Oil Pump Research Articles

Research of the operation of a group of asynchronous motors at short-term voltage slopes for the conditions of the oil industry

Voltage dips are quite frequent and dangerous phenomenon, which can lead to disruption of the production process. Ensuring the stability of induction motors during voltage dips is an important task to ensure the continuity of the technological process, as well as to reduce material losses. THE PURPOSE. List the main causes of voltage dips. Develop a simulation model corresponding to a typical power supply scheme for an oil pumping station with a group of asynchronous motors as a load. Perform two series of calculations to determine the parameters of the electrical mode in case of voltage dips and the subsequent restoration of the voltage on the buses of the supply substation. METHODS. When solving the problem, the PSCAD software package was used. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, the main causes of voltage dips are given. The simulation of voltage dips resulting from a short circuit on the substation equipment has been performed. A series of calculations were performed, differing from each other in the changed initial data: the place of occurrence of a short circuit, the time delay of automatic transfer of the reserve. The analysis of the obtained results is carried out. CONCLUSION. According to the test results, it can be seen that the decrease in voltage on the low voltage buses of substations after the operation of automatic transfer switch is the lower, the longer the time delay of automatic transfer switch. In this work, the maximum time delay was 7 seconds, while there was no violation of the stability of the induction motors. The need to study the operation of a group of asynchronous motors in case of accidents in an external electrical network is also determined.

Simulation of oil pipeline shutdown and restart modes

The paper is devoted to the simulating of non-stationary processes of shutdown and restart on the example of a section of the Zhetybai-Uzen “hot” oil pipeline. A mathematical model of thermal-hydraulic calculation is given taking into account the rheological properties of the pumping oil. The special module of the SmartTran software developed by the work’s authors carried out the calculations. In the calculations, the decrease in time of oil temperature in the pipeline during cooling and the increase in oil pressure, temperature, velocity after the restart are determined. In addition, the calculations determine the power of pumping units, heating furnaces and the power consumption, which are necessary for restart of the pipeline after the shutdown. Simulation the processes of the pipeline cooling and restart after a shutdown makes it possible choosing the optimum parameters of pumping units at pumping stations and the time of safe shutdown of the oil pipeline.

A functional model-based approach for ship systems safety and reliability analysis: Application to a cruise ship lubricating oil system

The lubricating oil systems are essential for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the cruise ships power plants as demonstrated by recent incidents. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety enhancement of a cruise ship lubricating oil system by employing safety, reliability, availability and diagnosability analyses, which are based on the system functional modelling implemented in the MADe™ software. The safety analysis is implemented by combining a Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis and the systems functional Fault Tree Analysis. Subsequently, Reliability Block Diagrams are employed to estimate the system reliability and availability metrics. The MADe™ toolbox for determining sensors locations is employed for a more advanced diagnostic system development. A number of design modifications are proposed and the alternative configurations reliability metrics are estimated. The derived results demonstrate that the suction strainer and the lubricating oil pump are the most critical system components. Seven additional sensors are proposed to enhance the original system design. Compared with the original system design, the investigated alternative designs exhibit significantly lower probabilities of failure and higher values of availability.

Improving Energy Efficiency of Main Oil Pipeline Systems by Method of Multidimensional Network Optimization of Oil Flows

The aim of this paper is to explore the organization of oil’s traffic from various oilfields through a system of main pipelines adapted to control the rheological properties of the pumped product due to rational oil blending of various oilfields at the nodal points of the pipeline system – at oil pumping stations with storage facilities. The current trend of increasing high-viscosity and high-pour-point oil production and the urgent need of their main pipeline transport are the main problem of our research. Its solution will provide an oil-transfer system from various oilfields that will minimize the total energy consumption for oil pumping. To determine the blending parameters at the nodal points we suggest to use the standard multidimensional optimization algorithm: the simplex method as the main calculation module. The objective function is presented in the form of total energy consumption for oil pumping, depending on the concentration of oil blending at the nodal points of the main oil pipeline system. We propose a method for calculating the objective function for any branched main oil pipeline system using algorithms for constructing a blending tree and determining its properties using the tree traversal algorithm. The issues of determining the limits of possible blending based on mass balance and quality reserve preservation of oils that delivered to consumers were also considered in our paper work. As an example, we solved this problem for an element of a main oil pipeline system with four oil blending nodes in the case of an oil viscosity increase of one of the suppliers. Carrying out multidimensional optimization of energy consumption for this system made it possible to increase its energy efficiency by more than 2%.

