Pure TiO2 Nanotubes Research Articles

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated TiO2 nanotube electrodes

This study presents the design of a mixed organic–inorganic system to be utilized in solar-light chemical energy conversion applications, where the visible-light absorption properties of the conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), are combined with the enhanced charge transport properties of TiO2 nanotubes, thus creating an efficient photoelectrode. A dispersion of PEDOT doped with p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) ions was synthesized using a simple solution-casting polymerization process, which was then spin-coated onto an ordered array of anodically fabricated TiO2 nanotubes to be used for solar energy conversion. Electron microscopy observation confirmed the presence of PEDOT in the hybrid (PEDOT–TiO2) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the vibrational modes of the polymerized PEDOT. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance data indicated a change in the absorption edge of the pure TiO2 nanotubes to longer wavelengths after PEDOT coating. The developed photo-electrodes exhibited a significant increase in photocurrent response and lower charge transfer resistance with respect to the pure TiO2 nanotubes, as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Preparation of icariin/TiO2 nanotube composite coating on pure titanium surface and analysis of early drug release.

The surface modification of pure titanium and the improvement of the early osseointegration of titanium implants are research hotspots currently. This study aimed to load icariin onto the surface of TiO2 nanotube to form the composite coating, and to study the amount of loaded drug and the importance of early release. The TiO2 nanotube was formed on the surface of smooth pure titanium via anodic oxidation, and both smooth pure titanium and TiO2 nanotube were characterized using the scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and contact angle apparatus. Moreover, icariin was loaded onto the surface of pure titanium and TiO2 nanotube using the soaking method. The amount of early drug release in both types of materials was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of loaded drug was calculated, and the curves of cumulative release amount and cumulative release percentage were plotted. The TiO2 nanotube had a diameter of 80 nm with greater roughness than that of pure titanium (p<0.05) and smaller contact angle than that of pure titanium (p<0.05). The cumulative drug release amount in the first 14 d and the curve of cumulative drug release in the first 4 h in icariin/TiO2 nanotube group were significantly larger and higher than those in the icariin/pure titanium group. The curve of cumulative drug release percentage was flatter and the release time was longer in icariin/TiO2 nanotube group than those in the icariin/pure titanium group. Our results indicate that the icariin/TiO2 nanotube composite coating can provide a higher drug loading amount with a sustained-release effect.

Photoelectrochemical characteristics of ZnO/ TiO2 nanoheterojunctions

In this paper, TiO2 nanotubes are fabricated on Ti foils by anodic oxidation, a layer of ZnO nanorod arrays is further deposited on the TiO2 nanotube without seed layer by a hydrothermal method at different Zn2+ concentration. The result shows that the ZnO nanorods mainly present needle-like structure and the density of the nanorods increases with the Zn2+ concentration. The PL of the ZnO nanorods show that there are defect levels formed in the ZnO nanorods. When the ZnO/TiO2 heterostructure is irradiated by the light, the photocurrent is significantly increased by about 2-3 times of that from pure TiO2 nanotubes. The band diagram of the ZnO/TiO2/Ti was proposed to interpret the photocurrent characteristics. Our result indicates that the ZnO/TiO2 can be excellent candidate semiconductor material for the photoelectrochemical energy transfer.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity by photo-Fenton reaction: towards TiO2 nanotubes sensitized by Fe(III)-tartrate

Herein, the coupling effect of photo-Fenton reaction and photocatalytic reaction was realized through sensitization TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) by ferric tartrate. TiO2 nanotubes were prepared through the hydrothermal method. Compared with pure TNT, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) solution is greatly improved, indicating Fenton reaction effectively introduced into the photocatalytic degradation process of MO. The annealing temperature of TNT precursor was adjusted to control the crystallinity and phase structure of TNT and TNT/ferric-tartrate composites. Its influence on the variation of the morphological, structural and optical properties of photocatalysts is discussed in detail. Finally, the degradation mechanism of organic dyes MO is illustrated. In the current work, the optimal degradation rate of MO solution is over 98% with 2 h light irradiation under mercury lamp.

