Pure Li4Ti5O12 Research Articles

Nitrogen-doped Li4Ti5O12/carbon hybrids derived from inorganic polymer for fast lithium storage

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is the safest commercial anode for power batteries owing to its stability, zero strain and Li dendrites free, but its inherent insulating characteristic seriously limits its high-rate capability. Nitrogen-doped LTO/C (NCLTO) is firstly synthesized by thermal decomposition of an amorphous titanate crosslinking g-C3N4 inorganic polymer and then reaction with lithium salts utilizing a simple solid state reaction. The doping nitrogen has a fair distribution which allows fast transportation of lithium ions, and the content of nitrogen is tunable through control the decomposition time of g-C3N4. It exhibits a better high-rate capability and cycling performance than that of LTO, which delivers a high capacity of 122mAhg−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 10C with 102% capacity retention while the capacity retention of only 50.5% for pure LTO. Furthermore, the NCLTO also exhibits an overwhelming advantage of high-rate performance than LTO owing to the introduced conductive nitrogen-doped carbon and TiN.

Incorporating cyclized-Polyacrylonitrile with Li4Ti5O12 Nanosheet for High Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anode Material

Developing practically meaningful conductive- and binder- free electrode material for lithium ion battery has been of great interest in recently years. In this study, we describe a facile synthesis of cyclized-Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) nanosheet lithium ion battery anode material by one-pot hydrothermal approach followed by cyclization of the polymer at intermediate temperature. The obtained product was thoroughly characterized by powder XRD, Raman, TG-DSC, XPS, electron microscopy, EDS, BET and electrochemical methods The cyclized polymer does not alter crystal structure of LTO but goes through turbostratic transition to create sp2-π bonding and graphitic carbon at it course of conjugation. Electrochemical tests revealed the composite heightened electronic and ionic conductivity, rate capability, cycling performance, and significantly reduced charge transfer resistance than pure LTO, especially under the low temperatures. The boosted battery performance is on the ground that sp2-π bonding and graphitic carbon during the cyclization of PAN contribute significantly to charge transfer process. These results strongly suggest this method a cost-effective way producing high performance LTO material and may be applied to other lithium ion battery electrode material as well.

Electrospun Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers for enhanced high-rate lithium ion batteries

Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers with the mean diameter of ca. 60 nm have been synthesized via facile electrospinning. When the molar ratio of Li to Ti is 4.8:5, the Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers exhibit initial discharge capacity of 216.07 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, rate capability of 151 mAh g−1 after being cycled at 20 C, and cycling stability of 122.93 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 20 C. Compared with pure Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers and Li2TiO3 nanofibers, Li4Ti5O12/Li2TiO3 composite nanofibers show better performance when used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. The enhanced electrochemical performances are explained by the incorporation of appropriate Li2TiO3 which could strengthen the structure stability of the hosted materials and has fast Li+-conductor characteristics, and the nanostructure of nanofibers which could offer high specific area between the active materials and electrolyte and shorten diffusion paths for ionic transport and electronic conduction. Our new findings provide an effective synthetic way to produce high-performance Li4Ti5O12 anodes for lithium rechargeable batteries.

Hierarchical Li4Ti5O12/C composite for lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance

Considering the charming merits and natural defects of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), we build a hierarchical LTO/C composite through a rational hydrothermal route by utilizing the low-cost glucose as carbon source. The obtained composite consists of some grain-like secondary particles (10–15nm) pasted on the relatively bulk LTO sheets (50–100nm). Due to the introduction of carbon, the composite has the smaller particle size, lower polarization and superior electrical conductivity. Besides, the as-prepared sample exhibits good cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. It delivers the discharge capacity of 174.1mAhg−1 at 1C and left 131.7mAhg−1 even at 50C, which is apparently superior than pristine LTO. Furthermore, the discharge capacity maintains 93.4% after 500 cycles at 1C and 80.5% after 1000 cycles at 50C. Even after 3000 ultralong cycles at 5C, the value still retains 74.2% which is much higher than that of pure LTO (38.4%). The ideal proportion of carbon modified in LTO is also explored. The LTO/C-3.74wt% composite is demonstrated to possess optimal electrochemical performance.

