Pumpkin Fruit Research Articles

Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Associated Revenues in No-tillage Pumpkin

The use of no tillage (NT) integrated with cover cropping is a management practice that is becoming more popular with commercial ‘jack-o-lantern’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) growers in the eastern and midwestern United States, although little is known about nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements for this production system. A field study was established at the Southern Illinois University Horticulture Research Center in Carbondale to evaluate the yield response of pumpkin and associated revenues to N fertilization in a NT production system after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest. Nitrogen application rate affected pumpkin leaf chlorophyll content, and resulting yields and revenues. At all sampling dates, pumpkin fertilized with 224 kg·ha−1 N had the greatest leaf chlorophyll content. Quadratic relationships best described pumpkin fruit size and diameter increase with N rates from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. Furthermore, pumpkin fruit number and weight per hectare also increased in a quadratic manner, as N application rates increased from 0 to 224 kg·ha−1. The application of 168 kg·ha−1 N also provided high yields and large fruit sizes, although quadratic models indicated that maximum net revenues for NT pumpkins were achieved with 224 kg·ha−1 N. Growers applying 224 kg·ha−1 N would increase net revenues by ≈54%, 52%, and 51% at pumpkin fruit price points of $0.33, $0.44, $0.55 per kg, respectively, compared with 0 kg·ha−1 N fertilization. An additional 123 kg·ha−1 N from fertilizer was required for NT pumpkin production after wheat harvest in fields with high amounts of cereal straw residues on the soil surface compared with the 101 kg·ha−1 N recommended for conventional tillage systems with no cover crop residues. This study suggests that N fertilizer investments will provide significant monetary returns in NT pumpkin systems. However, the 168 kg·ha−1 N rate provided the highest return on fertilizer investment at all pumpkin pricing points compared with all other N rates evaluated. Additionally, pumpkins grown in NT systems using a winter grain crop that is ended at flowering should require similar N amounts, because little N is used during heading and grain ripening. Although growers often look for ways to reduce input costs in vegetable production systems, N fertilization is clearly an important investment that provides increased yields and revenues in NT pumpkins. The results of this study should provide additional information to establish N fertilizer recommendations for NT pumpkin production.

Evaluation of the Hardness of Pumpkin Pulp Depending on the Implemented Heat Treatment

Abstract The work is a compilation of the research results concerning the evaluation of the hardness of pumpkin pulp depending on the implemented methods of heat treatment, i. e. scalding pumpkin in hot water and acting on it with water steam. Extended time of pumpkin heat treatment, both in hot water and combi steamer with steam during 6 min resulted in the reduction of the pulp hardness at 46 % after steaming and 88 % after boiling and softening of the skin, which eased its mechanical removal (cleavage) from the pumpkin fruit. The study was targeted to search for the methods allowing the facilitation and mechanisation of skin removal process in the course of acquiring pumpkin pulp for food purposes.

Analisis Ekstrak Etanol Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita Moschata D.)

The ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita Moschata D.) has been recognized to have flavonoid compounds using the colorimetric method (AlCl3). The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of flavonoids in the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita Moschata D.). Ethanol extract of pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita Moschata D.) was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol with a concentration of 5 ppm. The concentration of flavonoid compounds in yellow pumpkin fruit extract (Cucurbita Moschata D.) was carried out using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer with a comparative material namely quercetin using the colorimetric method (AlCl3). The measurement of the quercetin calibration curve used a concentration of 2,4,6,8,10 ppm, and the equation y = 0.18x + 0.2785 with the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.9877. The measurement of maximum wavelength absorption is carried out in the range of 200-600 nm. The maximum wavelength produced is 268 nm at a concentration of 2 ppm or 2 πg / mL. The absorbance value of the sample of ethanol extract of pumpkin fruit is 0,2875; 0,2894; 0,2976 with an average of 0,2915. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin fruit (Cucurbita Moschata D.) has a level of flavonoid compounds 0,00288 mg/g or 0,288% at concentration of 5 ppm. Keyword – level, Flavonoid, UV-Vis, Cucurbita moschata, Pumpkin

Actual directions of processing fruits and vegetables into dietary foods

Ensuring public health is a task of national importance. One of the most significant factors that determine a person’s health and performance is nutrition. Dietary foods containing less sugar and carbohydrates, but more vitamins and natural substances, can significantly improve the health of the population, make agricultural technologies progressive and popular. The fruit and vegetable sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is considered one of the most labor-intensive and energy-intensive sectors of the economy, since it plays a significant role in the process of providing the population with nutritious food. Preservation of vitamins and minerals, achievement of high consumer properties of food products obtained from vegetables and fruits, is possible with the help of new original processing technologies. Improving the processing industry, processing lines and the methods of preparing fruit and vegetable products themselves is becoming an important part of the development of the agricultural industry. The beneficial properties of pumpkin and the possibility of obtaining new products from it with high consumer and pharmacological properties are considered. The high content of pectin in the pumpkin fruits makes it stand out among gourds. It should be noted that pumpkin pectin does not have gelling properties, but has a beneficial effect on human metabolism. As a food additive that changes the consistency and taste, pectin allows you to solve the traditional problem of improving the consumer properties of products, as well as affect the range of low-calorie foods of high biological value.