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of CdO-TiO2 nanotubes prepared by direct impregnation

A direct impregnation technique was adopted to prepare a series of CdO-TiO2 nanotubes. Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes were prepared using an optimized two-step anodization process. The morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition, and photoelectrochemical properties of the CdO-TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflection spectra (UV–Vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoelectric cell (PEC) measurements. At lower Cd(NO3)2 concentration, no obvious CdO crystalline particle formed on the TiO2 NTbs surface, while the EDS and XPS measurements shows the increasing doping amount of CdO as the Cd(NO3)2 concentration increasing. At a relatively high precursor concentration (800 mM), the formation of particle clusters and nanocrystals on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes could be easily detected, and the sample presented XRD diffraction peaks indicative of CdTiO3. Meanwhile, the Ti 2p XPS spectra displayed an obvious shift (∼0.3 eV), which could be attributed to the change in the lattice structure. A negative shift in the flatband potential (Vfb) and a decrease in charge carrier density were observed after doping. The maximum incident photon to charge carrier efficiency (IPCE) value calculated for the CdO-TiO2 nanotubes was 10.16%, much higher than that of pure TiO2 nanotubes.

Structural and room-temperature ferromagnetic properties of pure and Ni-doped TiO2 nanotubes

Abstract Diluted magnetic semiconductor based on Ni-doped TiO 2 has been synthesized by hydrothermal process and effect of Ni doping on structure, morphology and magnetic studies were investigated. X-ray Rietveld analysis confirmed that all the samples were TiO 2 anatase structure without having any impurity phase. The lattice parameter and cell volume increased in Ni-doped TiO 2 nanotubes. TEM micrograph reveals clearly the formation of TiO 2 nanotubes with diameter of ∼8 nm. Magnetic properties studies were carried out by using vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature and ferromagnetism was observed in both pure and Ni-doped TiO 2 nanotubes. The bound magnetic polarons formed by Ni ions and the oxygen vacancy may be responsible for the increased magnetic moment in Ni-doped TiO 2 nanotubes. These findings provide a better understanding for the mechanisms of Ni doped TiO 2 nanotubes ferromagnetism at room temperature.

Functionalization of titania nanotubes with electrophoretically deposited silver and calcium phosphate nanoparticles: Structure, composition and antibacterial assay

Herein TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) were fabricated via electrochemical anodization and coated with silver and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs) by electrophoretic deposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that Ag and CaP NPs were successfully deposited onto the TiO2 NTs. Using X-ray diffraction, only anatase and Ti were observed after deposition of Ag and CaP NPs. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the binding energy (BE) of the Ag and CaP NP core levels corresponded to metallic Ag, hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate, based on the knowledge that CaP NPs synthesized by precipitation have the nanocrystalline structure of hydroxyapatite. The application of Ag NPs allows for decreasing the water contact angle and thus increasing the surface free energy. It was concluded that the CaP NP surfaces are superhydrophilic. A significant antimicrobial effect was observed on the TiO2 NT surface after the application of Ag NPs and/or CaP NPs compared with that of the pure TiO2 NTs. Thus, fabrication of TiO2 NTs, Ag NPs and CaP NPs with PEI is promising for diverse biomedical applications, such as in constructing a biocompatible coating on the surface of Ti that includes an antimicrobial effect.

CdSe/TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced photoelectrochemical activity under solar illumination: Influence of soaking time in CdSe bath solution

In the present study, nanotubular structure of cadmium selenide/titanium dioxide (CdSe/TiO2) was successfully prepared via chemical bath deposition (CBD) chemosynthesis method to improve photoelectrochemical activity under solar illumination. The results revealed that optimum CdSe dopants incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes played a crucial role in determining the photoelectrode performance in water splitting. It was found that synthesized CdSe/TiO2 nanotubes soaked at 30 min of CdSe precursor showed a maximum photocurrent density of 0.0016 A/cm2 with improvement of about 10% than that of pure TiO2 nanotubes under solar illumination. The presence of optimum contents of CdSe dopants incorporated into TiO2 nanotubes could act as efficient mediators for trapping photo-induced electrons and reduce the recombination losses of charge carriers significantly.

