Punching Shear Strength Research Articles

EFFECT OF REINFORCEMENT CORROSION ON THE PUNCHING SHEAR OF RC SLABS INCORPORATING MACRO SYNTHETIC FIBERS

This paper is part of an ongoing research on the effect of discrete fiber reinforcement on punching shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to accelerated corrosion regime of steel reinforcement. Results obtained from RC slabs incorporating macro synthetic fibers will be presented. Six RC slabs (1500 mm ×1500 mm ×100 mm) were prepared with a constant reinforcing steel ratio and incorporating synthetic fibers at different dosages (0.0 %, 0.5% and 0.75% by volume). The corroded set of slabs were subjected to an impressed current (IC) accelerated corrosion regime for 36 days with an applied constant current density of 500 µA/cm2. The slabs were subjected to wetting-drying cycles of 1 day wet and 2 days dry. During the wet cycle, the slabs were fully submerged in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The applied current results in a theoretical mass loss of steel by around 7%. The slabs were tested in a simply supported configuration until failure. The measured test parameters included the applied load, the slab deflection, and monitored the observed cracking. The results showed that reinforcement corrosion affected the slabs' performance in terms of strength and deflection capacities, as well as the cracking behavior. The load-deflection response showed that the addition of synthetic fibers could reduce the impact of steel corrosion on the punching shear behavior of the RC slab. Furthermore, the presence of synthetic fibers significantly limited the development of corrosion activity in the slabs by delaying corrosion-induced cracks when compared to the control slabs.

Punching shear of reinforced concrete slabs bonded with reactive powder after exposure to fire

Abstract Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is one of the most recent and significant advancements in the world of building. Due to its higher concrete characteristics, it has a common excessive benevolence happening in the globe at the moment, excessive ductility, shrinkage resistance, and corrosion and abrasion resistance. Investigated is the method for amending the RPC experimentally in punching shear slab action and the properties of construction material to investigate properties of volumetric ratios of steel fiber, and silicas fume, tensile steel ratio, the most important component for construction is reinforced concrete, which works well with other materials to create structures in any shape that is needed. In the present research, investigational work of RC slab with (1,000 × 1,000 × 60) mm dimensions was tested. This study aims to see how the relative volume of steel fibers (Vf) and silica fume content (Sf) affect the actions of RC slabs after being exposed to fire. It originated that a concrete mix containing 2% steel fibers improved the RPC slab's cracking and final punching shear. The existence of reactive powder increases fire resistance. This study's experiment aimed to see how reactive powder and Slab's ultimate punching shear strength were affected by replacement ratio. Whenever a fire is present. After fire exposure, the initial and subsequent stiffness of reinforced concrete slabs reduced considerably the temperature grew from 25 to 750°C.

Experimental investigation of punching shear behaviour of ultra-high performance self-compacting concrete slabs

The use of heavy reinforced and thick transfer-slab in multipurpose tall buildings is crucial to dealing with many issues such as high bending and punching shear stresses created from relocation of columns in floors above transfer-slab. Ultra-High Performance Self-Compacting Concrete (UHPSCC) is a proper option for coping with the problem of dense reinforcement. In predicting the punching shear capacity of concrete slabs, most existing code provisions limited the concrete compressive strength up to 70 MPa. Furthermore, no code provisions deal with estimating the punching shear capability of UHPSCC slabs. For these reasons, the present paper aims to investigate experimentally the punching shear behaviour of the interior slab-column joint made of a developed UHPSCC blend had a compressive strength of more than 120 MPa. The study takes into account the effect of design parameters such as type of concrete, slab thickness, and reinforcement ratio on the punching shear capacity. The study explores if the existing code shear provisions could be utilized to estimate the punching shear strength of UHPSCC and UHPC slab-column connections. In terms of estimating the punching shear capacity of such slab-column joints using available code provisions, regardless of their concrete compressive strength limits (using the available code formulae to estimate punching shear strength twice, once with the code restrictions of concrete compressive strength and once without), the available code shear models were significantly conservative, indicating the need to develop a new punching shear model for such slab-column connections. The European Code (EC2, 2004) has the best appropriate formula for predicting the nominal punching load capacity of UHSC slabs among the present well-known code punching provisions. The critical punching section of the UHPSCC slab was detected at 1.5 times the slab's effective depth measured from the column face. For a slab thickness of 200 mm, increasing the tensile steel ratio from 1.3% to 2.0% increased the punching strength of UHPSCC by 77.6%. At a reinforcement ratio of 1.7%, raising the slab thickness from 160 to 240 mm boosted the punching strength by 118.6%. In view of the study's outcomes, in addition to its ability to address the issue of dense reinforcement, the use of UHPSCC provides great potential for improving the punching shear capacity of heavy-loaded slab-column connections.