Identification of carotenoid pigments of pumpkin grown in the South of Russia

The article presents the results of studies of changes in the vitamin composition of pumpkin, grown in the Kuban region. Standard and modern methods of physical and chemical analysis were used in the research. It is shown that the nutritional value of this raw material allows to maintain its nutritional value for a long time. Differential determination of carotenoid pigments contained in pumpkin fruits was carried out. The quantitative characteristics of carotenoids were established and the predominant carotenoid pigments for the studied pumpkin varieties were specified.

Nutraceutical Characterization of Pumpkin Fruit (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir)

The promotion and consumption of indigenous vegetables could help to mitigate food insecurity and alleviate malnutrition in developing countries. Pumpkin is a nutritional source of valuable nutrients. Being rich source of carotenoids pumpkinbased food products can help in preventing various types of diseases. The present investigation was carried to enhance understanding regarding the nutraceutical molecules in fruit of eleven pumpkin genotypes. The study revealed that significant differences were observed for most of the traits. The moisture, flavanoids and zinc content was recorded higher in GP PK 29. Total soluble solids and vitamin C content was found maximum in GP PK 142. Total phenol, beta carotene and saponin content were higher in GP PK 67. The catalase enzyme activity was found higher in GP PK 132, while peroxidise and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity were observed higher in GP PK 23. Therefore, increase in the production and consumption of these nutrient-rich indigenous pumpkin fruits will help to supplement the diets and alleviate the problems associated with malnutrition in the country.

Economic Evaluation of Biodegradable Plastic Films in Tennessee Pumpkin Production

The use of polyethylene mulch in vegetable production is considered unsustainable because of its contribution to soil plastic pollution. Plastic biodegradable mulches (BDMs) are a more sustainable option because they are tilled into the soil or composted at the end of the cropping season, and designed to decompose into water, carbon dioxide, and microbial biomass, reducing soil plastic pollution. Regardless of the potential environmental benefits associated with the use of BDMs, farmers will have to evaluate the changes in profits when transitioning from polyethylene (PE) mulch to BDM before deciding to adopt BDMs. This study evaluates the factors associated with the economic feasibility of adopting BDM in pumpkin production using a partial budget and sensitivity analyses. Results suggest that the cost of BDM, labor costs, and sale price discounts, due to mulch adhesion in pumpkin fruit have the greatest impact on profits when transitioning from PE mulch to BDM. When assuming current market prices for PE mulch and BDM, the 2019 Tennessee Adverse Effect wage rate, and no price discounts, transitioning from PE mulch to BDM results in a positive impact on profits. When assuming a 5% price discount, this transition results in a negative impact on profits.

Efficacy of Sweet Pumpkin in Relieving Contact Dermatitis in Chronically Stressed Rats.

Background:Contact dermatitis (CD) is considered among the common inflammatory skin diseases worldwide. Cucurbita moschata Duchesne has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activity beside many other beneficial effects.Objectives:This study aimed to assess the effect of pumpkin fruit extract in treating CD in mice exposed to chronic stress and to explore the mechanism through which pumpkin can relief these changes.Materials and Methods:Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups (n = 10); the control and two experimental groups that were exposure to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks then painting with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) for 3 consecutive days/week for 2 weeks to induce CD. Biochemical assessment of corticosterone level and antioxidants activity was performed. Skin of affected areas was excised, processed for histopathological examination.Results:DNFB-induced CD presented with dryness, hardness, and scaling. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in the skin of rats had CD. Histopathologically, the shin showed hyperplastic-thickened epidermis, focal elongation of the rete ridges, inflammatory cells infiltration in the superficial dermis, and increased collagen fibers. Local administration of pumpkin extract significantly increased the antioxidants activity in the skin and alleviated the CD-associated changes.Conclusions:This study showed that the pumpkin fruit extract could have a potential in treating CD in stressed conditions mainly via its enhancement of skin antioxidant activity.

