Purchase Counterfeit Goods Research Articles

The Dilemma of Achieving "Same Case, Same Sentence" in Cases of "Knowing and Buying Counterfeits" in the Field of Food and Drugs and Its Legal Progress

The frequent disparity in judicial rulings for identical cases of "Knowingly Purchasing Counterfeit Goods" within the food and drug sector has significantly undermined the authority of the law and compromised judicial fairness. An empirical study of 100 randomly selected judicial decisions from Shandong Province reveals that the current level of uniformity in judgments for equivalent cases is less than ideal. To delve deeper into the factors influencing these inconsistencies, this paper conducts an analysis of the suspicion of counterfeit awareness, the burden of proof, and the nature of the appellate case, utilizing the chi-square test for independence. Challenges such as establishing consumer identity, defining fraudulent behavior, and evaluating the standards of food safety are pivotal issues that impede the equitable treatment of knowingly purchasing counterfeit goods within the food and drug sector. In this distinct domain, the act of knowingly purchasing counterfeit goods, despite potential associations with professional racketeering, often yields a more constructive outcome. If it is determined that the parties involved are not engaged in commercial operations, their status as consumers should be acknowledged. When assessing food safety standards, emphasis should be placed on substantive criteria rather than mere formalities. Moreover, the presence of substantial harm should not be a mandatory threshold for the application of punitive damages. Additionally, if an operator fails to fulfill their evidentiary responsibilities or demonstrates "knowledge" of the counterfeit goods, the consumer's claim for compensation should be upheld.

The Impact of Deviant Social Media Influencers and Consumer Characteristics on Purchasing Counterfeit Goods

ABSTRACT Product counterfeiting is a large and global economic crime that causes significant economic, social and personal harms. Facilitated by the efficiency and convenience of e-commerce, finding and buying counterfeits have never been easier. Going beyond product listings on websites, counterfeiters are now using sophisticated marketing techniques to promote their illicit wares. This includes employing deviant social media influencers who violate social norms and the law to peddle counterfeit goods via channels such as YouTube and Instagram. However, very little is known about their market or their impact. Based on two UK surveys, the empirical research described in this article estimates the prevalence of consumers who purchase counterfeits because of SMI endorsements. We believe this is the first estimate of its kind anywhere. Further, the research finds that influencer marketing exploits characteristics of consumers that make them susceptible to the charms of the deviant SMIs: high susceptibility to the influence of trusted digital others, low risk awareness, high risk appetite, and prone to rationalizations that morally justify the purchases. The higher prevalence of these characteristics in young adults and males helps to explain why these demographic groups are the most likely to purchase endorsed counterfeits.

The role of hope and attitude in luxury counterfeit purchase intention

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the emotion hope for social status and attitude toward counterfeit goods as predictors of consumers’ intention to purchase counterfeit products.. Design/methodology/approach – We conduct an experiment with 45 undergraduates (51% female) from different universities, which design was a 2 (hope for social status; hopeful vs non-hope) x 2 (attitude towards counterfeit goods; positive vs negative) full factorial, between-subjects. Findings – Results confirmed that people felt hopeful after manipulation; however, future steps of this investigation should consider the use of another instrument of manipulation even more effective. However, respondents also pointed out they felt happiness, which makes us believe that it is important to use an instrument of manipulation even more effectively to guarantee the achievement of the real manipulation, without the interference from extraneous variables. Theoretical/methodological contributions – Although originated in categories such as apparel and luxury accessories, counterfeiting now affects a wide range of industries, representing a major economic threat. This great amount of counterfeit trade worldwide is shocking, and leads us to argue: what are the factors that influence the intention to purchase these products, especially regarding the consumption of luxury counterfeit brands? We believe that emotion may represent an important role in people’s intention to purchase counterfeit goods. Besides, the attitude towards counterfeit goods may also imply variations of intention to purchase, playing a moderator role. The inclusion of emotion in consumer behavior studies presents a significant opportunity to develop theory and practice in this area of study. Originality/value – The explanations of whether emotions may represent antecedents of the purchasing of counterfeits are quite limited, and the understanding of the motivations behind the purchase of such products remains undefined in the marketing literature. Analysis of the study shows that hope and attitude can simultaneously offer opportunities for consumer behavior research.