Reduced area approach for predicting punching shear resistance of biaxial hollow slabs with openings

Due to the inclusion of hollow plastic spheres in bubbled slab systems, the shear resistance is greatly reduced. Also, the existence of the opening in the vicinity of columns takes away part of the concrete responsible for resisting shear forces and unbalanced moments, which in turn further reduces the punching shear capacity of the slab-column connection. In this study, experimental and theoretical investigations had been carried out on bubbled slabs with 2000 × 2000 × 230 mm dimensions. The investigated parameters were the size, position, distance of opening relative to the column stub, and the location of bubbles relative to the critical shear perimeter. A new calculation approach for determining punching shear resistance for bubbled slabs was developed. The proposed modification for calculating the effective critical perimeter showed an appropriate range of agreement of the punching shear strength, which is calculated by the methods adopted by (ACI 318, Eurocode 2, BS 8110, and AS 3600) codes, in comparison to the experimental data. The average ratios of the test results to the calculated punching shear capacity determined according to the proposed approach are between 1.007 and 1.417 with a standard deviation of 0.039–0.186 and a coefficient of variation of 0.038–0.131.

PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOR AND STRENGTH OF FLAT SLABS

Prestressed and reinforced concrete flat plates are susceptible to failure due to punching shear. Modeling the punching shear strength of prestressed concrete slabs poses conceptual challenges, as it involves various factors, including the bonding of tendons, stress in tendons during punching failure (which can be indeterminate), tendon banding, and the presence of draped tendons that yield a beneficial vertical component of the prestressing force. Additionally, prestressed concrete slabs typically require supplementary bonded reinforcement. The objective of this research is to comprehensively investigate the physical behavior of each test specimen, considering parameters such as deflections, crack patterns, crack widths, mode of failure, and to compare the punching shear resistance of interior slab-column connections with various code provisions. The study involved testing a total of five interior slab-column connections, each measuring 1600×1600 mm in size, 80 mm in thickness, with square columns of 180×180 mm and a height of 300 mm. Keywords: Slab, Punching, Shear, Design, Codes, prestressing.

Effects of Coarse Aggregate Rap Content on the Mechanical and Shear Performance of HMA by the UPT Method

Abstract In recent years, the use of materials derived from recycled asphalt has attracted the attention of airfield and highway construction researchers. Since the making of these products is economically cost-effective, one idea about how to use them is to use coarse-grained crumbs from recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP), which are agglomerates that can be found in coarse RAP, as a replacement for virgin asphalt.The goal of the current study is to investigate the performance of hot mix asphalt created with various percents of RAP. The punching shear strength of cylindrical specimens versus the penetration of steel rods with fixed and determined diameters into an asphalt specimen is one of the tests used to study the shear strength of asphalt. Other typical tests include a test of the structural strength and resilient modulus with two rectangular and sinusoidal loading shapes, respectively, as well as the specimen's strength against different temperatures of asphalt mixtures containing 10, 20, and 30% coarse-grained RAP. The results show that the resilient strength of the samples with a maximum 30% coarse-grained RAP is within reasonable limits. Furthermore, the semi-sinusoidal loading has a higher resilience modulus than rectangular loading. It is also observed during uniaxial penetration testing (UPT) that increasing the RAP increases the penetration of the steel rod, thereby implying that the shear strength of the asphalt has decreased.

Metaheuristic Optimization of Random Forest for Predicting Punch Shear Strength of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Beams.