Structure and enhanced electrochemical performance of the CaF2-modified Li4Ti5O12 anode material

The surface of pure Li4Ti5O12 was modified with CaF2 via a chemical co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400°C for 5h in order to study the reaction mechanism of the fluoride modification process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm the structure and morphology of the material. After the modification, the structure of Li4Ti5O12 was unchanged, as F− ions reacted with Ca2+ ions to form CaF2 instead of reacting with Li4Ti5O12. A consecutive CaF2 coating layer was not formed on the surface of Li4Ti5O12; instead, many microscale CaF2 crystals stacked on the Li4Ti5O12 particles. The stacked CaF2 crystals could not only reduce electrode polarization, but also partially suppress reductive decomposition, resulting in the formation of a thinner SEI film, thereby reducing resistance of the SEI film (Rsei) and the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), both of which were beneficial to the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12. The 2wt% CaF2-modified Li4Ti5O12 exhibited a superior rate capacity, with discharge capacities between 0 and 3V of 227.8, 215.8, 207.6, 190.6, 180.2, and 157.6mAhg−1 at rates of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 C (1 C=250mAhg−1), respectively. Moreover, the 2wt% CaF2-modified Li4Ti5O12 showed a discharge capacity retention of 96.7% after 125cycles at a rate of 3 C, higher than that of pure Li4Ti5O12 (94.4%), which was due to the fact that CaF2 modification enhanced the capability of the material to resist HF attack during the discharge/charge processes.

Process Design for Size-Controlled Flame Spray Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and Electrochemical Performance

Abstract Inexpensive synthesis of electroceramic materials is required for efficient energy storage. Here the design of a scalable process, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), for synthesis of size-controlled nanomaterials is investigated focusing on understanding the role of air entrainment (AE) during their aerosol synthesis with emphasis on battery materials. The AE into the enclosed FSP reactor is analysed quantitatively by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and calculated temperatures are verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Various Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particle compositions are made and characterized by N2 adsorption, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction while the electrochemical performance of LTO is tested at various charging rates. Increasing AE decreases recirculation in the enclosing tube leading to lower reactor temperatures and particle concentrations by air dilution as well as shorter and narrower residence time distributions. As a result, particle growth by coagulation - coalescence decreases leading to smaller primary particles that are mostly pure LTO exhibiting high C-rate performance with more than 120 mAh/g galvanostatic specific charge at 40C, outperforming commercial LTO. The effect of AE on FSP-made particle characteristics is demonstrated also in combustion synthesis of LiFePO4 and ZrO2.

Effect of graphene nanosheets on electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 in lithium-ion capacitors

In order to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium titanium oxide, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), for the use in the lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) application, LTO/graphene composites were synthesized through a solid state reaction. The composite exhibited an interwoven structure with LTO particles dispersed into graphene nanosheets network rather than an agglomerated state pristine LTO particles. It was found that there is an optimum percentage of graphene additives for the formation of pure LTO phase during the solid state synthesis of LTO/graphene composite. The effect of graphene nanosheets addition on electrochemical performance of LTO was investigated by a systemic characterization of galvanostatic cycling in lithium and lithium-ion cell configuration. The optimized composite exhibited a decreased polarization upon cycling and delivered a specific capacity of 173mAhg−1 at 0.1C and a well maintained capacity of 65mAhg−1 even at 20C. The energy density of 14Whkg−1 at a power density of 2700Wkg−1 was exhibited by a LIC full cell with a balanced mass ratio of anode to cathode along with a superior capacitance retention of 97% after 3000 cycles at a current density of 0.4Ag−1. This boost in reversible capacity, rate capability and cycling performance was attributed to a synergistic effect of graphene nanosheets, which provided a short lithium ion diffusion path as well as facile electron conduction channels.

Facile Synthesis of Carbon-Coated Spinel Li4Ti5O12/Rutile-TiO2 Composites as an Improved Anode Material in Full Lithium-Ion Batteries with LiFePO4@N-Doped Carbon Cathode.

The spinel Li4Ti5O12/rutile-TiO2@carbon (LTO-RTO@C) composites were fabricated via a hydrothermal method combined with calcination treatment employing glucose as carbon source. The carbon coating layer and the in situ formed rutile-TiO2 can effectively enhance the electric conductivity and provide quick Li+ diffusion pathways for Li4Ti5O12. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the rate capability and cycling stability of LTO-RTO@C composites were improved in comparison with those of pure Li4Ti5O12 or Li4Ti5O12/rutile-TiO2. Moreover, the potential of approximately 1.8 V rechargeable full lithium-ion batteries has been achieved by utilizing an LTO-RTO@C anode and a LiFePO4@N-doped carbon cathode.

