals the essence of environmentally safety development of the region. An analysis of the ecological situation in the regions of Ukraine is carried out on the basis of indicators of air pollution, water purification and utilization of solid and hazardous wastes. A number of measures have been proposed to improve the status of at-mospheric air, water objects, outlines ways of solving the problem of waste utilization in the regions of Ukraine.

Relative Coagulation Potentials of Aluminum Sulphate and Mangifera indica Seeds in Purifying Domestic Waste Water

The high cost of most chemical coagulants and their non-availability coupled with their negative health impacts necessitates the use of natural or bio-coagulants. This study compares the effectiveness of using powdered extract from matured dried Mangifera indica (M. indica) seeds (bio-coagulant) with Aluminum sulphate (alum, chemical coagulant) for the coagulation of domestic waste water. The treatments include: control culture (no coagulant is added), 150 mg/L of alum, 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L of M. indica seeds. All the treatments were cultured in 15-litres buckets. The experiment was design based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated 3times. Physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of the domestic sewage were determined before and after the application of the coagulants on weekly basis. Results show that for turbidity, at the point of collection, the value was 013NTU was reduced to a minimum value of 001NTU for both 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L of M. indica seeds treatments. The Total Hardness at the point of collection was 2.73 mg/L; the highest value during the period of study was 5.30 mg/L at the fifth week for the alum treatment, followed by 4.37 at the fourth week for 100 mg/L of M. indica seeds treatment. The study showed that M. indica seeds powder perform very well as a bio-coagulant and be used as a replacement for alum or any other chemical coagulant in the purification of domestic waste water.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 2, 2017, page:26-38

An investigation on the capability of magnetically separable Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite for refinery oily wastewater purification

Damage to the water resources and environment as a consequence of oil production and use of fossil fuels, has increased the need for applying various technologies and developing effective materials to remove contaminates from oily wastewaters resources. One of the challenges for an economic industrial wastewater treatment is separation and reusability of the developed purifying agents. Development of magnetic materials could potentially facilitate easier and more economic separation of purifying agents. Therefore, herein we have synthesised an efficient and easily recyclable Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite using a hydrothermal process to investigate its purification capability for wastewater from Kermanshah oil refinery. The synthesised Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite was characterised using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, XRF and BET analysis. XRD result showed that the synthesised Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite comprised sodium aluminium silicate hydrate phase [01-072-7919, Na8(Al6Si30O72)(H2O)9.04] and cubic iron oxide phase [04-013-9808, Fe3O4]. Response Surface Method (RSM) combined with Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to identify the optimum operation parameters of the pollutant removal process. The effect of pH, contact time and Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite amount on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) were investigated. It was found that pH was the most significant factor influencing COD and BOD removal but the quantity of Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite was the most influential factor on the turbidity removal capacity. The optimum removal process conditions were identified to be pH of 7.81, contact time of 15.8 min and Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite amount of 0.52% w/w. The results show that the regenerated Fe3O4/mordenite zeolite can be reused for five consecutive cycles in purification of petroleum wastes.