Optimal Conditions for Production of Fermented Flour from Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) for Infant Foods

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for production of a fermented pumpkin flour by lactic fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum and the effect of the fermentation on nutritional potential and functional properties of pumpkin. To achieve this, pumpkin fruit was collected in the Ngaoundere main market, peeled, sliced, and the flesh obtained was grated, pasteurized at 90ºC for 5 minutes and placed under lactic fermentation using L. plantarum (108 cfu/mL). The sample obtained was dried at 45ºC ± 2ºC for 24 hours and crushed to obtain a flour with particle size ≤ 500 µm. According to the Doehlert's plan used, time and temperature of fermentation varied from 24 to 96 hours and 30 to 50°C respectively. Responses sought were the optimal levels of total carotenoids and reducing sugars in the flours. Chemical composition of flour was determined to evaluate the effect of fermentation on food matrix used. Results indicate that to produce a pumpkin flour with highest content in both carotenoids and reducing sugars, optimal conditions of lactic fermentation with L. plantarum are 70h at 45°C. Under these conditions, there is a decrease of 72.1% of proteins and 67% of fibers, against an increase of 106% of reducing sugars. Total carotenoids content decreased by 4.6%, but the level is still higher than the threshold recommended for infant food formulation, while mineral content increases with fermentation. A reduction of anti-nutrients (phytates, tannins, phenolic compounds and oxalates) of more than 50% is also observed when fermenting pumpkin. The functional properties of fermented pulp show a decrease of water absorption capacity of 24% and an increase of 134.4% in bulk density. Fermented pumpkin flour could be used in infant food formulation, but need to be associated with other sources of proteins and minerals.

English

Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples (fruits) were randomly purchased. Of all the districts visited, Kulinyi has the highest percentage of disease samples (43.82%) while the least is Gaya district with 21.35%. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used for the isolation of pathogens and these gave Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Phytophthora capsici. All the fungal isolates exhibited different degree of pathogenic effect on the pumpkin fruits. The pathogens are susceptible to treatment both in-vitro and in-vivo control trials with wood ash and mango leaf at p &le; 0.05. Inhibition improved with increased in concentration of the wood ash and mango leaf. Rice chaff treatment equally proved worthwhile with significant inhibition compared to the control at p &le; 0.05. &nbsp; Key word: Pumpkin fruit, pathogens, ash, mango leaf, rice chaff.

English

Pumpkin is one of the underutilized fruit vegetables in Uganda despite the fact that it has wide spectrum of both nutritional and medicinal values. A survey was carried out to document local knowledge of pumpkin production; performance and utilization systems to aid the selection of pumpkin varieties to be used for particular value addition avenues. It was observed that twelve varieties of pumpkin are commonly grown and they are mainly distinguished by their skin colour, texture of epicarp and shape. Pumpkin production levels on large scale, small scale and subsistence were at 27.8, 66.7 and 5.6% respectively. Farmers reported that ‘pumpkin seeds are usually sown directly into the main garden;’ thus, nursery beds are rarely used by the farmers. Farmers appreciate the crop’s nutritional and medicinal values, in addition to being a source of livelihood. Pumpkin fruit vegetable is multi-purpose in that all the parts of the plant can be consumed thus minimizing food wastage and also the plant can stay long on the shelf thus has the potential to act as a food security crop. From the survey, it was observed that mostly elderly people above 46 years were involved in pumpkin cultivation; youths were less involved and pumpkin cultivation is mainly practiced on a small scale. The youths need to be educated and encouraged to get involved in pumpkin cultivation since it can reduce poverty levels, food insecurity and malnutrition. Key words: Agro-ecological zone, local knowledge, medicinal value, nutritional value, pumpkin, variety.

Phenotypic diversity of pumpkins from western Kenya using fruit morphological characters

Pumpkin ( Cucurbita spp.) is an important indigenous crop in Africa with high nutritional, medicinal and economic value. In Kenya, pumpkins still remain underutilised and neglected; as a result may face extinction. In this study, morphological diversity of eighty pumpkin samples from eight counties in western Kenya were evaluated based on qualitative and quantitative fruit characters, using International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) minimum descriptor for Cucurbitacea as a scoring guide. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of the morphological data, was conducted using XLSTAT 2017 software. Results showed that the first four principal components (PCs) were the most significant, accounting for a total variation of 73.85%. A scatterplot of the first two PCs accounted for 50.19% of the total variation. Majority of the samples were densely scattered. Cluster analysis and the similarity dendrogram grouped the samples into five clusters. The most effective characters for discriminating pumpkin fruits were fruit diameter, fruit width, fruit length, and length to diameter ratio. These may be described as fruit yield characters with desirable traits for productivity, therefore, presenting a good opportunity for breeders to improve pumpkins and for screening and selecting germplasms. Key words: Cucurbita spp., IPGRI, morphological diversity