Oil Pumps for EVs

To Fulfil the Current and Future Needs of Commercial EV Applications, Heavy-Duty Propulsion Systems Require New Cooling and Lubrication Solutions

Automated Oil Compounding Process Quality Control System

A new automated oil compounding process quality control system is described in this paper. This engineering solution pertains to automating devices and can be applied in pipeline transport for pumping oil from several pipelines into a common pipeline through which the compounded oil is transported to the consumer. The proposed engineering solution is based on the principle of compounding process intensification by ultrasonic treatment.

Исследование коррозионной активности атмосферы на нефтеперекачивающих станциях с резервуарными парками

В настоящее время в отечественных национальных и международных стандартах отсутствуют данные по коррозионной активности атмосферы регионов, в которых расположены нефтеперекачивающие станции с резервуарными парками, эксплуатируемые российским оператором магистральных нефте- и нефтепродуктопроводов. В нормативных документах ПАО «Транснефть», регламентирующих требования к антикоррозионным покрытиям для наружной поверхности резервуаров, определены три категории коррозионной активности атмосферы по ISO 12944-2:2017. Данная классификация учитывает климатические условия регионов, но не учитывает скорость коррозии стали. В этой связи с целью определения скорости коррозии стальных конструкций в различных климатических районах, где расположены объекты организаций системы «Транснефть», была проведена серия испытаний. На 28 НПС в восьми климатических районах были установлены стенды с образцами из стали 09Г2С. Скорость коррозии металла образцов определяли гравиметрическим методом после выдержки в течение шести месяцев, одного года, двух, трех, четырех и пяти лет. Установлено, что скорость коррозии металлических образцов составила от 55 до 236 г/(м∙год), что соответствует категории коррозионной активности атмосферы С2 и С3 по ISO 12944-2:2017 и ГОСТ 34667.2-2020. Наибольшая скорость коррозии - от 177 до 236 г/(м∙год) - наблюдалась в районах расположения НПС в непосредственной близости от моря (до 1,5 км от береговой линии). Currently, there is no data included in the state and international standards on the corrosion activity of the atmosphere in the regions in which oil pumping stations with tank farms are situated, which are operated by Russian main oil and oil products pipeline operators. In the regulatory documents of Transneft PJSC, which specify the requirement for anticorrosion coatings for the outer surfaces of tanks, three categories of atmospheric corrosion activity are defined as per ISO 12944-2:2017. This classification takes into account the climatic conditions of the regions, but not the steel corrosion rate. In this regard, in order to determine the corrosion rate of steel structure in various climatic regions, where Transneft facilities are situated, a series of tests was performed. The test bench with 09G2S steel samples was installed on 28 oil pumping stations in eight climatic regions. The corrosion rate of the metal samples was determined by the gravimetric method after tempering within the period of six months, one year, two, three, four and five years. It has been established that the corrosion rate of the metal samples amounted from 55 to 236 g/(m·per year), which corresponds to the atmospheric corrosion activity category C2 and C3 as per ISO 12944-2:2017 and GOST 34667.2-2020. The highest corrosion rate, from 177 to 236 g/(m·per year) - was observed in the OPS location regions with close proximity to sea (1,5 km to shore line).

What did NAM do to get a social licence to operate? The social impact history of the Schoonebeek oilfield in the Netherlands

From 1943 to 1996, the small rural community of Schoonebeek in the eastern Netherlands hosted the largest onshore oilfield in western Europe. Some 250 million barrels of oil were produced, bringing prosperity to the municipality and local community. With generous compensation paid by NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij, a partnership between Shell and ExxonMobil), local people greatly benefited from oil extraction. However, there were also negative social impacts, including: an influx of outsiders; changes to social structure, social fabric, social cohesion, and community identity; disruption to the peaceful rural setting; and industrialisation of the landscape. Nevertheless, the oil pumping installations (‘jaknikkers’ or nodding donkeys) ultimately became positive symbols of local place identity. Despite the negative social impacts, oil production came to be viewed positively by most local people, and a high level of trust developed between the host community and NAM because of the social performance strategies that were implemented: NAM employed many local people; minimised physical displacement; provided generous compensation for economic displacement; respected the social, cultural and religious wishes of the host community; and quickly addressed any social or environmental issues that developed. These actions meant that NAM gained a strong social licence to operate and grow.

