Pure Sesame Oil Research Articles

Composition of tocopherols in sesame seed oil: an indicative of adulteration

The objective of this research was to verify how the composition of tocopherols can help to reveal adulteration in samples of sesame seed oils commercialized in Brazil. Five samples have been analyzed. One sample presented the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and desmethylsterols of authentic sesame oil. Another one presented only non complying parameters. Three other samples showed the fatty acid composition of pure sesame oil, but the tocopherol and desmethylsterol profiles did not comply with those for sesame seed oil. The results indicate that samples could be adulterated by other vegetable oils like soybean, lauric and corn oils.

Congenital anomalies in mice induced by etretinate.

We report on the experimental induction of anorectal malformations (ARM) and other internal and external malformations in mouse fetuses induced by maternal administration of etretinate, a long-acting vitamin A analogue. The teratogen was administered to pregnant mice between the 7th and 10th gestational days (E7 and E10). The mice of the control group were given pure sesame oil on E9. We examined survival rates, crown-rump length, and the incidence of internal and external malformations, with particular attention to ARM, in each group. All mice in the E8 group exhibited rectovesical fistula, hydronephrosis, and spina bifida. All males and females in the E9 group given 60 mg/kg of etretinate developed rectoprostatic urethral fistula and rectocloacal fistula, respectively. The E10 group, given 60 mg/kg of etretinate displayed cleft palate (63.6%), forelimb malformation (68.2%), and a short club-shaped tail (100%). The fetuses had more severe types of ARM when etretinate had been administered on an earlier gestational day. The E9 group is a useful model for anorectal malformation, whereas the E8 group is a model for hydronephrosis and spina bifida.

Estimation of the Mixing Ratio of a Foreign Oil in an Adulterated Sesame Oil.II

A method for determining the mixing ratio of rice bran oil or rapeseed oil in an adulterated sesame oil was developed using ten sesame oils, six rice bran oils and fourteen rapeseed oils.Adulterant oil content in sesame oil could be estimated as rice bran oil based on that of two unsaponifiable components with relative retention times (RRT) of 1.19 and 1.55, and as rapeseed oil based on the percentages of linolenic acid (18 : 3) and an unsaponifiable component (brassicasterol) with RRT of 0.69.Fatty acid pattern similarity (cos θ) for sesame oil adulterated with rice bran oil or rapeseed oil and pure sesame oil was demonstrated. √ (1-cos θ) 106, was expressed as √ 2 sinθ/2 × 103, a function proportional to the mixing ratio of rice bran oil or rapeseed oil. For a given adulterant oil the mixing ratio could be determined based on the fatty acid pattern similarity.

Estimation of the Mixing Ratio of a Foreign Oil in Adulterated Sesame Oil. I.

A method for identifying and estimating the mixing ratio of soybean oil in an adulterated sesame oil was established using ten sesame oils and nine soybean oils. Fatty acid pattern similarity (cos θ) between sesame oil mixed with soybean oil and pure sesame oil was assessed and expressed : [(1-cos θ) 106] 1/2, as the value of 21/2 sin θ/2 × 103 which was proportional to the mixing ratio of soybean oil. cos θ between one sesame oil and nine soybean oils was calculated before determining the highest and lowest values of 21/2 sin θ/2 × 103. cos 0 between the average fatty acid pattern of ten sesame oils and each sesame oil was also determined. When the fatty acid pattern of sesame oil was specified or the average fatty acid pattern of sesame oil could be used, the mixing ratio of soybean oil was estimated from 21/2 sin θ/2 × 103. The percentage of linolenic acid was useful, however unsaponifiable matter was of no use for the identification of soybean oil.

Inhalation, parenteral and oral LD50 values of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Fischer rats

In order to resolve the differences in reported LD50 values for Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol ( Δ 9-THC) obtained with various vehicles and rat strains, the oral LD50 values of Δ 9-THC in a natural vegetable oil vehicle and in an aqueous emulsion were determined in the same rat strain. In addition an iv LD50 value obtained with the emulsion formulation was compared with an inhalation LD50. The natural vegetable oil was pure sesame oil and the aqueous emulsion used orally was comprised of 13% sesame oil, 1% polysorbate 80 and isotonic saline. A similar emulsion (7% sesame oil and 0.5% polysorbate 80) was used to establish the iv and ip LD50 values. The young adult Fischer rat was used in all experiments and the polysorbate 80 concentration in emulsion formulations was maintained below toxic levels for the rodent. Marihuana cuttings were impregnated with Δ 9-THC and formed into cigarettes which were smoked under controlled conditions of puff volume and duration in an automatic smoking machine to obtain an inhalation LD50. It was demonstrated that behavioral and physiological responses to Δ 9-THC occurred sooner with the oral emulsion formulation than with the vegetable oil. The intragastric LD50 with the emulsion was 800 mg/kg and with the sesame oil formulation, 1270 mg/kg. The iv LD50 was 36–40 mg/kg, similar to the inhalation dose when the latter was corrected for Δ 9-THC losses in the rodent nasal passages. The results from this study affirmed that the LD50 values obtained were reliable and that the vehicle did not contribute to the toxicity.

Sesame oil. X1. The stability of vitamin A in sesame oil and in margarine stock containing sesame oil

SummaryA study has been made of three groups of samples fortified with a vitamin A concentrate—sesame oil, margarine stock, and a mixture of 95% margarine stock and 5% sesame oil—to determine the stability of vitamin A in the presence of sesame oil. The samples were stored at two temperatures and their vitamin A content was measured periodically throughout a period of 42 weeks by an ultraviolet absorption method.The results show no evidence of vitamin A instability in the three groups of samples after storage at 32°F. for 42 weeks, or in the margarine stock and margarine stock‐sesame oil mixture after storage for the same period of time at 78°–80°F. However the pure sesame oil showed a significant change in vitamin A content at the end of 42 weeks of storage at 78°–80°F. The trend toward instability became evident after 13 to 26 weeks of storage.

Gonadotropic Effect of Androgens upon the Immature Rat Ovary

Butenandt and Kudzus have reported that androgenic substances administered to immature female rats cause premature opening of the vagina. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the androgens produce this effect directly upon the genital tract or indirectly through the ovary. Eighteen rats (comprising 5 litters), varying in age from 27 to 30 days, were used in this study. Twelve were given a single injection of androgen in sesame oil; 6 controls were given an equal quantity of pure sesame oil. Seven of the animals were injected with testosterone propionate and 5 with androstenediol, the dosage varying from 1 to 5 mg. The time of the opening of the vagina was noted in each case. Laparotomies were performed and one ovary removed at intervals varying from 60 to 96 hours after the administration of the androgen. The animals were sacrificed at periods varying from 96 to 228 hours after the injection and the remaining ovary was then removed. At corresponding intervals, the ovaries were removed from the control animals. The ovaries were examined microscopically in serial sections. Opening of the vagina occurred in all androgen-injected animals within 72 hours after the injection. Follicle stimulation was noted as early as 60 and 72 hours after the injection. Corpora lutea were found as early as 96 hours and as late as 192 hours after androgen administration. The ovaries of all the 12 injected animals exhibited some gonadotropic effect, either follicle stimulation, luteinization or both. The uteri in all these animals were markedly enlarged. In the 6 control rats, the vaginas remained closed and the ovaries were negative. Eighteen rats (comprising 5 litters), varying in age from 27 to 30 days, were used in this study. Twelve were given a single injection of androgen in sesame oil; 6 controls were given an equal quantity of pure sesame oil.