Development and physicochemical, thermal and mechanical properties of edible films based on pumpkin, lentil and quinoa starches

Starches isolated from pumpkin fruits, lentil and quinoa seeds were used to prepare edible films. Physicochemical, thermal and mechanical properties of films were determined and compared with potato-based starch (PS) film. It was found that botanical origin of starch has a crucial effect on the films properties. The much lower solubility and higher swelling capacity compared to PS film exhibited lentil and pumpkin starch-based films, respectively. All of the films exhibited significantly higher water vapor permeability compared to PS one. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the films varied between 8.98 and 13.85 MPa, and 3.35 to 4.44%, respectively. All of the films acted as a solid-like materials with prevalently elastic behavior and exhibited endothermic peaks in DSC measurement in the range of 249–281 °C, referred to the melting of films. This study demonstrated that starches from non-conventional sources are good alternative to conventional to develop edible films.

Ameliorative Activity of Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Fruit and Seeds Powders on Diabetic, Oxidative and Pancreatic Status in Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the one of the most common endocrine diseases that is characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism with an increased risk of much complications. Besides drugs classically used for the treatment of diabetes several species of plants have been described as having a hypoglycemic activity with decreased side effects.&#x0D; Aim of the Work: This work aimed to investigate the possible anti-diabetic effect of oral administration of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) fruit flesh and seeds powders on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats via studying blood glucose levels, oxidative biomarkers as well as islets of Langerhans structure changes.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: 60 adult albino rats of Sprague-Dawely strains (200±5 gm) were classified into five groups of ten animals each except diabetic control group was composed of twenty rats as follow Group I: healthy control; Group II: diabetic control ,Group III, IV and V: diabetic rats received 2 g pumpkin fruit, seeds, fruit and seeds mixture powders respectively /kg body weight daily by oral intubation.&#x0D; Results: The results of present study showed that pumpkin powders caused significant improvements (P≤0.05) in blood glucose, insulin levels and glycated hemoglobin percent compared to diabetic control group. Also pumpkin powders improved antioxidants activities and healed Langerhans islets by increasing their number and size in comparison with diabetic control group. Conclusion: The present study showed that pumpkin powders may normalize the various biochemical and pancreatic tissues abnormalities resulted due to diabetes metabolic disorders and it is a source of potent anti-diabetic agent. The diabetic rats that were administered with the pumpkin fruit powder, exhibited the highest improvements.

Morphological and functional heterogeneity in olfactory perception between antennae and maxillary palps in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa.

The morphology and ultrastructure of the olfactory sensilla on the antennae and maxillary palps were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their responses to five volatile compounds were measured using electroantenogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) techniques in the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki; Diptera: Tephritidae). Male and female B. depressa displayed distinct morphological types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, with predominant populations of trichoid, basiconic, and coeloconic sensilla. Basiconic sensilla, the most abundant type of olfactory sensilla in the antennae, could be further classified into two different types. In contrast, the maxillary palps exhibited predominant populations of a single type of curved basiconic sensilla. High-resolution SEM observation revealed the presence of multiple nanoscale wall-pores on the cuticular surface of trichoid and basiconic sensilla, indicating that their primary function is olfactory. In contrast, coeloconic sensilla displayed several longitudinal grooves around the sensillum peg. The TEM observation of individual antennal olfactory sensilla indicates that the basiconic sensilla are thin-walled, while the trichoid sensilla are thick-walled. The profile of EAG responses of male B. depressa was different from their EPG response profile, indicating that the olfactory function of maxillary palps is different from that of antennae in this species. The structural and functional variation in the olfactory sensilla between antennae and maxillary palps suggests that each plays an independent role in the perception of olfactory signals in B. depressa.