From the history of the problem of oil transportation and storage. Contribution of Shukhov V.G.

A significant part of the oil consumed in the world is transported from production and processing sites to consumers via tankers and pipelines. According to experts' forecasts, the demand for oil and petroleum products in the coming years will be significantly higher than in 2020. In Russia, the oil transportation market is developing in several directions. The main directions are investing in pipeline transport and improving the design of tanks for storing oil and petroleum products. The article considers the contribution of the great Russian engineer V.G. Shukhov to the solution of the problem of oil transportation and storage and in general to the development of the oil industry. In the article "Oil Pipelines" (1884) and in the book "Pipelines and their application in the oil industry" (1894), V.G. Shukhov gave precise mathematical formulae for describing the processes of oil and fuel oil flowing through pipelines, creating a classical theory of oil pipelines. He is the author of the projects of the first Russian main pipelines: Baku-Batumi with a length of 883 km (1907) and Grozny-Tuapse with a length of 618 km (1928). Shukhov V.G. designed and then supervised the construction of oil pipelines of the companies "Branobel", "G.M. Lianozova and sons" and the world's first heated fuel oil pipeline. Working in the oil fields in Baku, Shukhov V.G. developed the basics of lifting and pumping oil products, proposed a method of lifting oil using compressed air — airlift, developed a calculation method and technology for the construction of cylindrical steel tanks for oil storage facilities.

Investigation of Chemomechanical Effects on Sapphire Surfaces Modified by Ion-Implantation-Induced Carbon Impurities

Modification of the chemomechanical behaviour of the surface of sapphire by ion implantation to improve its near-surface mechanical properties has been investigated. 300 keV Ti+ ions at various doses were implanted and the concentration and damage profiles characterised using Rutherford Backscattering (RBS). At high doses (≥ 3 × 1016 Ti+ cm−2), a surface amorphous layer is formed due to implantation-induced damage. Nanoindentation was used to determine the hardness behaviour of the ion-implanted layer. Hardness increases at low implantation doses, associated with implantation-induced damage, but it is also observed that chemomechanical softening of the surface is reduced due to the removal of adsorbed water. In situ Raman scattering measurements demonstrate this removal at low doses and the re-establishment of the adsorbed water layer at high doses. The adsorption process is changed due to the introduction of carbon into the sapphire surface during implantation. For the optimum-implanted dose, the water readsorption does not recur even several years after the implantation treatment was first carried out. The loss of water adsorption is related to the formation of a non-polar carbonaceous layer on the sapphire surface by cracking of back-streamed diffusion pump oil deposited on the sample surface by inelastic collisions with the ion beam. Based on this study, it is concluded that ion implantation with an appropriate ion species and dose can control the chemomechanical effect and improve the hardness of ceramics, such as sapphire.

Soft sensor hybrid model of dynamic liquid level for sucker rod pump oil wells

The measurement of the dynamic liquid level is of great importance during the oil-producing process of rod pumping wells. It may affect the production of oil fields and motor efficiency. However, the dynamic liquid level is difficult to detect because of the circumstances in the downhole of rod pump wells. In this paper. Firstly, according to the working principles of the sucker rod pump, the mechanical models of the pumping motor and four-bar linkage mechanism are respectively built. Secondly, for the underground frictions, a mechanical model based on the energy conservation equation is built and then the mechanism model is built between the dynamic liquid level and power of the motor. To improve the accuracy of the mechanism model, a novel method based on an artificial fish swarm algorithm optimization Gaborc-kernel extreme learning machine is used to establish a soft sensor dynamic liquid level error compensation model. The mechanism model is paralleled with the soft sensor model to establish a hybrid model of dynamic liquid level. Eventually, the AFSA-Gaborc-KELM soft sensor hybrid model is verified by using the oil dataset collected from the electrical parameter acquisition equipment. This hybrid model is compared with some other models. In the comparison, the proposed hybrid model has better performance and prediction accuracy for the dynamic liquid level than the BP hybrid model, GA-ELM hybrid model, and LSSVM hybrid model.