A Strategy for Synthesis of Nanosheets Consisting of Alternating Spinel Li4Ti5O12 and Rutile TiO2 Lamellas for High-Rate Anodes of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Ultrathin dual phase nanosheets consisting of alternating spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) and rutile TiO2 (RT) lamellas are synthesized through a facile and scalable hydrothermal method, and the formation mechanism is explored. The thickness of constituent lamellas can be controlled exactly by adjusting the mole ratio of Li:Ti in the original reactants. Alternating insertion of the RT lamellas significantly improves the electrochemical performance of LTO nanosheets, especially at high charge/discharge rates. As anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the dual phase nanosheet electrode with the optimized phase ratio can deliver stable discharge capacities of 178.5, 154.9, 148.4, 142.3, 138.2, and 131.4 mA h g-1 at current densities of 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 C, respectively. Meanwhile, they inherit the excellent cyclic stability of pure spinel LTO and exhibit a capacity retention of 93.1% even after 500 cycles at 50 C. Our results indicate that the alternating nanoscaled lamella structure is a good alternative to facilitate the transfer of both the Li ions and electrons into the spinel LTO, giving rise to an excellent cyclability and fast rate performance. Therefore, the newly prepared carbon-free LTO-RT nanosheets with high safety provide a new opportunity to develop high-power anodes for LIBs.

Microwave dielectric properties in the Li4+xTi5O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) ceramics

Microwave dielectric ceramics, with a Li4+xTi5O12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) formula, were prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method. The effects of doping amount on the phase stability, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The XRD analysis showed that at x = 0, pure Li4Ti5O12 could not be obtained but with trace amount of TiO2 as a secondary phase, while single phase of the Li4Ti5O12 solid solution was formed in x range of 0.2–0.4. The Li4Ti5O12 and Li2TiO3 coexisted in the compositions with 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.2 and the amount of Li2TiO3 phase increased with increasing doping concentration. The microwave dielectric properties were strongly dependent on the sintering temperature and composition. A near-zero τf of +2.7 ppm∕°C along with a Q × f of 36,000 GHz and a εr of 25.1 was obtained in x = 1.2 sample sintered at 1000 °C. Moreover, promising low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) materials with thermal stability and chemical compatibility with silver can be obtained in the x = 1.2 sample with 0.5 wt% B2O3 addition sintered at 940 °C. This material has good microwave dielectric properties with εr of 28.0, Q × f of 32,000 GHz and τf of −7.8 ppm∕°C.

Molten Salt Synthesis of Different Ionic Radii Metallic Compounds Doped Lithium Titanate Used in Li-Ion Battery Anodes

In order to systematically characterize the effects of ion doping on Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) through the molten salt method, different metallic compounds with varying ionic radii doped into LTO were investigated. The results show that doped ions (Al3+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and F−) with similar ionic radius as Li+, Ti4+ or O2− ions can enter into LTO, which leads to smaller particle size than pure LTO, therefore, increasing the specific surface area and shortening Li+ transfer path of LTO. However, La3+ with a much larger ionic radius cannot enter into LTO. Ion doping can enhance the intrinsic conductivity of LTO, thus improving the electrochemical performance of LTO. As the ionic radii of Fe2+ and Fe3+ are the closest to those of Li+ and Ti4+, Fe3O4 doped LTO exhibits the best electrochemical performance, an excellent first discharge capacity of 269.3 mAh·g−1 at the 0.15 C, good high-rate capability (123.4 mAh·g−1 at 10 C); even after 300 discharge/charge cycles, the discharge capacity is 141.1 mAh·g−1, gives an excellent cycle performance with 12.4% loss of capacity at 1 C rate. Due to these factors, Fe3O4 is the most suitable metallic compound doped in LTO via molten salt method.

Understanding the Effect of Preparative Approaches in the Formation of “Flower-like” Li4Ti5O12—Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composite Motifs with Performance as High-Rate Anode Materials for Li-Ion Battery Applications

Herein we highlight the significance of nanoscale attachment modality as an important determinant of observed electrochemical performance. Specifically, controlled loading ratios of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been successfully anchored onto the surfaces of a unique “flower-like” Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) micro-scale sphere motif, for the first time, using a number of different and distinctive preparative approaches, including (i) a sonication method, (ii) an in situ direct-deposition approach, (iii) a covalent attachment protocol, as well as (iv) a π-π interaction strategy. In terms of structural characterization, the composites generated by physical sonication as well as non-covalent π-π interactions retained the intrinsic hierarchical “flower-like” morphology and exhibited a similar crystallinity profile as compared with that of pure LTO. By comparison, the composite prepared by an in situ direct deposition approach yielded not only a fragmented LTO structure, likely due to the possible interfering presence of the MWNTs themselves during the relevant hydrothermal reaction, but also a larger crystallite size, owing to the higher annealing temperature associated with its preparation. Finally, the composite created via covalent attachment was covered with an amorphous insulating linker, which probably led to a decreased contact area between the LTO and the MWNTs and hence, a lower crystallinity in the resulting composite. Electrode tests suggested that the composite generated by π-π interactions out-performed the other three analogous heterostructures, due to a smaller charge transfer resistance as well as a faster Li-ion diffusion. In particular, the LTO-MWNT composite, produced by π-π interactions, exhibited a reproducibly high rate capability as well as a reliably solid cycling stability, delivering 132 mA h g−1 at 50 C, after 100 discharge/charge cycles, including 40 cycles at a high (>20 C) rate. Such data denote the highest electrochemical performance measured to date as compared with any LTO-carbon nanotube-based composite materials previously reported, under high discharge rate conditions, and tangibly underscore the correlation between preparative methodology and the resulting performance metrics.