Preparation and photocathodic protection property of ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 composites for Q235 carbon steel under visible light

For improving the photocathodic protection performance of TiO2 photoanode, ZnIn2S4/reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) composite was synthesized by electrochemical anodizing combined with hydrothermal method. The photoelectrochemical and photocathodic protection properties of the ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 composite were investigated in detail. Compared with pure TiO2 NTs, the ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 composite showed a significant improvement in photocathodic protection performances. The photogenerated open circuit potential drop of ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 coupled with Q235 carbon steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution under visible light could reach 420 mV versus saturated calomel electrode, which was more than twice as much as that of pure TiO2. The photogenerated current density of ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 could reach 5.6 mA cm−2, which was twice as much as that of pure TiO2. The appearance of the adsorbed oxygen (OA) enabled the ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 to have better photo-carrier separation efficiency and better photogenerated cathodic protection than pure TiO2. The present work demonstrated ZnIn2S4/RGO/TiO2 could be a potential material for photoanodes because of its better visible-light response, higher electrical conductivity and smaller charge transfer resistance.

Significantly Accelerated Osteoblast Cell Growth on TiO2/SrHA Composite Mediated by Phenolic Compounds (BHM) from Hippocamp us kuda Bleeler.

The microstructure of hydroxyapatite is known to influence cellular behavior, can be used as a substrate for osteoblast growth, and exploited as a drug-release platform. However, easy delamination and self-decomposition of hydroxyapatite caused by poor adhesion with substrates are the main problems currently. In this paper, we successfully fabricated titanium dioxide/strontium-doped hydroxyapatite (TiO2/SrHA) composite scaffolds by self-generated strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite microspheres in TiO2 nanotubes. Moreover, the active compound 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-methoxyphenyl)-ethanone (BHM) from Seahorse ( Hippocampus kuda Bleeler) was loaded in this scaffold, and the controlled release kinetics of BHM was studied. It was found that in the first 5 h, the release concentration and time of BHM had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient reached 0.98. TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites exhibited favorable cytocompatibility at a given concentration of BHM (20 μmol/L). Compared to pure SrHA, TiO2 nanotubes, and traditional TiO2/SrHA composites, superior cytocompatibility (cell adhesion and proliferation) of MC3T3-E1 was obtained on TiO2/SrHA/BHM composites. The expression levels of osteogenic marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and collagen I are also upregulated to varying degrees. This TiO2/SrHA composite scaffold-mediated phenolic compound BHM could be applied in bone tissue repair.

Characteristics and anticorrosion performance of WSe2/TiO2 nanocomposite materials for 304 stainless steel

As a widely used corrosion-resistant material, stainless steel is still prone to pitting corrosion in marine environments where many Cl− and microorganisms are present. These potential hazards directly affect the service life of metal structures. Thus, it is necessary to take measures to protect stainless steel in the marine environment. In this paper, WSe2/TiO2 nanocomposite films were fabricated on Ti foil substrates via anodic oxidation and electrochemical deposition. The morphology, crystalline phase and optical characteristics of the WSe2/TiO2 nanocomposites were examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocathodic protection performance of the nanocomposite photoanodes for 304 stainless steel (304SS) under visible-light illumination was investigated through electrochemical measurements. Under visible-light illumination, the WSe2/TiO2 nanocomposite films showed stronger photoresponse properties and better photocathodic protection performances for 304SS than pure TiO2 nanotube films.

