Pure Type Research Articles

Nomogram for the Pathological Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients.

No validated instrument currently exists to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. We aim to develop and validate a nomogram based on clinicopathological factors for predicting who would benefit most from NAC. Between January 2016 and April 2023, 361 consecutive MIBC patients treated with NAC were enrolled in the study. Two hundred sixty patients at the Hu Nan institution comprised the development cohort. The validation cohort (91 patients) was from the Xiang Hua center. Patient clinicopathologic information was documented. Using regression coefficients, a predictive model was constructed using multivariate logistic regression. The likelihood ratio test with Akaike's information criterion was then used as the ending rule for backward stepwise selection. This predictive model's efficacy was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Predictors of this model included the origin of MIBC, pathological tumor type, clinical tumor stage, and tumor size. In the validation cohort, the model demonstrated good discrimination with an AUROC of 0.7221 (P < 0.001) and calibration (Unreliability test, P = 0.580). In addition, decision curve analysis revealed that the model was clinically beneficial. This study indicated that primary MIBC, pure UC pathological type, lower clinical tumor stage, and maximum tumor diameter <3 cm were significant predictors of ypCR in MIBC patients after NAC. This nomogram may contribute to the preciousadministration of NAC and the avoidance of chemotherapy toxicity and delayed RC.

Quantitative Evaluation of Type 1 and Type 2 Choroidal Neovascularization Components Under Treatment With Projection-Resolved OCT Angiography.

To evaluate the response of type 1 and type 2 macular neovascularization (MNV) components under anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography (PR-OCTA). This retrospective study included eyes with treatment-naïve exudative AMD treated with anti-VEGF injections under a pro re nata (PRN) protocol over 1 year. Two-dimensional MNV areas and three-dimensional MNV volumes were derived from macular PR-OCTA scans using an automated convolutional neural network. MNV was detected as flow signal within the outer retinal slab. Type 1 components and type 2 components were analyzed separately. Of 17 enrolled eyes, 12 eyes were pure type 1 MNV and five eyes were type 2 MNV. In eyes with pure type 1, the total (sum of type 1 and type 2 components) MNV area and volume did not change from baseline to 6 months or 12 months (P > 0.05). In eyes with type 2 MNV, the total MNV area significantly decreased from the baseline to 6 months (P = 0.0074) and 12 months (P = 0.014). The total type 2 MNV volume also decreased from baseline visit to visits at 6 months and at 12 months, nearing statistical signifiicance (P = 0.061 and P = 0.074). In eyes with type 2 MNV, the type 1 component increased from 0.093 mm2 to 0.30 mm2 (P = 0.058), and the type 2 component decreased from 0.37 mm2 at 6 months to 0 at 12 months (P = 0.0087). Type 1 and type 2 MNV may have different response under PRN anti-VEGF treatment over 1 year.

Clinical Implications of Left Ventricular Apex Mechanics in Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is a unique disease with pathologic hypertrophy mainly at the left ventricular (LV) apex. Although previous studies have indicated apical dysfunction in ApHCM, how apical mechanics change during disease progression has not been thoroughly examined. The aims of this study were to characterize the mechanics of the LV apex in patients with ApHCM at different disease stages and to explore the clinical significance of these alterations. One hundred four patients with ApHCM were divided into three subtypes on the basis of LV apical maximum wall thickness (AMWT) and extent of hypertrophy: relative type (isolated apical hypertrophy with AMWT<15mm), pure type (isolated apical hypertrophy with AMWT≥15mm), and mixed type (both apical and midventricular hypertrophy with AMWT≥15mm). Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography was used to analyze LV segmental strain, global strain, and twist. Comparisons of these parameters were performed among ApHCM subtypes and 30 healthy control subjects. Logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were used to explore associations between myocardial mechanics and clinical indicators. A composite outcome of new-onset atrial fibrillation, heart failure hospitalization, myectomy, and all-cause mortality was assessed. Even in relative ApHCM patients, apical longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain, and radial strain (RS) were significantly impaired compared with control subjects (LS: -14.6±4.1% vs -20.0±1.7% [P=.001]; circumferential strain: -19.6±2.5% vs -25.6±3.7% [P=.002]; RS: 26.6±7.4% vs 35.6± 11.1% [P=.026]), while apical rotation and LV twist remained unchanged. In patients with greater apical hypertrophy (mixed and pure patients), apical LS and RS were more abnormal. Moreover, apical rotation showed significant reductions compared with relative-type patients. After adjusting for clinical and myocardial mechanical parameters, apical rotation was independently associated with New York Heart Association functional class≥II (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.99; P=.036) and the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.91; P=.001). Relative ApHCM demonstrates apical dysfunction but sparing of apical rotation, which was abnormal in more extensive phenotypes. LV apex mechanics were closely related to clinical patterns, with apical rotation correlated with both New York Heart Association functional class≥II and clinical events.