Predicting the punching shear strength (PSS) of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforced concrete (FRP-RC) beams is a critical task in the design and assessment of reinforced concrete structures. This study utilized three meta-heuristic optimization algorithms, namely ant lion optimizer (ALO), moth flame optimizer (MFO), and salp swarm algorithm (SSA), to select the optimal hyperparameters of the random forest (RF) model for predicting the punching shear strength (PSS) of FRP-RC beams. Seven features of FRP-RC beams were considered as inputs parameters, including types of column section (TCS), cross-sectional area of the column (CAC), slab's effective depth (SED), span-depth ratio (SDR), compressive strength of concrete (CSC), yield strength of reinforcement (YSR), and reinforcement ratio (RR). The results indicate that the ALO-RF model with a population size of 100 has the best prediction performance among all models, with MAE of 25.0525, MAPE of 6.5696, R2 of 0.9820, and RMSE of 59.9677 in the training phase, and MAE of 52.5601, MAPE of 15.5083, R2 of 0.941, and RMSE of 101.6494 in the testing phase. The slab's effective depth (SED) has the largest contribution to predicting the PSS, which means that adjusting SED can effectively control the PSS. Furthermore, the hybrid machine learning model optimized by metaheuristic algorithms outperforms traditional models in terms of prediction accuracy and error control.

Analytically Design and Tested the Flat Slab with Drop and Without Drop under Punching Shear Strength Considerations

Abstract: Two types of flat slab are tested one having drop and another having no drop. Shape of openings-(circular, rectangular and square) having sizes of openings (500mm dia, 400mm x 500mm, 445mm x 445mm) respectively. Dimension of slab panel is (6000mmx 6000mm x 220mm) and the drop having size (3000mmx 3000mm). size of column – (500mmx 500mm). The provision of location of openings is at center of the slab panel. Software CSI Safe16 is used to analytically design and check the result. End result is based on punching shear value, deflection, Maximum shear force and maximum bending moment.

Numerical and Experimental Behavior Analysis of Slabs Strengthened Using Steel Plates and Slurry-Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) Laminates

This study has two main aims; firstly, investigating the behavior of slabs that are strengthened with different types of reinforcements and with Slurry-Infiltrated Mat Concrete (SIMCON) laminates, having different dimensions and thicknesses and subjected to static and dynamic (impact) loads. Secondly, the development of a non-linear finite element (FE) model to simulate the behavior of the tested slabs utilizing the ABAQUS/Standard package. The modeling of the NSC slabs strengthened with either SIMCON or steel plates involves using three-dimensional solid elements that are partially integrated with the modeling of concretes using the 8-node brick element (C3D8R). The results of the experimental and numerical investigations are compared to examine whether the slab modeling is sufficient. The comparison includes the element type, material characteristics, real constants, and convergence study. The predicted ultimate load-carrying capacity versus vertical deformation response is compared with the lab results that correspond with it, as obtained via the FE analysis of all tested slabs. In addition, the results of the FE analysis of slab specimens that are strengthened with steel plates were compared to the results of the ones strengthened using SIMCON laminates. The obtained results have led to a number of significant observations. Considering the punching shear strength, it was found that using SIMCON strengthening in different dimensions increased the slab’s punching shear capacity and outperformed steel-strengthened slabs. As for the plate stiffness, SIMCON-strengthened slabs presented higher stiffness rates than steel-strengthened slabs, to the extent that even 20 mm SIMCON strengthening outperformed the steel plate-strengthened slabs of any thickness or dimensions. The axial load-displacement relationships indicate that all the numerical models show a stiffer behavior when compared with the experimental axial load-displacement relationships. The slab thickness of SIMCON significantly affects the load-carrying capacity, and it increases with the increase in thickness. Likewise, using strengthening from steel plates gives a higher load-carrying capacity. Finally, since the results of the yield line analyses for these slabs are found to match the experimental results closely, this method is considered to be suitable for practical use in determining the strength of plated slabs. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the proposed FE model can be sufficiently used in evaluating the dynamic responses of slabs strengthened with SIMCON or steel plates and subjected to cyclic and impact load.