Fracture analysis of a pulley shaft for the linear motor oil pumping unit in western oilfield of China

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the fatigue failure in the pulley shaft of the linear motor pumping unit after 25 months of service in the western oilfield of China. In order to analyze the fracture mechanism systematically, different testing methods, including the microstructure observation, fluorescent magnetic powder detector, direct-reading spectrometer, material testing machine, pendulum impact testing machine and Brinell hardness test, are applied in the present study. The obtained results showed that under the action of a cyclic load, the fracture of the pulley shaft appears mainly because of the multi-source fatigue. Meanwhile, it is found that quality of the base material highly affects the impact energy, hardness, and resultant microstructure. Besides, it is demonstrated that fatigue cracks originate from the heat-affected zone of the outer surface of the pulley shaft. Then, these cracks grow simultaneously under the action of the cyclic load. When cracks reach the intersections, the brittle fracture occurs finally. In addition, efficient precautions were provided to avoid fracture.

Highly Hydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane-Coated Expanded Vermiculite Sorbents for Selective Oil Removal from Water.

Naturally abundant vermiculite clay was expanded by using an aqueous solution of H2O2 and its surface was modified with ultra-thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using facile thermal vapor deposition to prepare an ecologically friendly, low-cost oil sorbent that plays an important role in oil spillage remediation. The resulting PDMS-coated expanded vermiculite (eVMT@PDMS) particles exhibited adequate hydrophobicity and oleophilicity for oil/water separation, with numerous conical slit pores (a size of 0.1–100 μm) providing a great sorption capacity and an efficient capillarity-driven flow pathway for oil collection. Simply with using a physically-packed eVMT@PDMS tube (or pouch), selective oil removals were demonstrated above and beneath the surface of the water. Furthermore, these sorbents were successfully integrated and then applied to the advanced oil-collecting devices such as a barrel-shaped oil skimmer and a self-primed oil pump.

Вплив відцентрових сил на змащування підшипників колінчастого вала в аварійних режимах роботи двигуна автомобіля

The analysis of the crankshaft bearing condition of the automotive internal combustion engines in the case of insufficiency and breakage of oil supply to them is carried out. It is noted that this fault is one of the most common causes of damage to rubbing pairs in operation. At the same time, the different groups of bearings are often damaged, which cannot be explained within the framework of existing models of plain bearing lubrication. The objective of the work is to develop a mathematical model of oil supply to connecting rod bearings in emergency mode, taking into account the characteristic features of the bearing design. The model also, depending on the nature of the damage, should help to determine and explain the causes of bearing failures if they occur in different modes when operating conditions are broken. A computational model has been developed that makes it possible to assess the effect of design differences in the features of oil supply and the action of the centrifugal forces during crankshaft rotation on the oil column in the lubrication hole where oil is supplied to the conrod bearing. Calculations of the change in time of the oil supply pressure to the connecting rod bearings for the various designs of the crankshaft lubrication holes have been performed. It is shown that, depending on the operating mode of the engine and its design, the oil pressure in front of the connecting rod bearings does not disappear immediately after oil supply failure to crankshaft. Moreover, the lower the crankshaft speed is, the longer the lubrication of the conrod bearings will continue. The calculation results are confirmed by the data of the expert studies of the engine technical condition, in which the crankshaft was wedged in the damaged main bearings was found in the absence of serious damage to the connecting rod ones. It has been found that such features of the damage correspond to an rapid breakage of the oil supply to the crankshaft in the case of such operational damage as the oil pump and pressure reducing valve failure, the oil filter seal and oil pan destruction, etc. The developed model explains the difference in lubrication conditions and in the damage feature to the main and connecting rod bearings in the emergency cases of the oil supply breakage, which are observed during operation, and helps to clarify the failure causes. This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines This makes it possible to use the model and the obtained data when providing auto technical expert studies of the failure causes of automobile internal combustion engines when the operating conditions are broken.

Backstreaming of pump oil vapors in vacuum systems

SummaryBackstreaming, or back‐migration, of vacuum pump oils can prevent a vacuum system from reaching its lowest possible pressure and may contaminate vacuum‐enable processes, such as thin film deposition. There are several circumstances which may lead to backstreaming, methods to measure the rate of oils reaching a vacuum chamber, and techniques to reduce or eliminate the problem. This article serves as an introduction to these issues and provides support on causes, measurement and mitigation.