Synthesis of TiO2 Nanotubes Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles (TNTs/AgNPs) For Visible Light Degradation of Methylene Blue

TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) decorated with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated first by anodisation of titanium wire to produce the TNTs then by dispersing AgNPs on the TNT arrays. The AgNPs were produced by reduction in kyllinga brevifolia extract. The AgNPs have diameter in the range of 10 – 30 nm measured from transmission electron microscope image and average particle size of 22.3 nm. They were dispersed on TNTs by wetness impregnation technique. The morphology of the fabricated TNTs/AgNPs was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images of the sample shows highly ordered TNTs with 7.30 ± 0.46 µm long with 74.59 ± 9.22 nm inner diameters and wall thickness 33.51 ± 4.56 nm. After impregnation, the dispersed AgNPs appear to be distributed uniformly across the surface of the TNTs. The TNTs/AgNPs composite were used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an artificial wastewater. On TNTs/AgNPs 63% degradation was recorded compares to pure TNTs with only 17% degradation after 1 hr reaction under visible light. The addition of AgNPs has contributed to the activation of the composite under visible light perhaps due to the surface plasmon of the AgNPs as well as electrons transfer process to the conduction band of TiO2.

Efficient hydrogen evolution and rapid degradation of organic pollutants by robust catalysts of MoS2/TNT@CNTs

Exploiting an inexpensive and high-effective composite catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and elimination of organic contaminant from wastewater has drawn great attentions recently. Herein, a facile two-step hydrothermal process was successfully adopted to realize the growth of MoS2 nanosheet on the surface of unique TNT@CNTs (TC). Remarkable, the optimized MoS2/TNT@CNTs (MTC) catalyst exhibited high-efficient photocatalytic activity for high concentrations (30 mg/L) of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) with the photodegradation rate of 98.7% and 99.0% in 50 min, which are 2 and 6 times higher than that of pure TiO2 nanotube (TNT), respectively. Meanwhile, the novel composites also showed better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with the overpotential of 110 mV. The significant enhance in photocatalytic performance and electrocatalytic activity are attribute to formation of chemical bonds and large specific surface area, which effectively separate and transfer interfacial charges. The radical scavenging techniques confirmed that the holes (h+) and •O2− radicals played a main role in the photocatalytic process. This study suggests that the novel nanocomposite has extensive application to solve environment and energy issues due to the low-cost raw materials, simple and inexpensive synthesizing process and environmental-friendly methods.

Oxygen vacancies and phosphorus codoped black titania coated carbon nanotube composite photocatalyst with efficient photocatalytic performance for the degradation of acetaminophen under visible light irradiation

In the past two decades, carbon-titania composite photocatalysts had attracted extensive attention for high photocatalytic performance. However, their visible light driven activity was still limited. Therefore, it was urgent to find a way to improve its visible light responsive photocatalytic activity. In the present work, a novel efficient visible light driven photocatalysts, oxygen vacancies and phosphorus (P) codoped titania coated carbon nanotube composites (OVPTCN), were prepared by a facile two step solvothermal and phosphorization method for the first time. The obtained sample exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance for acetaminophen (ACE) degradation under visible light irradiation. The effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) amount and phosphorization content on the photocatalytic efficiency for ACE degradation were also investigated deeply. Results showed that the optimal sample exhibited a high rate constant of 0.025 min-1 for ACE degradation in contrast to that of pure TiO2 (0.00053 min-1) and titania-carbon nanotube (TCN) composite (0.0036 min-1). The characterization results suggested that phosphorization could produce oxygen vacancies and P dopants in TiO2, thus narrowing the band gap of TiO2, increasing the transfer and separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. Moreover, it was revealed by EIS Nyquist plots that CNT got better conductivity after the solvothermal reaction and phosphorization, which also increased the transfer efficiency of charges. Therefore, the synergistic effect of P doping, oxygen vacancies and better conductivity of CNT resulted in the significantly enhanced visible light responsive photocatalytic performance. The transformation products and degradation pathway were analyzed based on the results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Our work provided a new way to prepare efficient visible light driven composite photocatalysts for drugs removal.