Markers in Identifying Pathological Complete Response Status in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Who Achieved Clinical Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

BackgroundPrior research has demonstrated a discrepancy between pathologic and clinical staging in individuals with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). These findings were the major reasons for the under-usage of the bladder preservation strategy. Hence, we aim to explore the reliable markers in identifying pathological complete response (ypCR) status in MIBC patients who achieved clinical complete response (cCR) after NAC. MethodsBetween January 2016 and April 2023, 161 consecutive MIBC patients treated with NAC and achieved cCR were enrolled in the study. Patient clinicopathologic information was documented. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used for determining adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). It considered statistically significant when a P < .05. ResultsOf the 161 MIBC patients with cCR after NAC, 64.0% (103/161) achieved ypCR after RC. The independent factors for ypCR status were the origin of MIBC (secondary vs. Primary) with odds ratios (OR) of 0.433 (P = .027), the pathological type (pure vs. mixed) with OR of 3.556 (P = .003), concurrent carcinoma in situ (yes vs. no) with OR of 0.360 (P = .016), and lymphovascular invasion (yes vs. no) with OR of 0.271 (P = .007). ConclusionThis study demonstrated that primary MIBC, pure UC pathological type, absence of concurrent CIS, and LVI were significant predictors of ypCR in MIBC patients who achieved cCR after NAC and before surgery. These findings may contribute to the decision-making process of bladder preservation strategy in selected patients.

AB033. Factors related to neuropathic pain in spinal metastasis tumor patients experiencing cancer pain at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

Spinal metastatic tumors are a common complication in advanced cancer patients, frequently leading to debilitating pain that significantly impairs quality of life. Cancer-related pain can encompass various etiologies, including nociceptive and neuropathic components. Neuropathic pain, arising from nerve damage or dysfunction, presents unique challenges in terms of diagnosis and management. Despite its high prevalence in cancer patients, neuropathic pain often remains underrecognized and undertreated. This study aimed to determine the factors related to neuropathic pain in patients with spinal metastatic tumors who experience cancer pain. This study used a retrospective cross-sectional to analyze cancer pain in patients with spinal metastatic tumors. It was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital using secondary data from January 2023 to January 2024. Prevalence data were calculated using the prevalence formula and expressed as percentages. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Chi-square was employed for data management in groups with categorical scales, with Fisher's test used if the requirements for the chi-square test were not met. The study involved 82 patients with spinal metastatic tumors experiencing cancer pain, 51.2% were women. The patients' mean age was 51.5±12.5 years of these patients, 12.2% had lung tumors. The study findings indicate that a significant proportion (73.2%) of patients exhibited tumors with metastases in multiple locations, 61% in thoracal region with the majority (91.5%) experiencing moderate to severe pain intensity. Regarding pain characterization, 9.6% of patients reported neuropathic pain, 47.6% experienced mixed pain, and 42.2% had nociceptive pain. Data analysis found a significant proportion between pain onset (P=0.05), location of lesion (P=0.03), and pain intensity (P=0.01). This study shows patients with spinal metastatic tumors suffering pure neuropathic pain (9.6%) and mixed type pain (47.6%). Pain onset, location of lesion, and pain intensity were significantly different between types of pain. The high incidence of neuropathic pain and mixed pain serves as a crucial reference for treating patients with cancer pain.