High rate performance of the carbon encapsulated Li4Ti5O12 for lithium ion battery

Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is attractive alternative anode material with excellent cyclic performance and high rate after coating modifications of the conductive materials. Anatase TiO2 and glucose were applied of the synthesis of the carbon coated LTO (C@LTO). XRD results showed that all the major diffractions from the spinel structure of LTO can be found in the C@LTO such as (111), (311), (400) but there are no observations of the Carbon diffraction peaks. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data shows C@LTO resistance was nearly half of the LTO value. Rate performance showed that capacity of C@LTO was higher than that of the pure LTO from 0.1C, 0.2C, 1C, 2C, 5C and 10C, which indicates that this is a promising approach to prepare the high performance LTO anode.

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Mg2+ and F− co-doped Li4Ti5O12 anode material for use in the lithium-ion batteries

Spinel Li4Ti5O12 co-doped with Mg2+ and F− was synthesized by solid-state reaction of anatase TiO2, Li2CO3, NH4F, and Mg(NO3)2. For comparison, Mg2+-doped and F−-doped Li4Ti5O12 were prepared using the same method. The structure and electrochemical performance of the prepared materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests. Using an internal standard and Rietveld refinement, we calculated the lattice parameters of the samples. After co-doping with Mg2+ and F−, the dopant ions enter the Li4Ti5O12 lattice, resulting in the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+, and increasing the conductivity of the material. Furthermore, the Mg2+ and F− co-doping technique resulted in smaller primary particles with a narrow size distribution, factors that can accelerate transfer of Li+ between the electrode and electrolyte. Consequently, the Mg2+ and F− co-doped Li4Ti5O12 material exhibits a superior rate performance and delivers discharge capacities of 159.4, 154.1, 146.5, 120.8, 102.7, and 76mAhg−1 at 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 3C, 5C, and 10C, respectively, significantly higher than those of pure Li4Ti5O12 (155.4, 138.6, 124.2, 94.1, 76.7, and 52.2mAhg−1 at the same C-rates). Moreover, the Mg2+ and F− co-doped Li4Ti5O12 showed outstanding cycling stability, and the capacity retention was 99.62% after 150 cycles at 5C rate. Therefore, the Mg2+ and F− co-doping technique has proven an effective approach to improve the electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12.

Synthesis of Amorphous TiO2Nanoparticles with a High Surface Area and Their Transformation to Li4Ti5O12Nanoparticles

Pure lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) nanoparticles were synthesized at low temperature via a new simple method. First, amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with a high surface area (624 m2 g−1) were prepared by using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent in the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) at room temperature. Pure Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10–30 nm were obtained by introducing Li+ into the amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles at room temperature.

High-performance hybrid supercapacitor based on pure and doped Li4Ti5O12 and graphene

Graphene nanosheets (G) and pure, as well as doped Mg-, Mn-, V-Li4Ti5O12, spinel structure have been synthesized. As-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry, and constant current discharge methods. The physical properties, as well as the possible role of the doped materials in supercapacitors, have been studied. The hybrid supercapacitor with pure or doped Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode was fabricated afterward to form the graphene/Li4Ti5O12. The specific energy, specific power, fast-charge capability, lifecycle, and self-discharge of the studied devices were compared. Metal doping did not change the phase structure while remarkably improved its capacitance at high charge/discharge rate. The hybrid supercapacitor utilizing pure or doped Li4Ti5O12 as an anode exhibits high capacitance compared to DLC because of the electrochemical process with intercalation/deintercalation of lithium into the spinel LTO. The capacitance of the hybrid supercapacitor decreases from 207 to 108 Fg−1 when discharged at several specific current densities ranging from 1 to 10 Ag−1. In contrast, the capacitance of the DLC is slightly decreased.