Visible-light-assisted photocatalytic activity of bismuth-TiO2 nanotube composites for chromium reduction and dye degradation

TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized on a Ti sheet using the electrochemical anodization method. Bismuth (Bi) was coupled on the anodized TNTs via hydrothermal process. We verified the effect of different Bi concentrations on the photocatalytic properties of Bi-TNT composites. The obtained samples were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The Bi-TNT photocatalysts exhibited higher activities by factors of 6.6 and 3.6 toward chromium reduction and methylene blue degradation, respectively, under visible light than the pure TNTs. The Bi-TNT material was recycled to examine the stability of the catalyst. The quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic system was calculated, and the synergistic effects of bismuth modification were discussed. The Bi-TNT composites were observed to be promising for separation of photoinduced e− and h+ by decreasing charge recombination, and helped the formation of the hydroxyl radicals, h+, and superoxides used in the photocatalytic process.

Preparation and photoelectric properties of Pt/TiO2 nanotube electrodes by a pre-doping method

A pre-doping method in which Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are introduced as dopants before the formation of a TiO2 nanotube (TNT) array was proposed in this paper. This method was intended to decorate a TNT array film with Pt nanoparticles (Pt/TNT), which effectively avoided the problem of blocking the top of the nanotubes by noble metal particles by post-doping methods. Pt/TNT array film was fabricated by anodizing the double Pt/Ti metal film, which was obtained by successive magnetron sputtering of Pt and Ti films onto FTO substrates. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of the Pt/TNT nanotubes array, which revealed that Pt NPs located at the bottom of the Ti film can diffuse into the upper TNT array film after anodization and annealing. Pt/TNT electrode exhibits a superior photoelectric property over that of TNT, of which the photocurrent value of the Pt/TNT electrode was more than twice that of the pure TNT electrode. It is therefore obvious that the pre-doping method is feasible and effective for fabricating a high-photocatalytic-efficient Pt/TNT electrode.

High photocatalytic performance of carbon quantum dots/TNTs composites for enhanced photogenerated charges separation under visible light

A novel high-efficiency composite photocatalyst, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are embedded onto out-surface surface of the TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with high percentage of photocatalytic reactive facets, was fabricated through an improved hydrothermal method. The characterization results showed that the CQDs was chemically adhered to out-surface of the TNTs through the CO and/or CO bonds formed between the CQDs and TNTs. The photocatalytic performance of as-prepared photocatalysts was evaluated to degrade methylene blue (MB) solution under the visible light. The as-prepared photocatalysts had a marvelous photocatalytic performance and the CQDs/TNTs-0.2 sample had the best photocatalytic performance with a decolorization rate of 91.3% and approximately 2 times more than that of pure TNTs for the high initial concentration of MB solution (30 mg/l) within 50 min under visible-light irradiation. The CQDs with excellent Up-Conversion Photoluminescence(UCPL)properties as co-catalysts can covert long wavelength light (>600 nm) absorbed from infrared light into visible light (<600 nm), which activates the TNTs to produce electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the CQDs also can capture the photoexcited electrons and prolong the lifetime of the photoexcited charges. In addition, the stacking interaction of the π-π bonds between the CQDs and the dyes of the benzene ring structure would be beneficial for enhancing the absorption performance of the CQDs/TNTs photocatalysts. The photocatalytic mechanism and process have also been discussed in detail according to the characterization and photodegradation results. This work is of great interest to introduce a new visible-light photocatalyst for the treatment of organic wastewater and protect environment.