Counterfeit Purchase Intention of Fashion Brands: The Personal Values and Social Aspect of Consumers as Determinants

Counterfeiting has become a growth industry in Indonesia. Consumers in Indonesia tend to find counterfeit products very easily, especially fashion products. The aim of this quantitative study is to analyze personal values and social factors toward counterfeit items and the intention to purchase counterfeit goods in Indonesia, with a focus on fashion products. The study also aims at analyzing the influence of novelty seeking, integrity values, and status consumption on people’s attitudes toward counterfeit goods. Furthermore, this study also addresses the influence of perceived risk, information susceptibility, physical vanity, and vanity-achievement on the intention to purchase counterfeit products. One hundred and ninety-three respondents were included in our study after survey questionnaires had been distributed in Indonesia. The respondents were 19 to 44 years old, living in Jakarta, Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi, Yogyakarta, Bandung, Medan, Jambi, Batam, Pekanbaru and Samarinda, all of which are larger cities in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using partial least squares. The results of the study showed that the attitude toward counterfeit items was the most important factor in the willingness to purchase counterfeit goods. Novelty seeking, integrity, status consumption, and information susceptibility were also important determinants of people’s attitudes toward counterfeit products. Perceived risk, physical vanity, and achievement vanity were found to have an insignificant relationship with the intention to purchase counterfeit products . This study also has an impact on marketing strategies. One of them is marketers can offer very prestigious brands to reduce the trade in counterfeit luxury brands.

The economic value and determinants of tourists’ counterfeit purchases: The case of Hong Kong

Counterfeiting of fashion brands is a multi-billion dollar industry with an increasing number of goods being counterfeited. This research takes a demand-side approach to measuring counterfeiting activity among tourists in Hong Kong. Non-deceptive counterfeit purchases by tourists in Hong Kong amount to US$761.32 million per year. Tourists’ decision of whether to purchase counterfeit goods depended on a mix of extrinsic and intrinsic factors including psychometric variables, trip-related characteristics, and sociodemographics. Lowering the prices of genuine goods and explaining the risks of purchasing counterfeit goods would be the most effective anti-counterfeit measures. However, lowering the price of genuine goods can diminish the brand image of these luxury items.

Discovering Meaning behind Consumer Involvement in Counterfeit Consumption Behaviour

The rising demand on counterfeit goods has led to a new phenomenon in consumer behavior. Counterfeit goods have long been labelled as inferior in quality, and often targeted at consumers with low purchasing power. However, current trends show that there is a rise in the number of consumers who willingly purchase counterfeit goods despite being able to afford the original merchandise. This paper seeks to explain the phenomenon of non-deceptive counterfeit goods demand among Malaysian consumers by analyzing consumer meaning from real life experiences. The concept of consumer rationalization on this unethical practice leads to the construction of meaning behind consumer involvement in counterfeit consumption behavior. This research reveals three themes of meaning behind consumer involvement namely: “It’s just a fading material object”, “It’s just the right time” and “I need to protect it”. This research is also one of the few studies that identify the meaning behind consumer involvement in counterfeit consumption from the perspective of the consumers’ real-life experience. This paper contributes to the scholarly and managerial fields specifically in the Malaysian context by providing more insights into this phenomenon.

The Devil might wear Prada, but Narcissus wears counterfeit Gucci! How social adjustive functions influence counterfeit luxury purchases

People buy counterfeit luxury goods for a range of reasons, including status and belonging. Previous research has shown these stem from an individual's value-expressive or social-adjustive attitudes. However, there appears to be limited research identifying a clear causal relationship between these and intention to purchase counterfeit goods, or how these attitude functions might be used to inhibit purchase of counterfeit luxury products. Using a mixed (survey/experiment) design, in two studies this research demonstrates an individual's social adjustive function has a positive influence on purchase intent for counterfeit luxury goods. However, the use of value expressive ad appeals can limit this effect on consumer decision making. The findings also demonstrate the existence of contingent effects across different levels of product involvement and product knowledge. The contingent effects help better understand the inconsistent findings in the literature regarding the influence of value-expressive and social-adjustive functions on counterfeit purchase intention, and shed light on the interplay among these variables.