Punching shear strength model of reinforced concrete footing considering bilinear contact stress on subgrade

The present design codes assume a linear distribution of contact stress on subgrade. Actually, the contact stress on subgrade is a nonlinear distribution. To evaluate the error caused by linear contact stress relative to nonlinear contact stress on the punching shear strength of RC footing, this paper performed punching test of footing with different eccentricity and the column perimeter to effective depth ratio, considering nonlinear contact stress on subgrade. Based on the experimental results and analysis, a bilinear contact stress distribution on subgrade is proposed. Furthermore, the calculation method based on the most unfavorable side checking is proposed to weaken the influence of the overall nonlinear contact stress. Finally, the proposed calculation method is verified for reliability and applicability based on the available experimental data. The results show that eccentricity and column perimeter to effective depth ratio significantly affect the punching shear capacity. The error caused by linear contact stress should be a concern by the codes. The bilinear contact stress distribution on subgrade is suitable for non-cohesive soil. The proposed calculation method has good reliability and applicability, and it meets the challenge posed by the nonlinear contact stress on subgrade for the assessment of column footing punching shear capacity.

Punching Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plates with Openings

Test results of six half-scale reinforced concrete flat plates connections with an opening in the vicinity of the column are reported. The test specimens represent a portion of a slab bounded by the lines of contraflexure around the column. The tests were designed to study the effect of openings on the punching shear behavior of the slab-column connections. The test parameters were the location and the size of the openings. One specimen had no opening and the remaining five had various arrangements of openings around the column. All specimens were cast with normal density concrete of approximately 30 MPa compressive strength. The openings in the specimens were square, with the sides parallel to the sides of the column. Three sizes of openings were used: the same size as the column (150 x 150 mm), 67 percent of the column size (100 x 100mm), and 150 percent of the column size (225×225mm). Due to the presence of the openings, the specimens showed a decrease in punching shear capacity ranged between 11.43% and 29.25% with respect to the control solid slab. Also, the stiffness decreased between 0.31% and 83.00%, depending on the size and location of these openings with respect to the column.

Punching shear and flexural performance of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) slabs

Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) is a high-performance cementitious composite that is characterised by superior mechanical properties, high energy absorption capacity and enhanced durability. The mechanical characteristics of UHPFRC and more specifically the enhanced tensile strength and the significant energy absorption and crack resistance make it a very popular material, especially for extreme loading conditions or in cases of thin load bearing elements.UHPFRC has been recently introduced in applications such as bridge decks, and thin slabs and for the strengthening of existing elements. However, the punching shear performance and the effect of the fibres on the punching shear strength of UHPFRC have not been sufficiently studied. Also, there is a lack of provisions for the punching shear design of UHPFRC, which limits the extensive application of UHPFRC in thin elements especially when there are concentrated loads.In this study, extensive experimental work has been conducted on slabs with different geometries and various mixes and valuable results are presented for the flexural and the punching shear capacities of UHPFRC. Also, methodologies for the calculation of the punching shear and the flexural capacities of UHPFRC slabs have been examined and important conclusions have been drawn.

Numerical assessment of punching shear strength of eccentrically loaded footings with nonconventional shear reinforcement

Rapid increase rate of using flat slabs and flat foundations is noticed in different reinforced concrete projects. These concrete elements have many features in their concrete casting and reinforcement placement, but on the other side, the non-ductile punching shear failure around the supporting columns is the main issue. Many experimental and statistical studies have been focused on assessing the punching shear capacity of centric flat plate elements. Due to the size effect and fracture mechanics, the behavior of a thick flat foundation is not typical of the behavior of the thin elements, as the shear crack inclination angles with thick elements are steeper than those in thin flat plates. The difference in behavior is increased with eccentric loadings. Construction imperfections and/or limited foundation space are the main reasons for these eccentricities. This puts limitations on using some previously developed punching shear formulas when dealing with thick footing elements. This numerical study investigates the behavior of both centric and eccentric loaded flat thick footings without and with shear reinforcement. This study showed a good prediction for the punching shear strength of footings with different eccentricity levels compared to the reference case studies. The results demonstrate that higher eccentric levels significantly reduce the strength of footings without shear reinforcement. However, the footing deformation capacity was improved. Parametric studies utilizing the validated developed numerical models have been conducted to assess the efficiency of two nonconventional shear reinforcements; U and S-shaped. Both options significantly increased the footing punching shear strength and improved the deformation capacity. In addition, the S-shaped reinforcing option showed its efficiency in limiting the strength reduction to 8% compared to 17% for footing without shear reinforcement under load eccentricity less than 1/9 of the footing length. Moreover, the arrangement of the S-shaped reinforcement can govern the behavior of the footings under different load conditions. The results of providing two identical amounts of S-shaped reinforcement showed that one closely spaced row is more efficient under centric loading while two rows are more suitable under eccentric loading.