R. Shmuel Mohiliver and R. Yitzhak Yaakov Reines: Two Types of Religious Zionism

A typology presents ideal concrete types, and probing their personality and character enables the creation of general patterns. The study of the personality thus grants access to the depth of an idea not only in abstract terms but also in its function as a guide to, and a source of, an ethos. Furthermore, the personality construct plays a significant role in the understanding of historical processes because many events are ascribed or tied to the centrality of a specific individual. The study of typology is especially linked to Eduard Spranger (1882–1963), who claimed that ideal types convey conscious structures. In his view, we can impart significance to actions and behaviors only in relation to the agent’s set of values. In his writings, Spranger presented six ideal types. What is the meaning of a typology when discussing a movement such as religious Zionism? In this article, I attempt to trace an ideological portrait of two types that, in my estimate, created through their personality and their endeavor the ideological pattern that has accompanied religious Zionism and the religious-Zionist idea throughout this movement’s existence. I set up these two thinkers and entrepreneurs as pure types, even though no such types exist in reality. I present the pure types as founded on dominant features although, again, well aware that there are no pure features in the concrete world. Besides describing the characteristic features of the two types, I will argue that the interaction between the patterns they established facilitates understanding of several historical events. These patterns at times continue one another but, mainly, they confront one another. To illustrate their course, I will relate to two historical episodes where these personality patterns come forth, one that took place a few years after R. Reines’ death and the other about fifty years later or more, whose implications are felt up to this day.

CFDI: Coordinated false data injection attack in active distribution network

AbstractThe active distribution network (ADN) can obtain measurement data, estimate system states, and control distributed energy resources (DERs) and flexible loads to ensure voltage stability. However, the ADN is more vulnerable to cyber attacks due to the recent wave of digitization and automation efforts. In this article, false data injection (FDI) attacks are focused on and they are classified into two types, that is, type I attacks on measurement data and type II attacks on control commands. After studying the impact of these two FDI attacks on the ADN, a new threat is revealed called coordinated FDI attack, which can maximize the voltage deviation by coordinating type I and type II FDI attacks. From the attacker's perspective, the scheme of CFDI is proposed and an algorithm is developed to find the optimal attack strategy. The feasibility of CFDI attacks has been validated on a smart distribution testbed. Moreover, simulation results on an ADN benchmark have demonstrated that CFDI attacks could cause remarkable voltage deviation that may deteriorate the stability of the distribution network. Moreover, the impact of CFDI attacks is higher than pure type I or type II attacks. To mitigate the threat, some countermeasures against CFDI attacks are also proposed.

Exploring genetic diversity and population structure in Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl germplasm in China through phenotypic, chemical component, and molecular marker analyses.

Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl, a tropical aromatic evergreen tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a traditional spice used worldwide. However, little is currently known about the extent of the genetic variability and population structure of C. cassia. In this study, 71 individuals were collected from seven populations across two geographical provinces in China. Nine morphological features, three chemical components, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used in an integrated study of C. cassia germplasm variations. Remarkable genetic variation exists in both phenotypic and chemical compositions, and certain traits, such as leaf length, leaf width, volatile oil content, and geographic distribution, are correlated with each other. One-year-old C. cassia seedling leaf length, leaf width, elevation, and volatile oil content were found to be the main contributors to diversity, according to principal component analysis (PCA). Three major groupings were identified by cluster analysis based on the phenotypic and volatile oil data. This was in line with the findings of related research using 1,387,213 SNP markers; crucially, they all demonstrated a substantial link with geographic origin. However, there was little similarity between the results of the two clusters. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the genetic diversity of C. Cassia populations was low, primarily among individuals within populations, accounting for 95.87% of the total. Shannon's information index (I) varied from 0.418 to 0.513, with a mean of 0.478 (Na=1.860, Ne =1.584, Ho =0.481, He =0.325, and PPB =86.04%). Genetic differentiation across populations was not significant because natural adaptation or extensive exchange of seeds among farmers between environments, thus maintaining the relationship. Following a population structure analysis using the ADMIXTURE software, 71 accessions were found to be clustered into three groups, with 38% of them being of the pure type, a finding that was further supported by PCA. Future breeding strategies and our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the C. cassia population would benefit greatly from a thorough investigation of phenotypic, chemical, and molecular markers.