Minimal layer graphene/TiO2 nanotube membranes used for enhancement of UV photodetectors

Vertically aligned titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (NTs) and graphene/TiO2 NTs were fabricated on transparent substrate by anodization of Ti foil. TiO2 NTs in anatase phase with and without graphene films coated on their surface were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman spectra. Enhancement of photocurrent and good responsivity of the graphene/TiO2 NT devices were observed as compared with pure-TiO2 NT devices. At the interface, the electrons will transfer from TiO2 to graphene due to the difference in energy levels of the two materials. The heterojunction was formed there, and the photo-excited electron-hole pairs could hinder the charge recombination. The graphene/TiO2 NT devices have high potential for ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with the possibility to fine-tune properties, and it is worth of further investigation.

Hydroxyapatite Coating on TiO₂ Nanotube by Sol-Gel Method for Implant Applications.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube by sol-gel process on viability of osteoblast like cell (MC3T3-E1) and bone formation in rat tibia. Specimens were divided into three groups including commercially pure titanium (control group), TiO2 nanotubes (group N), and HA coated TiO2 nanotubes (group HN). Surface characteristics were determined using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; S-4700, Hitachi, Japan) and contact angles were measured. Cell viability was investigated in vitro after 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days of incubation. Implants (2.0 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length) were inserted into the tibia of rats. After 4 weeks, histomorphometric analysis was performed. Both N and HN groups showed enhanced hydrophilicity compared to control group. After 7 days of implantation, group HN showed higher cell viability with marginal significance (0.05 < P < 0.1). Bone to implant contact (BIC) ratio in the control group, group N, and group HN were 32.5%, 33.1%, and 43.8%, respectively. Results of this study showed that HA coated TiO2 nanotube using sol-gel process could be used to enhance hydrophilicity and improve osseointegration of dental implant surface.

CdSe Species Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes Film Via Chemical Bath Deposition for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance

Background: The conversion of sunlight to electrical power has been dominated by solidstate junction devices, often made of silicon. However, this dominance is now being challenged by the emergence of the new generation of water splitting cell (integration of photovoltaic system with an electrolyzer to generate clean and portable H2 energy carrier. This cell normally is based on nanocrystalline materials, which offers the prospect of cheap fabrication together with other attractive feature such as high chemical stability and flexibility in aqueous solution under evolving oxygen (O2) gases. However, nanocrystalline materials are facing few drawback such as recombination losses of charge carriers and less response under visible spectrum. Therefore, an effort to minimize the recombination losses of charge carriers and extended the spectral response of TiO2 NTs into visible spectrum by incorporating an optimum amount of lower band gap and suitable band edge position semiconductor (cadmium selenide [CdSe]) into the lattice of TiO2 NTs. Methods: An efficient approach has been demonstrated in this research work to enhance the solardriven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance by decorating CdSe species into highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) film through a facile and cost-effective chemical bath deposition. Morphology, chemical properties, and electronic structures have been studied. Results: A maximum photocurrent density of ~2.50 mA/cm2 at 0.6V versus Ag/AgCl electrode was exhibited by TiO2 NTs with the presence of approximately 1 at % of CdSe species. The presence of CdSe species offered an improvement of photocurrent density under solar irradiation due to the effective mediators to trap the photo-induced electrons and minimizes the recombination of charge carriers within the lattice of TiO2 NTs. Conclusion: Hybrid CdSe-TiO2 NTs were successfully fabricated through chemical bath deposition method in order to study the synergistic coupling effect of CdSe with TiO2 NTs on the PEC performance. By bathing pure TiO2 NTs film in a 5 mM CdSe precursor solution extensively covered by approximately 1 at % CdSe exhibited the highest jp of 2.50 mA/cm2 among the samples. However, excessive deposition (≥5 mM) was neither negatively affected by the self-organized NTs nor decreased in jp. This condition inferred that higher ionic product (Cd and Se ions) leaded to rapid ion-by-ion condensation or adsorption of colloidal particles clogged the opening pore’s mouth of TiO2 NTs. Thus, an improvement in the photoresponse was observed when optimum amount (~ 1 at %) of the CdSe was deposited on TiO2 NTs film.