Punching shear behavior of RC slabs incorporating macro-synthetic fibers

The effect of macro synthetic fibers on punching shear behavior of reinforced concrete slabs was investigated. Twenty-four square reinforced concrete slabs (1500 mm × 1500 mm) were prepared, instrumented, and tested under monotonic, displacement controlled, center-point load in a simply-supported configuration. The main test parameters were the fiber volume fraction (0.5% and 1%), slab thickness (100 mm and 150 mm), and the flexural reinforcement ratio (0.9% and 1.5%). Test measurements included applied load, slab deflection, strains in the steel reinforcement and in the concrete. The development of the cracks for the duration of the test was also monitored and recorded. The test results showed that the punching shear strength, deflection capacity, and energy absorption of the FRC slabs were significantly improved by the presence of macro synthetic fibers. This improvement was associated by a more defined punching shear area, higher cracking density, higher strain in the concrete and a lower strain in the reinforcement steel. Furthermore, the level of improvement was found to be more pronounced in the FRC slabs with lower thickness, lower reinforcement ratio and higher fiber volume fraction.

Numerical investigations on punching shear behavior of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete footings

The undesired punching shear failure around the columns is the most critical scenario that causes a brittle failure of reinforced concrete flat plates. Matured studies and code provisions are available to assess the punching shear strength of thin flat plates. The punching shear behavior of thick plates differs from thin flat ones and produces a steeper shear crack. At the construction of thick footing plates, as some tolerances are permitted, the footing may be subjected to eccentric loading. However, there is a lack of studies on the footing performance under eccentric load. This numerical study aims to develop and validate a numerical model to examine the punching shear behavior of full-scale eccentrically loaded footings. The results have shown the accurate prediction of the developed numerical model of the reference case studies. The validated model has been utilized to examine the influence of three eccentricity ratios; 1/18, 1/9, and 1/6 of the footing length. The results demonstrated the significant influence of the load eccentricity on the punching shear strength of footings and the shear crack distribution. Moreover, parametric studies on sets of footings indicate that column perimeter to depth ratio and shear span to depth ratio play a key role in determining the footing behavior. The shear strength is found to increase with the increase of column perimeter to depth ratio and with the reduction of shear span to depth ratio. In addition, the negative effect of the eccentricity is less pronounced in the case of footings with a low shear span to depth ratio. Furthermore, the prEC2 approach for predicting the shear strength of eccentrically loaded footings has been assessed. It has been observed that the codeequation is found inaccurate with eccentric loading cases and needs some modification. The study ended with the development and verification of an equation that helps in obtaining more accurate results compared to the reference tests.

Punching and post-punching shear failure behaviors of laterally-restrained and eccentrically loaded flat plate slab-column joints with drop panels

In concrete flat plate slab-column joints with drop panels, successive punching shear failures often occur at the slab-drop panel interface and along the column perimeter. When such joints are subjected to combined bending-shear actions under an eccentric load, their punching and post-punching shear failure behaviours are further complicated which can significantly impact the progressive collapse behaviour of the structural system. An experimental study was conducted on six laterally-restrained slab-column joint specimens with drop panels. Different levels of load eccentricities and different drop panel thicknesses were considered. Two punching shear failure sections were also identified. For a thick drop panel, the first punching failure took place at the slab-drop panel interface, followed by the second punching shear failure occurring along the column perimeter. For a thin drop panel, on the other hand, punching shear failure only occurred at the column perimeter. The damage patterns, the reinforcement strains and the joint strengths before and after punching failure at two different sections were analysed. Numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effects of load eccentricity on the inclination of the punching cone. Numerical results showed that the punching cone angles at the slab-drop panel interface and at the column perimeter are, on average, 11.6° and 27.1°, respectively. In addition, larger eccentricity contributed to higher cross-sectional shear stresses on the eccentric loading side, leading to reduced punching shear strength and earlier damage. Furthermore, the experimental and numerical punching shear strengths were compared against the predictions of the Chinese, American and European design codes. Finally, a post-punching strength prediction method was proposed, and the predicted strengths deviated from the experimental results by −16% and 23%, for the thick and thin drop panels, respectively. In addition, the integrity reinforcement was also found to contribute at least 80% to the post-punching shear strength.