Correlation of Ki-67 Proliferating Index with Histological Types and Characterization of Mucin in Colorectal Carcinoma

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is a major cause of cancer associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality in the western world. One of the pathologic features considered to be important for prognosis is mucin production. Many authors confirmed that colon carcinomas with high mucin content tend to recur locally and carry a poor prognosis. Aim: Correlation of Ki-67 proliferating index with different type of colorectal carcinoma as well as characterization of mucin. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Department of pathology from July 2014 to June 2016. Ninety eight patients with colorectal carcinoma was enrolled in this study who underwent surgical resection of colon, adenocarcinomas. For histological classification we used the WHO recommendation (2000) and to be more accurate we sub-classified mucinous adenocarcinomas by morphometrical analysis in three categories: pure mucinous, with extracellular mucin more than 80% of the tumoral volume; mixed type, with 50–80% extracellular mucin; and mixed type with less than 50% extracellular mucin and their correlation with Ki-67 proliferating index . For histochemical investigation, we used stains such as: D- PAS and Alcian Blue. A technique of manual tissue array was employed to see Ki-67 expression by IHC method. Ki-67 is a proliferation associated nuclear antigen which can be recognized by MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. Result: It was observed that Ki-67 labeling index was high in nonmucinous tumor compared to mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma which is statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). Histochemical stain of mucin where both D-PAS and Alcian Blue positive cases(mixed type) are more than the Only D-PAS positive cases(pure type). Ki-67 proliferating index was also high in mixed type mucinous adenocarcinoma (&lt;50%) compared to pure (&gt;80%) and mixed type (50-80%). The result was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Correlation of Ki-67 proliferating index with histologic type as well as mucin characterization and thereby provide information to clinician to better understanding of the treatment as well as prognosis.

Experimental Study on Fracture Toughness of Shale Based on Three-Point Bending Semi-Circular Disk Samples

A large number of construction practice projects have found that there are many joints and microcracks in rock, concrete, and other structures, which cause the complexity of rock mechanical properties and are the main cause of geological or engineering disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, and rock bursts. To establish a rock fracture toughness evaluation method and understand the distribution range of fracture toughness of Longmaxi Formation shale, this study prepared three-point bending semi-circular disk shale samples of Longmaxi Formation with different crack inclination angles. The dimensionless fracture parameters of the samples, including the dimensionless stress intensity factors of type I, type II, and T-stress, were calibrated using the finite element method. Then, the peak load of the samples was tested using quasi-static loading, and the load–displacement curve characteristics of Longmaxi Formation shale and the variation in fracture toughness with crack inclination angle were analyzed. The study concluded that the specimens exhibited significant brittle failure characteristics and that the stress intensity factor is not the sole parameter controlling crack propagation in rock materials. With an increase in crack inclination angle, the prefabricated crack propagation gradually transitions from being dominated by type I fracture to type II fracture, and the T-stress changes from negative to positive, gradually increasing its influence on the fracture. An excessively large relative crack length increases the error in fracture toughness test results. Therefore, this paper suggests that the relative crack length a/R should be between 0.2 and 0.6. The fracture load distribution range of shale samples with different crack angles is 3.27 kN to 10.92 kN. As the crack inclination angle increases, the maximum load that the semi-circular disk shale samples can bear gradually increases. The pure type I fracture toughness of Longmaxi Formation shale is 1.13–1.38 MPa·m1/2, the pure type II fracture toughness is 0.55–0.62 MPa·m1/2, and the T-stress variation range of shale samples with different inclination angles is −0.49–9.48 MPa.

Pure Apocrine Intraductal Carcinoma of Salivary Glands: Reassessment of Molecular Underpinnings and Behavior.

Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the salivary glands is a confounding entity, our understanding of which continues to evolve. At least four forms have been elucidated based on histomorphology, immunophenotype, and molecular profile: (1) intercalated duct-like, S100/SOX10+ with frequent NCOA4::RET fusions; (2) oncocytic, S100/SOX10+ with TRIM33::RET, NCOA4::RET, and BRAF V600E; (3) apocrine, AR+ with PI3 kinase pathway mutations; and (4) mixed/hybrid intercalated duct-like/apocrine, with S100/SOX10+ and AR+ areas and frequent TRIM27::RET. The revelation that myoepithelial cells harbor the same fusion as luminal cells suggested that fusion-positive cases are not in situ carcinomas as previously believed. To this point, purely apocrine IDC with entirely intraductal growth has not been found to harbor fusions, but very few cases have been tested. IDCs with pure apocrine morphology, entirely intraductal growth, and no precursor lesion (pleomorphic adenoma or sclerosing polycystic adenoma) were retrieved from the authors' archives. Several immunostains (S100, SOX10, GCDFP-15, AR, p40/SMA) and targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel including 1425 cancer-related genes were performed. Seven entirely IDC with pure apocrine type were collected. The cases arose in the parotid glands (mean, 1.9 cm) of 5 men and 2 women ranging from 51 to 84 years (mean, 69.7 years). Histologically, tumors consisted of rounded to angulated ductal cysts lined by epithelial cells with abundant finely granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Pleomorphism was mild to moderate, the mitotic rate was low, and necrosis was absent. Conventionally invasive foci or areas of intercalated duct-like morphology were not identified. In all cases, luminal cells were diffusely positive for AR and GCDFP-15 while negative for S100/SOX10, and the ducts were completely surrounded by myoepithelial cells highlighted by p40 and SMA. Molecular analysis was successful in 6 cases. Three harbored fusions: one with NCOA4::RET, another with STRN::ALK and one with both CDKN2A::CNTRL and TANC1::YY1AP1. The three fusion-negative cases all harbored HRAS mutations; additional mutations (PIK3CA, SPEN, ATM) were found in 2 of 3 cases. All patients were treated by surgery alone. Six of them are currently free of disease (follow up 12-190 months), but the case harboring NCOA4::RET developed lymph nodes metastasis in the form of a fusion-positive invasive salivary duct carcinoma. Purely apocrine IDC is a heterogeneous disease. A subset seems to be genetically similar to salivary duct carcinoma and may indeed represent carcinoma in situ. The other group harbors fusions, similar to other forms of IDC. Moreover, the occurrence of lymph node metastasis discredits the idea that any fusion-positive IDC with a complete myoepithelial cell layer has no metastatic potential. With the wide use of RET-and ALK-based targeted therapies, our findings further underscore the importance of fusion analysis for IDC.

Characteristics and Driving Mechanisms of Understory Vegetation Diversity Patterns in Central and Southern China

Large-scale forest restoration projects significantly reduce the net rates of forest loss. However, as a key component of forest restoration, planted forests have failed to restore biodiversity. China has implemented a large-scale afforestation program, which includes pure planted forests in particular, leading to various changes in ecosystem processes. Despite this, a comprehensive analysis of understory vegetation diversity patterns in these pure planted forests is still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the data on understory vegetation diversity from three typical pure and natural forest ecosystems of Hunan ecological forests to reveal their diversity patterns. The results revealed no significant difference in the understory diversity index between natural and pure forest types, although natural forests had a bigger species pool. The Zipf–Mandelbrot model was a better fit for species abundance distribution. The fitted results suggested that both environmental filtering and neutral processes affected the species abundance distribution and pure understory communities during restoration succession. Natural forests had the most stable understory diversity structure, whereas pure Phyllostachys heterocycla (Carr.) Mitford forests had the least stable structure. Multivariate regression tree analysis identified indicator species for each community. The gradient boosting model indicated that isothermality and slope direction were the most important factors affecting diversity. The β-diversity analysis showed that community establishment in the four forest types was affected via different mechanisms. The findings of this study have significant implications for understanding the impact of afforestation on the mechanisms for maintaining diversity.

Geochemical Characteristics of Mature to High-Maturity Shale Resources, Occurrence State of Shale Oil, and Sweet Spot Evaluation in the Qingshankou Formation, Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin

The exploration of continental shale oil in China has made a breakthrough in many basins, but the pure shale type has only been found in the Qingshankou Formation, Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, and the evaluation of shale oil occurrence and sweet spot faces great challenges. Using information about the total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro), kerogen elemental composition, carbon isotopes, gas chromatography (GC), bitumen extraction, and component separation, this paper systematically studies the organic geochemical characteristics and shale oil occurrence at the Qingshankou Formation. The G1 well, which was cored through the entire section of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, was the object of this study. On this basis, the favorable sweet spots for shale oil exploration are predicted. It is concluded that the shale of the Qingshankou Formation has high organic heterogeneity in terms of organic matter features. The TOC content of the source rocks in the Qingshankou Formation is enhanced with the increase in the burial depth, and the corresponding organic matter types gradually changed from Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ1 types to the Ⅰ type. The distribution of Ro ranges from 1.09% to 1.67%, and it is the mature to high-mature evolution stage that generates a large amount of normal crude oil and gas condensate. The high-quality source rocks of good to excellent grade are mainly distributed in the Qing 1 member and the lower part of the Qing 2 member. After the recovery of light hydrocarbons and the correction of pyrolytic heavy soluble hydrocarbons, it is concluded that the occurrence state of shale oil in the Qingshankou Formation is mainly the free-state form, with an average value of 6.9 mg/g, and there is four times as much free oil as adsorbed oil. The oil saturation index (OSI), mobile hydrocarbon content, Ro, and TOC were selected to establish the geochemical evaluation criteria for shale oil sweet spots in the Qingshankou Formation. The evaluation results show that interval 3 and interval 5 of the Qingshankou Formation in the G1 well are the most favorable sections for shale oil exploration.

YADA - Reference Free Deconvolution of RNA Sequencing Data

Introduction: We present YADA, a cellular content deconvolution algorithm for estimating cell type proportions in heterogeneous cell mixtures based on gene expression data. YADA utilizes curated gene signatures of cell type-specific marker genes, either obtained intrinsically from pure cell type expression matrices or provided by the user. Method: YADA implements an accessible and extensible deconvolution framework uniquely capable of handling marker genes alone as inputs. Adoption barriers are lowered significantly by relying solely on literature-supported cell type-specific signatures rather than full transcriptomic profiles from purified isolates. However, flexible inputs do not necessitate sacrificing rigor - predictions match metrics of current methodologies through an integrated optimization scheme balancing multiple inference algorithms. Efficiency optimizations via compiled runtimes enable rapid execution. Packaging as an importable Python toolkit promotes community enhancement while retaining codebase extensibility. Result: Validation studies demonstrate that YADA matches or exceeds the performance of current deconvolution methods on benchmark datasets. To demonstrate the utility and enable immediate usage, we provide an online Jupyter Notebook implementation coupled with tutorials. Conclusion: YADA provides an accurate, efficient, and extensible Python-based toolkit for cellular deconvolution analysis of heterogeneous gene expression data.

Genomic profile of Japanese patients with rare ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate has high grade and poor prognostic aspects.

e17046 Background: Ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer with unknown etiology and poor prognosis. Genomic profile analysis using next-generation sequencing has the potential to elucidate the pathogenesis of rare cancers. To date, some studies have investigated the genetic profile of the DAC genotype; however, no definitive findings have been obtained due to the small number of patients and limited geographic coverage. The discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers and identification of new pharmacotherapeutic targets for DAC are currently of research interest. The aim of this study is to analyze the genomic profile of DAC in a Japanese population and to summarize its features. Methods: Clinical and histopathological records from our three hospitals were searched for radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate, and prostate needle biopsy specimens containing a DAC component in the past 10 years. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with DAC of the prostate were identified, of whom 15 were eligible for genomic profile analysis and 10 patients (66.7%) had the pure type. Genomic evaluation was performed using either the FoundationOne CDx or PleSSision testing platform. Results: At least one genomic alteration occurred in 14 patients (93.3%), and the most frequently mutated gene was tumor suppressor protein p53 ( TP53), which was found in seven cases (46.7%). Additionally, five cases (33.3%) had mutations in retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor 1 ( RB1), and all these patients had the pure type. Four cases had both TP53 and RB1 alterations, and most of these possessed the pure type and had PSA levels of less than 4.0. Compared to previous study results, the frequency of genetic alterations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway (n = 3; 20.0%) and Wnt-β/catenin pathway (n = 6; 40.0%) was comparable, but alterations in the DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway were few (n=1; 6.7%). None of the patients presented high tumor mutation burden or microsatellite instability. Conclusions: We found that the Japanese cohort with DAC has unique features such as high frequency of alterations in tumor suppressor gene such as TP53 and RB1, and few DDR pathway alterations, suggesting the existence of regional and racial differences in genomic profiles. Genomic analysis using next-generation sequencing is expected to be useful in elucidating the pathogenesis of DAC, and further accumulation of cases is considered important.