Experimental and Calculation Studies of Main Line Oil Pumps Efficiency Change Due to Smooth Coatings

The study is dedicated to investigation of impact made by smooth coatings applied on the flow part surfaces of main line oil pumps with reference to energy efficiency performance of the said pumps. Loctite 7227 and Belzona 1341 were used as coatings which allowed to significantly reduce the roughness of the coated surfaces. Distinctive features of the abovementioned coatings are low cost and easy application (by spraying or using a brush) which is, despite lack of hydrophobic behavior, makes them applicable for use in operating conditions at oil pumping stations. Experimental studies have been carried out including coatings testing on full-scale pumps MOL 1250-60 and MOL 10000-210. The results of the experimental studies have been compared with the results of analytic calculations. Based on the results of the studies the applicability of smooth non-hydrophobic coatings was confirmed on condition of their application on the surfaces of volute flow parts of mainline oil pumps. Besides, the suggested analytical procedure for coatings efficiency evaluation was validated.

抽油泵内筒材料激光熔覆高熵合金的热力耦合仿真研究

抽油泵内筒材料激光熔覆高熵合金的热力耦合仿真研究

Tribological properties of MoS2 thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering technique

This study aims to reduce the friction and wear losses of AISI440C steel, which is preferred in some machine elements like bearing balls, valves, oil pumps, cutters, springs, cams and scissors. The AISI440C substrates were coated with thin film MoS2 which provides low friction and wear. During the coating, steel disc groups were obtained by changing the parameters of deposition including the radio frequency sputtering power and the deposition temperature. The thickness value of the lubricating MoS2 films were determined with a scanning electron microscope. The hardness and elasticity modules of the MoS2 coatings were determined. The data showing friction coefficient-distance relation of wear tests was obtained and the average friction coefficients, wear amounts and wear trace widths were reached. In this way, how changes in substrate deposition temperature and RF sputtering power affect tribological properties were interpreted. As a result, tribological optimisation of the most suitable coating pair parameter was provided.

Highly Sensitive Optical Fiber Photoacoustic Sensor for In Situ Detection of Dissolved Gas in Oil

A highly sensitive optical fiber photoacoustic (PA) sensor was proposed and demonstrated for in situ detection of dissolved gas in oil. Two optical fibers were used for the transmission of pump light and probe light, respectively. The miniature detection module integrated by optical fiber sensor and oil–gas separation membrane made it passive and anti-electromagnetic interference. The dissolved gas in oil passed through the organic membrane into the micro-chamber of the PA sensor. The PA signal generated by the gas absorption of laser energy was detected by a Fabry–Perot interferometric cantilever. To reduce the equilibrium time of oil–gas separation and improve the PA response, structural parameters of the sensor were optimized. The experimental results showed that the temperature had an influence on the response time and PA response. The response time was ~1.8 h at 50 °C. To realize temperature compensation, the temperature was measured simultaneously by averaging the measured Fabry–Perot cavity length. In addition, the detection limit of dissolved acetylene (C2H2) gas reached $0.5~\mu \text{L}$ /L. Since oil pumping was not required and the oil did not contact with the ambient air, the oil was not polluted and consumed to achieve in situ measurement.

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СРЕДСТВ ТЮНИНГА СМАЗОЧНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ АВТОТРАКТОРНЫХ ДИЗЕЛЕЙ

The work carried out a comparative analysis of various means of functional tuning of the lubrication system of automotive diesel engines of the KAMAZ family, such as: A device for monitoring the continuity of the oil flow to the connecting rod bearings during operation, an electronic indicator of oil consumption through the crankshaft bearings, an oil pumping system that allows pumping oil before starting a diesel engine in cold time, Hydroaccumulator allowing to pump oil through the turbocharger when the engine is stopped, Level regulator automatically maintains the optimum oil level in the crankcase, Limiting machine automatically stops the operation of the diesel engine. Ensuring an increase in the reliability and durability of automotive diesel engines. A brief description is given and an economic comparison of these tuning means is made. The values of the unit costs are given, taking into account the growth of the engine resource for each tuning option. The unit costs differ insignificantly. Preference can be given to the oil level regulator and the limit switch. In terms of economic indicators, the limiting machine of the lubrication system can be recommended for practical use, among other options for the functional tuning of cars.