Characterization of Cucurbita maxima Fruit Metabolomic Profiling and Transcriptome to Reveal Fruit Quality and Ripening Gene Expression Patterns

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) fruit is the important dietary source of carotenoid and is known for the good flavour and texture due to the accumulation of sugar and starch. However, lack of transcriptional information hinders our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit quality attributes and nutrition in C. maxima. To provide insight into transcriptional regulation of fruit quality formation of C. maxima, quality analysis and high-throughput RNA sequencing of fruits at different developing stages were characterized. The quality analyses consist of dry matter values, percent soluble solids, carotenoid contents, and starch and sugar contents in seven stages of fruit development. Fruit transcriptome of C. maxima at five stages throughout development was assembled to elucidate the molecular regulation of fruit development. Almost 18 billion nucleotide bases were sequenced in total, and 48,471 unigenes were detected. A total of 32,397 (66.8%) unigenes were identified to be differentially expressed. We found there was a correlation between ripening-associated transcripts and metabolites and the functions of regulating genes. KEGG analysis showed there are multiple transcripts enriched in starch, sugar, carotenoid, plant hormone signal transduction and pectin pathways and several pathways regulating quality formation were identified. Candidate genes involving in sugar, starch, pectin, fruit softening and carotenoid metabolism in fruit were firstly identified for the species of C. maxima. Combining the sugar, starch and carotenoid accumulating patterns during fruit development, a series of possible rate limiting genes were identified. These findings will provide valuable information for further studies regarding fruit quality and development.

Analisis proksimat tepung daging buah labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kadar protein, lemak, serat, karbohidrat, air dan abu, pada tepung daging dari buah labu kuning. Labu kuning merupakan bahan pangan yang kaya zat gizi yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia. Pengetahuan konsumen akan kandungan zat gizi pada daging buah labu kuning yang masih minim menjadikan buah labu kuning dikategorikan sebagai komoditas pangan minor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode analisis laboratorium dengan tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut, penentuan dan pengambilan sampel, preparasi sampel, analisis kadar protein metode gunning, kadar lemak dengan metode soxhlet, kadar serat Metode SNI 01-2891-1992, kadar karbohidrat dan kadar air dan abu dengan metode oven pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung daging dari buah labu kuning memiliki kadar protein 4.28 %, lemak 0.18 %, serat 0.93 %, karbohidrat 83.18 %, air 6.75 % dan Abu 4,68 %.Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tepung daging buah labu kuning dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan fortifikasi pangan untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi bahan makanan.

PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI DI DESA SOMPAK MELALUI DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN BERBASIS LABU KUNING

The problem faced by the Padagi farmer group and the Nuk Diri farmer group is that yellow pumpkins are only sold in young condition for their needs as vegetables or sold their leaves so that farmers often face problems in living standards below the poverty line. The young pumpkin fruit is sold from house to house or sold at the village market. Partners do not know how to diversify various pumpkin processed products that have added value, are more resistant to storage and have a higher selling price. The method used in this activity is counseling, demonstration, training, and guidance in the process of making various pumpkins processed products such as nuggets, jams, brownies, sticks, and jelly candies. The evaluation was carried out on all activities. From this activity, it can be concluded that the level of partner participation has a positive impact on program implementation during training and mentoring. Â Keywords : processed products, pumpkin, group of female farmers.

Data on optimization of bioconversion of fruit rind of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted pumpkin) and poultry manure for biogas generation

Abstract The data described in this article was obtained in an experiment designed for generation of biogas from the anaerobic co-digestion of Fluted pumpkin fruit rind and poultry manure in three phases namely A, B and C. This paper is directly related to a published article “Dahunsi SO, Oranusi S, Efeovbokhan VE, Zahedi S, Ojediran JO, Olayanju A, Oluyori AP, Adekanye TA, Izebere JO, Enyinnaya M (2018). Biochemical conversion of fruit rind of Telfairia occidentalis (Fluted pumpkin) and Poultry manure. Energy Sources (Part A) Utilization and Environmental Effects, 40(23): 2799–2811”. This paper presents the data on optimization of important process parameters (temperature, pH, retention time, total solids and volatile solids) for standardization during the production of biogas. The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were both used for the modeling and optimization in this study and the optimal conditions for this process were statistically predicted as temperature of 30.02°C, pH of 7.90, retention time of 20.03 days, total solids of 5.94 g/kg and volatile solids of 4.01 g/kg. The predicted biogas yield under the above set conditions was 2614.1, 2289.9 and 1003.3 10−3 m3/kg VS for digestions ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively.

Characterization of mitogenome for pumpkin fruit fly, Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Kunming, Southwest China and the phylogeny within subfamily Dacinae

Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is widely distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia. complete sequence of the mitogenome of Z. tau has been determined in this study. The circular genome is 15830 bp long and contains a standard gene complement, that is, the large and small ribosomal RNA subunits, 22 transfer RNA genes, 13 genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, and a non-coding A + T-rich control region. The phylogeny showed that Z. tau is closely related to Z. depressus with high bootstrap value supported and that monophyletic Bactrocera, Zeugodacus, and Ceratitidini were correctly identified within subfamily Dacinae.