Spin-orbit torque-driven domain wall motion in the absence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions

The fine structure and dynamics of magnetic domain walls in ultrathin films with perpendicular magnetization, in the presence of a secondary anisotropy, is analysed owing to micromagnetics. Two cases are considered, a cubic anisotropy typical for (111) oriented garnet epitaxial films, and an orthorhombic anisotropy as found in, e.g., Co/W(110) films. The statics is solved first, showing that, in general, domain walls are not of the pure Bloch type. The dynamics under the spin Hall effect induced by a current flowing in an adjacent layer is then monitored. Finite and non-negligible domain wall velocities are predicted in both cases, in the absence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, with distinct behaviours regarding the current density and its orientation with respect to the secondary anisotropy axes. The relevance of these results to recent reports of current-driven domain wall dynamics in insulating ultrathin garnet films, capped with platinum, is discussed.

Mechanism of overburden fracture induced earthquakes in coal seam mining

Mining-induced earthquakes are unnatural seismic events that frequently occur in high-position hard and thick rock strata during coal mining. Considering the frequent occurrence of strong mining-induced earthquakes in the Dongtan mining area, this study analysed the fracture migration characteristics of hard and thick rock strata and the focal mechanism of mining-induced earthquakes based on Volasov’s thick-plate and moment tensor inversion theories. The results showed that the main key strata were difficult to break under single-panel mining conditions because of the thick and high-strength rock strata and breakage of the main key strata is caused by multiple-panel mining. Volasov’s thick-plate theoretical calculation indicated an initial fracture span of the main key strata was 314 m, which is consistent with the actual mining distance of the working face. This verified that strong mining-induced earthquakes were induced by the initial fracture of the main key strata. In coal mining, the pure shear failure type of mining-induced earthquakes indicated the highest percentage, and the shear fracture of rock strata was the primary cause of strong mining-induced earthquakes. The dip angle of the focal fracture surface in mining-induced earthquakes was generally within 15°. Through an analysis of the focal mechanism of mining-induced earthquakes, it has a certain guiding role in explaining the mechanism of mining-induced earthquakes.

Abstract PO3-20-08: Case Studies on Detecting Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Using Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography and Predictive Indicators for Underestimation

Abstract Purpose: To introduce clinical cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimation focusing on additional benefits of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). Background: DCIS, a noninvasive breast cancer, is often underestimated during diagnosis. Predicting which cases will upgrade to invasive cancer is crucial. CESM offers superior diagnostic performance compared to mammography and mammography with targeted ultrasound (US). Its low-energy images improve microcalcification conspicuity, enable accurate tumor extent measurement, and provide information on enhancements associated with nonmass microcalcifications. Enhanced areas on CESM can be easily compared with mammographic microcalcifications, for they are obtained during the same session. Indicators heralding DCIS underestimation 1. Detectability: underestimated DCIS is more likely to be detected on CESM and mammogram than pure DICS, whereas detection rates do not statistically differ on US and MRI. 2. Lesion type: underestimated DCIS mostly presents as enhancing mass or nonmass lesions on CESM and calcifications on low-energy conventional mammography. 3. Disease extent: on CESM, pure DCIS show smaller tumor extent than the underestimated ones. 4. CESM gray value (CGV) of the lesion on recombined image: the pure DCIS types show lower mean, standard deviation, maximum, and difference values, whereas the underestimated types demonstrate lower minimum values, and vice versa. Case 1: Screen detected pure DCIS without postsurgical upgrade in an asymptomatic 44-year-old woman. US-guided core biopsy yielded DCIS, intermediate nuclear grade with necrosis. Postsurgical pathology confirmed a 1.5 cm pure ductal carcinoma in situ, intermediate nuclear grade with necrosis. (A) US shows a 1.3 cm irregular hypoechoic mass in the right breast. (B) Routine mammography demonstrates no definite abnormality in the right breast. (C) CESM shows a 1.2 cm irregular enhancing mass in the upper central portion of right breast and CGV was 2034 AU. (D) Contrast-enhanced MR images show a 2.1 cm irregular enhancing mass in 12 o’clock direction of the right breast. Case 2: Screen detected DCIS with postsurgical upgrade to microinvasive ductal carcinoma in a 64-year-old woman with nonspecific discomfort in her right breast. US-guided core biopsy yielded DCIS, high nuclear grade with necrosis. Postsurgical pathology confirmed a 2.8 cm sized microinvasive ductal carcinoma, high nuclear grade, histologic grade 3 with necrosis. (A) US demonstrates a 1.9 cm irregular hypoechoic mass with calcifications in 9 o’clock direction 2.1 cm from the nipple in the right breast. (B) Right magnification view shows a 2.5 cm-extent segmentally distributed fine pleomorphic calcifications in the right breast. (C) CESM shows a 3 cm irregular enhancing mass with calcifications in the right breast, and CGV was 2045 AU. (D) Contrast-enhanced MR images shows a 2.3 cm irregular enhancing mass in the right breast. Case 3: Screen detected DCIS with postsurgical upgrade to invasive ductal carcinoma with DCIS in a 47-year-old woman who had a family history of breast cancer. US-guided core biopsy yielded DCIS, intermediate nuclear grade with necrosis. Postsurgical pathology confirmed a 0.2 cm invasive ductal carcinoma with 2.4 cm DCIS. (A) US demonstrates a 2.3 cm irregular hypoechoic mass in the left breast. (B) Routine mammography shows asymmetry in the upper portion of the left breast. (C) CESM shows a 3 cm enhancing mass in the left breast, and CGV of the lesion on MLO-recombined image was 2072 AU. (D) Contrast-enhanced MR image shows a 6 cm irregular enhancing mass in the upper portion of the left breast. Conclusion: CESM provides added advantages over mammography and breast US in detecting underestimated DCIS, and it is comparable to breast MRI. Key indicators to consider include detectability, enhancing lesion, larger tumor extent, higher mean CGV on CESM. Citation Format: Minji Song, Hee Jung Shin. Case Studies on Detecting Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Using Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography and Predictive Indicators for Underestimation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO3-20-08.