Punching shear strength under static and dynamic loads

Modern domestic calculation methods and developed countries for determining the bearing capacity of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs for punching do not fully take into account all factors of design solutions and operating conditions. The available design provisions are made for the static operation of structures and there are no recommendations for taking into account the features of the dynamic impact on the overlap and the nature of the work of the node interfaces. The accepted empirical assumptions of the calculation, based on numerous experimental data, do not take into account the features of the stress-strain state of the coupling of the overlap with the column during destruction according to the punching scheme. This is due to the lack of computational models in which all the acting internal forces ensuring the resistance of the interface to penetration would be considered comprehensively. The complexity of the problem is due to the fact that the sections of the nodal interface are in an inhomogeneous stressed state. The stress-strain state of plates for punching under dynamic load is currently little studied. This article proposes a method for determining the bearing capacity of a symmetrical nodal coupling of a column with an overlap for punching under static and short-term dynamic loading. The proposed design model of the punching strength is based on the following prerequisites: the resistance to punching of a monolithic reinforced floor consists of the shear resistance along the surface of the reduced punching pyramid formed by the height of the compressed concrete zone; the strength of the concrete shear resistance increases due to volumetric compressive forces on the surface of the reduced punching pyramid; the angle of inclination of the faces of the punching pyramid depends on the loading speed. The obtained theoretical dependences are applicable under static and dynamic loading and are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.

Punching Shear Resistance of Corroded Slab–Column Connections Subjected to Eccentric Load

Due to the use of deicing salt, marine and offshore environments may cause rebar corrosion in RC flat-slab floor systems. This increases the possibility of punching shear failure of slab–column connections. However, few research results are available for RC slab–column connections with corroded rebar under eccentric load, which is very common in realistic loading conditions. To fill this gap, 15 full-scale RC flat slab–column connections were fabricated and tested to investigate the performance of corroded slab–column connections under eccentric load. The design variables included reinforcement ratio, loading eccentricity, and degree of rebar corrosion. There were two stages of the experimental process, including (1) accelerated rebar corrosion tests; and (2) quasi-static tests. It was found from the test results that, in general, rebar corrosion had detrimental effects on the punching shear strength and stiffness of the connections. In addition, corrosion of reinforcement may change the failure mode of slab–column connections. However, it was unexpected that the energy-dissipating capacity and deformation capacity of slab–column connections with high reinforcement ratio and small loading eccentricity increased with increasing corrosion degree.

Effect of Reinforcing Material on Punching Shear Strength of PC Slabs and its Evaluation

PC床版の押抜きせん断強度に与える補強材の影響を，破壊過程を含めて明らかにすることを目的に，既往の実験データやFEM解析を用いて各種検討を行った。その結果，PC床版の押抜きせん断強度に与える鉄筋比の影響は，RC床版より小さくなるものの，短繊維を混入したPC床版はRC床版より押抜きせん断強度の増加が顕著になることを確認した。また，繊維補強コンクリートを用いたPC床版の押抜きせん断強度は，残存引張強度と有効高さの影響を考慮した短繊維負担分をコンクリート負担分に足し合わす形で良好に評価できることを示した。

Nonlinear Analysis of Punching Behavior of Flat Slab at Corner Column Under Effect of Vertical Load

In this study, anon-linear 3D numerical analysis using ANSYS was performed to investigate the influence of slab and column dimension on the punching shear capacity of the corner slab-column connection. Most research studied the punching shear stress, but none of them studied the distribution of punching shear stress, which was assumed to be linear in different codes. Verification models have been used to simulate existing experimental data. Two factors were taken into consideration for their influence on the punching shear strength of the concrete: the slab aspect ratio, column aspect ratio, and other factors are constant. Therefore, twenty-one models of different slab and column dimensions were investigated, and a comparison between the results obtained by the finite element analysis and the numerical results was made. Also, a comparison between shear stresses computed using two different methods in the Egyptian code, the simplified method, and the detailed method, and compare them with the Ansys models.