Apparatus For Purification Research Articles

99/02330 Method and apparatus for purification of, and for recovering residual heat from, waste gases from combustion systems: Tiberg, L. S. Swed. SE 507,534 (Cl. B01D53/78), 15 Jun 1998, Appl. 96/3,923, 28 Oct 1996, 7 pp. (In Swedish)

99/02330 Method and apparatus for purification of, and for recovering residual heat from, waste gases from combustion systems: Tiberg, L. S. Swed. SE 507,534 (Cl. B01D53/78), 15 Jun 1998, Appl. 96/3,923, 28 Oct 1996, 7 pp. (In Swedish)

98/03686 Apparatus for purification of crude gases obtained by gasification of hydrocarbon fuels

98/03686 Apparatus for purification of crude gases obtained by gasification of hydrocarbon fuels

98/02843 Apparatus and process for purification of high-temperature and high-pressure reducing gases: Tatani, A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,271,625 [97,271,625] (Cl. B01D53/14), 21 Oct 1997, Appl. 96/79,867, 2 Apr 1996, 9 pp. (In Japanese)

Three United States low-rank coals are investigated at 250–450° C using tetralin and a molybdenum sulfide catalyst. Donor solvent provides high conversions and prevents retrogressive reactions throughout the temperature range investigated. Catalytic hydrogenation provides better product quality at low temperatures but is not effective at preventing retrogressive reactions at high temperatures. Up to 400°C, the donor solvent and catalyst are equally effective for providing high conversion. At 450°C, catalytic hydrogenation in the absence of donor solvent is not as effective as donor solvent reaction in the absence of catalyst. The temperature gas-phase hydrogen (H2) is not sufficient, even in the presence of catalyst, to prevent retrogressive reactions. Solvents have two major effects on noncatalytic liquefaction of low-rank coals: dissolution of coal-derived radicals to reduce their local concentration and prevent recombination and participation in the chemical depolymerization of the coal. Below 350°C, physical solvation appears to be more important than the chemical nature of the solvent. Catalysis by ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) is clearly beneficial in enhancing conversion. At 400° C, nearly comparable conversions are obtained from either ATTM without a donor solvent or tetralin with no catalyst. At 450° C, the donor solvent is vital in preventing retrogressive reactions. The highest conversions and highest oil are obtained at 450° C for reactions with both ATTM and tetralin.

Purification and Characterization of 2-Hydroxybiphenyl 3-Monooxygenase, a Novel NADH-dependent, FAD-containing Aromatic Hydroxylase from Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1

2-Hydroxybiphenyl 3-monooxygenase (HbpA), the first enzyme of 2-hydroxybiphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas azelaica HBP1, was purified 26-fold with a yield of 8% from strain HBP1 grown on 2-hydroxybiphenyl. The enzyme was also purified from a recombinant of Escherichia coli JM109, which efficiently expressed the hbpA gene. Computer densitometry of scanned slab gels revealed a purity of over 99% for both enzyme preparations. Gel filtration, subunit cross-linking, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme was a homotetramer with a molecular mass of 256 kDa. Each subunit had a molecular mass of 60 kDa containing one molecule of noncovalently bound FAD. The monooxygenase had a pI of 6.3. It catalyzed the NADH-dependent ortho-hydroxylation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl to 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. Molecular oxygen was the source of the additional oxygen of the product. The enzyme hydroxylated various phenols with a hydrophobic side chain adjacent to the hydroxy group. All substrates effected partial uncoupling of NADH oxidation from hydroxylation with the concomitant formation of hydrogen peroxide. 2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl, the product of the reaction with 2-hydroxybiphenyl, was a non-substrate effector that strongly facilitated NADH oxidation and hydrogen peroxide formation without being hydroxylated and also was an inhibitor. The apparent Km values (30 degrees C, pH 7.5) were 2.8 microM for 2-hydroxybiphenyl, 26.8 microM for NADH, and 29.2 microM for oxygen. The enzyme was inactivated by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, a cysteine-blocking reagent. In the presence of 2-hydroxybiphenyl, the enzyme was partly protected against the inactivation, which was reversed by the addition of an excess of dithiothreitol. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme contained the consensus sequence GXGXXG, indicative of the betaalphabeta-fold of the flavin binding site and shared homologies with that of phenol 2-hydroxylase from Pseudomonas strain EST1001 as well as with that of 2,4-dichlorophenol 6-hydroxylase from Ralstonia eutropha.