The Effects of Risk Preferences on Consumer Purchasing Counterfeit Goods Online

Nowadays ways of purchase are changing with the maturity and rapid development of e-commerce. There are two studies in this research paper. In study 1, one online experiment was conducted with 263 subjects, it aims to figure out the relationship between consumers' risk preference and risk in online purchase environment. In study 2, the other online experiment was conducted involving 263 subjects. It aims to explore consumer purchase intention in counterfeit goods by experimental design including those three variables. It is found risk preferences on consumers and risks in purchase environment must be considered in the same time, because the interaction between risk preference of consumers and risks in online purchase environment for impact on purchase intention will be significant. The product itself like product with logo or not is the biggest factor to attract consumers to purchase. Risk will not affect consumer purchase intention while there are no other variables; but it would affect consumers purchase intention while consumers consider brand logo at same time.

LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR STUDYING CONSUMER PURCHASING OF COUNTERFEIT GOODS

ABSTRACT Entirely based on literature review, this essay focuses on the production and purchasing of counterfeit goods. It explores the consumer's reasons and inclinations for purchasing counterfeit goods, states the definition of counterfeiting, analyzes the characteristics of such goods, and briefly discusses the theoretical models of counterfeit goods, the type of counterfeit goods, and the various views about the consumer's attitude to counterfeit products. The review ends by pointing out a few faults of the current approaches and briefly outlining future research directions. Keywords Counterfeit goods; Consumer Attitude; Consumer Intention; Literature Review

The pursuit of counterfeited luxury: An examination of the negative side effects of close consumer–brand connections

Over the past two decades, the counterfeiting industry has cost U.S. manufacturers over $200 billion. In this study, we extend current research on consumers' willingness to purchase counterfeit products by demonstrating that consumers' need to build their self-concept via selfbrand connection directly impact consumers' willingness to purchase counterfeits and these effects are moderated by value consciousness and openness to experience. As a result, our findings move beyond simple assessments of the impact of demographics and social norms to provide a deeper understanding of why and when consumers purchase counterfeit goods. The findings provide new insights that luxury brand managers could leverage to proactively combat counterfeiting and begin curtailing their losses due to the sale of fake goods.

OEM Component Authentication

Counterfeiting of high-tech products is a major concern today. Legitimate companies sustain a direct financial burden from lost sales-plus deteriorated brand equity, which may have taken years to build. Unknowing consumers don't always benefit from purchasing counterfeit goods, because product safety may be jeopardized and presumed warranties voided. Proven cryptographic protocols offer powerful turnkey solutions for various embedded systems to counter these problems.

Consumer demand for counterfeit goods

Research on counterfeiting has focused on the supply side, with scant attention to consumer demand for counterfeit goods. Anticounterfeiting efforts would benefit from the identification of the segment(s) of consumer counterfeiting accomplices, consumers who knowingly purchase counterfeit products. This article reports on three studies, conducted at flea markets and malls, that attempted to identify consumer accomplices. Study 1 investigated prepurchase factors, Study 2 focused on factors active during purchasing, and Study 3 concentrated on postpurchase factors. The results suggest the existence of a typology of consumer accomplices, sly shoppers who purposely purchase counterfeit goods to demonstrate their consumer shrewdness and economically concerned shoppers whose intentional purchase of fake goods is driven by economic concerns. Implications for marketing practitioners are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Non‐price determinants of intention to purchase counterfeit goods

Counterfeiting is a serious problem besetting an increasing number of industries. It affects not only products whose brand name is synonymous with its quality or flavour, but also products which require a high level of research and development, and marketing. Counterfeit merchandise cuts into profits and harms the brand owner′s reputation. To be effective in eradicating counterfeiting, one also has to understand the consumer′s propensity to purchase counterfeit products. Challenges the prevalent assumption that price is the main motive for purchasing counterfeit products. Offers conceptualizations of eight possible non‐price determinants of consumers′ behavioural intention towards the purchase of counterfeit products. Uses established scale development procedures to create multi‐item scales for these non‐price constructs. Explores the explanatory role of these constructs by relating them to purchase intention responses for four common counterfeit consumer products, through multiple regression analyses. A convenience survey of consumers in a South‐East Asian city with a pattern of use of counterfeit goods provides data for this study. Results suggest that non‐price determinants, particularly those relating to perceived product attributes and attitude towards counterfeiting, affect consumers′ intention to purchase counterfeit products. The type and magnitude of influence of these, however, differ across products as well as individuals. Discusses implications for branded goods marketers and policy makers.