Tinea Capitis at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, Morocco: Epidemiological and Etiological Study Over 25 Years (From 1997 to 2021).

Introduction/Objective In Morocco, tinea capitis is a common reason for consultation, especially in children. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of tinea capitis in the Central Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology at the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (UHC) in Rabat. Materials and methods This is a retrospective study conducted over 25 years (from 1997 to 2021). It included 247 patients with lesions suggestiveof tinea capitis, who underwent a mycological examination. Results Among 594 requests for the diagnosis of tinea capitis, 247 cases were positive. A clear predominance of children (86.23%; n=213) as compared to adults (13.77%; n=34) was observed. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.77. Hair parasitism was mainly dominated by the pure endothrix type 54.47% (n=122). The two most frequently isolated species were Trichophyton violaceum(51.24%; n=125)and Microsporum canis(36.06%; n=88). In children, these two species represented 47.42% (n=101) and 41.31% (n=88), respectively. In adults, Trichophyton violaceum was the predominant species, accounting for 77.42% (n=24); in females, it was 76.41% (n=68); and Microsporum canis was predominant in males (50.32%; n=78). Conclusion The epidemiology of this condition is in a constant state of flux, influenced by various lifestyle factors. Our research unveiled a notable upward trend in zoophilic species over the 25-year study period, while conversely, anthropophilic species demonstrated a discernible decline.

Topological and geometric analysis of cell states in single-cell transcriptomic data.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables dissecting cellular heterogeneity in tissues, resulting in numerous biological discoveries. Various computational methods have been devised to delineate cell types by clustering scRNA-seq data, where clusters are often annotated using prior knowledge of marker genes. In addition to identifying pure cell types, several methods have been developed to identify cells undergoing state transitions, which often rely on prior clustering results. The present computational approaches predominantly investigate the local and first-order structures of scRNA-seq data using graph representations, while scRNA-seq data frequently display complex high-dimensional structures. Here, we introduce scGeom, a tool that exploits the multiscale and multidimensional structures in scRNA-seq data by analyzing the geometry and topology through curvature and persistent homology of both cell and gene networks. We demonstrate the utility of these structural features to reflect biological properties and functions in several applications, where we show that curvatures and topological signatures of cell and gene networks can help indicate transition cells and the differentiation potential of cells. We also illustrate that structural characteristics can improve the classification of cell types.