5471835 Exhaust system for internal combustion engines

An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables efficient utilization of the purification capability of an exhaust gas purification apparatus. To achieve the object, according to the present invention, in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine provided with a reducing agent supply apparatus 6 that supplies a reducing agent to the exhaust gas before it flows into an exhaust gas purification apparatus 5, an extension chamber 3 is provided downstream of the position at which the reducing agent supply apparatus 6 supplies the reducing agent to the exhaust gas and upstream of the exhaust gas purification apparatus 5. The extension chamber 3 is provided with a back step flow creating portion 33 that creates a back step flow of the exhaust gas in the extension chamber 3 and a swirling flow creating portion 31 that creates a swirling flow. As the exhaust gas and the reducing agent flow into the extension chamber 3 as described above, the mixing of the exhaust gas and the reducing agent is promoted by a combined effect of the back step flow and the swirling flow, and partial localization of the distribution of the flow rate is eliminated.

5527456 Apparatus for water purification by culturing and harvesting attached algal communities: Jensen Kyle R, Altamonte Springs, United States

In Canada's Northwest Territories, goods are delivered to remote communities and natural resource extraction sites by inland barge, trucks, and for some goods, air. Combinations of all-weather and winter roads are used in the winter months, while river barge transport and all-weather roads are used in the summer. However, Northern Canada is disproportionately impacted by climate change, which results in greater variability in water level conditions on the Mackenzie River from year to year. This in turn critically affects tug-and-barge operations on the river. This paper investigates Mackenzie River Corridor freight delivery performance – with a focus on the river route – considering how variations in river water conditions can impact network operations and operational costs. We investigate the impacts of water level variation on shippers' route choice decisions, waterway supply capacity and the resulting overall performance of the freight transport system. Model outcomes provide insights into how the multimodal transportation network may be utilized and perform (quantified by delays and generalized costs) under different water level scenarios. The overarching purpose of the analysis is to provide guidance for infrastructure investment decision-making and business case development, to maintain an effective freight transportation network in the face of on-going climate change impacts.

5374353 Aeration train and aeration apparatus for biological purification of wastewater : Murphy D Thomas Kihei, HI, 96753, United States

5374353 Aeration train and aeration apparatus for biological purification of wastewater : Murphy D Thomas Kihei, HI, 96753, United States

5374353 Aeration train and aeration apparatus for biological purification of wastewater : Murphy D Thomas Kihei, HI, 96753, United States

5374353 Aeration train and aeration apparatus for biological purification of wastewater : Murphy D Thomas Kihei, HI, 96753, United States

Mean Drop Size and Size Distribution in Rotating Disc Contactor Used for Reversed Micellar Extraetion of Proteins.

As a study on the extraction apparatus for separation and purification of proteins and other molecules using reversed micellar systems, the mean drop diameter and drop size distribution of the reversed micellar dispersed phase have been investigated using a rotating disc contactor (RDC) of 38 mm diameter. The Sauter mean diameter was correlated with the Reynolds number, Re, the Weber number, We and the density ratio of the two phases, and the correlation was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data within 15%. The data obtained from the experimental runs and the correlation are compared with those of other authors for liquid-liquid systems without surfactants. The Mugele-Evans distribution function has proved to be the best of the four functions of Mugele-Evans, log-normal, normal and Weibull distribution functions for representing the experimental drop size distribution data. Correlations for the distribution function parameters by means of the Sauter mean diameter obtained in this work can be used to estimate drop size distribution of the reversed micellar systems.

5326468 Water remediation and purification method and apparatus

5326468 Water remediation and purification method and apparatus

Electrochemical purification of fluoride melts

Fluoride materials can be purified using electrochemical reduction of Ni 2+, Fe 2+, Cu 2+ and Co 2+ from a ZrF 4 BaF 2 LaF 3 AlF 3 NaF molten mixture at 600°C. In principle, it is possible to reduce the transition element impurities to less than 0.1 ppm. It is also possible to achieve an in situ fluorination of the melt to correct any fluorine deficiency, possibly via the electrochemical production of small amounts of F 2(g) at the anode. An apparatus for electrochemical purification of fluoride melts and preliminary results are discussed.

4966096 Water purification system and apparatus

4966096 Water purification system and apparatus

4966096 Water purification system and apparatus: Walter H Adey assigned to Ecological Systems Technology L P

4966096 Water purification system and apparatus: Walter H Adey assigned to Ecological Systems Technology L P

ChemInform Abstract: Laboratory Apparatus for Catalytic Purification of Gases from Oxygen.