Pr-modified Li4Ti5O12 nanofibers as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries with outstanding cycling performance and rate performance

Pr-doped Li4Ti5O12 in the form of Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3PrxO12 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) was synthesized successfully by an electrospinning technique. ICP shows that the doped samples are closed to the targeted samples. XRD analysis demonstrates that traces of Pr3+ can enlarge the lattice parameter of Li4Ti5O12 from 8.3403 to 8.3765 A without changing the spinel structure. The increase of lattice parameter is beneficial to the intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium-ion. XPS results identify the existence form of Ti is mainly Ti4+ and Ti3+ in minor quantity in Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3PrxO12 (x = 0.05) samples due to the small amount of Pr3+. The transition from Ti4+ to Ti3+ is conducive to the electronic conductivity of Li4Ti5O12. FESEM images show that all the nanofibers are well crystallized with a diameter of about 200 nm and distributed uniformly. The results of electrochemical measurement reveal that the 1D Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3PrxO12 (x = 0.05) nanofibers display enhanced high-rate capability and cycling stability compared with that of undoped nanofibers. The high-rate discharge capacity of the Li4−x/3Ti5−2x/3PrxO12 (x = 0.05) samples is excellent (101.6 mAh g−1 at 50 °C), which is about 58.48 % of the discharge capacity at 0.2 °C and 4.3 times than that of the bare Li4Ti5O12 (23.5 mA g−1). Even at 10 °C (1750 mA g−1), the specific discharge capacity is still 112.8 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles (87.9 % of the initial discharge capacity). The results of cyclic voltammograms (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) illustrate that the Pr-doped Li4Ti5O12 electrodes possess better dynamic performance than the pure Li4Ti5O12, further confirming the excellent electrochemical properties above.

Improved electrochemical performance of Li4Ti5O12 by reducing rutile TiO2 phase impurity and particle size

Pure lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12) powder having particle size of 100 (±38) nm has been prepared by solid-state synthesis method, using planetary ball milling at lower speed of 900 rpm as compared to high energy ball milling (3000 rpm) and characterized by X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical performance of Li-ion battery cells is determined by charging–discharging and cyclic voltammetry tests. The material has shown very high discharge capacity of 171 and 108 mAhg−1 measured at current rates of 0.1C and 5C, respectively, as compared to 160 and 71 mAhg−1 for impure Li4Ti5O12 material (containing rutile phase of TiO2) having particle size 213 (±45) nm. Capacity retention of pure Li4Ti5O12 was 91% after 100 cycles, whereas the impure Li4Ti5O12 has shown the retention ability of 85%.

Synthesis of graphitized carbon, nanodiamond and graphene supported Li4Ti5O12 and comparison of their electrochemical performance as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Graphitized carbon (GC), nanodiamond (ND) and graphene (GE) supported Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) composites have been synthesized via a solid-state reaction, respectively. The particle sizes of LTO/GC, LTO/ND and LTO/GE are smaller than pure LTO. When tested as the anode for lithium ion batteries, the discharge capacities of LTO, LTO/GC, LTO/ND and LTO/GE composites are 100.1mAhg−1, 150.4mAhg−1, 90.4mAhg−1 and 218.3mAhg−1 at the current density of 175mAg−1 after 500 cycles. Their rate capacities retain 59.8%, 80.0%, 81.0% and 85.7% at the current density of 175mAg−1, 438mAg−1, 875mAg−1 and 175mAg−1, respectively. Moreover, the recovery rates of their rate capacities are 78.6%, 83.4%, 88.9% and 90.1% when returned to the current density of 175mAg−1, respectively. The reasons can be attributed to the synergistic effect between GC (ND and GE) and LTO as well as the features of the different carbon supports. This strategy, with the carbon constituting a good supporting structure, is an effective way to improve the cycling performance of anode materials for lithium ion batteries.

Influence of post-calcination treatment on the spinel lithium titanium oxide anode material for lithium ion batteries

The influence of post-calcination treatment on spinel Li4Ti5O12 anode material is extensively studied combining with a ball-milling-assisted rheological phase reaction method. The post-calcinated Li4Ti5O12 shows a well distribution with expanded gaps between particles, which are beneficial for lithium ion mobility. Electrochemical results exhibit that the post-calcinated Li4Ti5O12 delivers an improved specific capacity and rate capability. A high discharge capacity of 172.9 mAh g−1 and a reversible charge capacity of 171.1 mAh g−1 can be achieved at 1 C rate, which are very close to its theoretical capacity (175 mAh g−1). Even at the rate of 20 C, the post-calcinated Li4Ti5O12 still delivers a quite high charge capacity of 124.5 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles, which is much improved over that (43.9 mAh g−1) of the pure Li4Ti5O12 without post-calcination treatment. This excellent electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the post-calcination process, which can greatly improve the lithium ion diffusion coefficient and further enhance the electrochemical kinetics significantly.