Read 20th February, 1908. Manuscript received 14th November, 1908. The district with which this paper deals forms part of the celebrated “Craven pasture ground.” It lies at the western end of the Craven or Aire Gap, and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal traverses it on its way through the Pennines. It is low, undulating country, varying in height from 300 to 700 feet, most of it lying between 400 and 600 feet O.D. It is drained by a number of small winding streams, probably the outcome of an inherited drainage. These streams wind in and out among the low rounded hills with which the district is studded, meandering through the “mosses” or alluvial flats, the drained “meres” which form the low fertile grass lands for which this part of Craven is so famous. Marton is said to be the tun or town by the mere. Much of the district is covered with glacial deposits of very variable nature and thickness, and in the opening up of the numerous quarries it has usually been necessary to remove a considerable quantity of drift. The quarries are consequently found on the slopes or near the summits of the low hills. I do not know, in the low flat lands, a single cutting which has reached the solid rock below. There is a good typical section of Boulder Clay, containing striated boulders of limestone and green grit (probably Silurian), lying on the upturned edge of the limestone, in a quarry at Punch Bowl Hill, ...