ChemInformVolume 19, Issue 6 Other Subjects ChemInform Abstract: Laboratory Apparatus for Catalytic Purification of Gases from Oxygen. B. DVORAK, Katedra org. technol. vys. skola chem.-technol., 16628 Praha 6, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. HUDEC, Katedra org. technol. vys. skola chem.-technol., 16628 Praha 6, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author B. DVORAK, Katedra org. technol. vys. skola chem.-technol., 16628 Praha 6, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorA. HUDEC, Katedra org. technol. vys. skola chem.-technol., 16628 Praha 6, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 9, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198806322AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue6February 9, 1988 RelatedInformation

Protein desalting by isoelectric focusing in a segmented immobilized pH gradient

We have recently described an apparatus for protein purification based on a segmented Immobiline gel, having one or more liquid interlayers in between. The principle is entirely new, as it is based on keeping the protein of interest isoelectric, in a flow chamber, and focusing the impurities in an Immobiline gel. For this, a hydraulic flow is coupled orthogonally to an electric flow, sweeping away the non-isoelectric impurities from the recycling chamebr. We now demonstrate that the present apparatus can be efficiently used for protein desalting. Hemoglobin A samples, containing 50 mM NaCal or 50 mM ammonium acetate, could be efficiently desalted in 2 h of recycling, after which the total salt content had decreased to less than 0.005 mM (a salt decrement of more than 10 000 fold the initial input). However, with polyprotic buffers (sulphate, citrate, phosphate, oligoamines) the desalting process was much slower, typically of the order of 20 h, possibly due to interaction of these species with the surrounding Immobiline matrix. In this last case, outside pH control (e.g. with a pH-stat) is necessary during protein purification, as due to the faster removal of the monovalent counterion, the solution in the recycling chamber can become rather acidic or alkaline. It is demonstrated that the 2 extremities of the Immoboline segments facing the sample recycling chamber act indeed as isoelecctric membranes, having a good buffering capacity, preventing the protein macroion from leaving the chamber of continously titrating it to its isoelectric point.

4333837 Water purification process and apparatus

4333837 Water purification process and apparatus

Purification of iron to low carbon and nitrogen contents by annealing

Purification of iron specimens to low levels of carbon and nitrogen by annealing in dry hydrogen below 1180 K was investigated. The magnetic after-effect and strain ageing were used for estimating the carbon and nitrogen contents. Decarburization of a few mm thick specimens was found to be controlled by both surface reactions and volume diffusion. The residual carbon content was found to depend not solely on the method of hydrogen purification but also on the type and state of the purification apparatus and on the annealing procedure. Carbon and nitrogen contents smaller than 1 at ppm were reproducibly obtained in a closed ZrH2 purification system which was baked at 500 K during annealing of specimens.

Hydrogen and Oxygen Behavior in Liquid Sodium (Experimental)

Hydrogen and oxygen behavior in a sodium test loop similar to the sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor were examined. Hydrogen partial pressure equilibrated to the sodium was measured by a membrane-permeation-type hydrogen-meter. An electrochemical oxygen-meter was used to determine the oxygen activity. The measured hydrogen pressure was converted to the hydrogen concentration through the Sieverts' constant, and the oxygen activity was also converted to the oxygen concentration through the characteristics of the oxygen-meter cells. Hydrogen and oxygen solubilities in liquid sodium were obtained as functions of the cold-trap temperature from 115 to 208/sup 0/C. Both data have a similar temperature dependence and were anomalously larger than the extrapolated values in the temperature region lower than 180/sup 0/C. At 300/sup 0/C, the addition of hydrogen to the liquid sodium, valved off from the purification apparatus, lowered the oxygen activity in the liquid sodium. The experimental results suggest a significant interaction between hydrogen and oxygen and the existence of (OH) species in liquid sodium. Using the solubility data of oxygen, hydrogen, and (OH) species, the free energy change of the reaction, (O)/sub in Na/ + (H)/sub in Na/ = (OH)/sub in Na/, was obtained and was ..delta..G/sup 0/(kcal/mole) = -28 + 0.043 T.more » From the temperature dependence of the equilibrium hydrogen pressure, the apparent heat of a solution of hydrogen in liquid sodium was obtained as 1.6 kcal/mole.« less

University of Rome Carbon-14 Dates XIV

This list includes dates measured from January 1974 to June 1975 with previously described CO2proportional counters (Alessioet al, 1970b). All archaeologic and geologic samples except for Arslantepe series come from Italian territory. Chemical apparatus for CO2preparation and purification is unchanged (Alessioet al, 1970b). Data recording devices have recently been replaced with integrated circuits built entirely at the Lab. The logic of the circuitry was also modified to provide more stable devices and a higher relative figure of merit A/√B of each counter (A = net activity of modern standard, B = background). Consequently, the resolution of age measurements has increased appreciably. Present values of A/√B for the 4 counters in use are shown in Table 1.

1125. Apparatus for fine purification of argon: S I Gonikberg, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coll, UHF Electronics, No 9, 1971, 99–101 ( in Russian)

1125. Apparatus for fine purification of argon: S I Gonikberg, Electronic Technol, Scient-Tech Coll, UHF Electronics, No 9, 1971, 99–101 ( in Russian)