Pump Installation Research Articles

Pilot Study of a Modified DOPS Scale for Insulin Pump and CGM Installation Training in Chinese Medical Students During Endocrinology Rotations.

Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) is a clinical assessment tool that enables trainers to observe medical students' procedural abilities in real-time clinical settings. It assesses students' knowledge application, decision-making, and skill proficiency during clinical tasks. This study modifies the DOPS to evaluate the operation of insulin pumps (PUMP) and continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) in diabetes management. Key elements of the modified DOPS include 1) Knowledge Assessment: Evaluating understanding of PUMP and CGMS, including interpreting CGMS data for insulin adjustments; 2) Operational Skills: Assessing correct PUMP needle insertion, programming, and adjustments; 3) Patient Safety: Ensuring safe and aseptic procedures; 4) Feedback: Providing constructive feedback to help students improve their skills. Training through DOPS led to significant improvements in all domains, overall performance scores, and reduced execution time for each domain. Correlations between domains showed that PUMP indication scores were linked to all other domains and execution times, including re-evaluation. Communication skills and seeking assistance were crucial factors influencing other domains. Multilinear regression analysis revealed that while DOPS-CGMS (R square 1.0) fully explained performance scores, DOPS-PUMP (R square 0.984) indicated that additional personal qualities significantly impacted students' PUMP operation performance. This customized DOPS form offers insights into students' abilities in managing diabetes with PUMP and CGMS, while emphasizing the need for training on both technical skills and interpersonal skills in future educational models.

Technical and economic analysis of a specific spruce wood material drying process

The presented work reveals the technical and economic analysis of a spruce wood material drying process, for a specific installation. The analysis is made of the drying process of spruce timber, where the amount of initial moisture content is 60% and the equilibrium moisture content is 12%. The baseline technological process is considered for the existing installation with a wood burning boiler, used for heat supply source. Three different heat source options were further suggested and analysed, for the wood drying process optimization: implementation of natural gas boiler, electric boiler and high temperature heat pump installation. The calculations for each of them were performed at a heat output of 100 kW and a drying temperature regime of 90/75°C. The results show that only the annual energy costs of the option with a heat pump system are lower than the base case, with the cash savings amounting to USD 4,884/year, payback period of 9.47 years and 99.93 t/year CO2 emissions. The specific energy consumption in this optimal suggested case is 0.139 kWh/kg.

Investigation of the annular pressure influence on the energy efficiency of electric submersible pump installations in cyclic operation

ABSTRACT One of the negative aspects that affect the energy efficiency of electric submersible pumps installations (ESPI) is the annular pressure increasing. To assess the effect of annular pressure on the energy efficiency of ESPI operation, a technique has been developed that allows determining the specific power consumption and flow rate of wells equipped with ESPI during cyclic operation. Based on the developed technique, an assessment of the gas pressure effect in the annular space on the energy efficiency of ESPI during cyclic operation at different well flow rates, as well as at different ratios of the duration of operation and downtime in the cycle was made. According to the calculation results, it was found that a decrease in annular pressure leads to an increase in the energy efficiency of ESPI operation. It was stated that the greatest reduction in specific power consumption during the operation of the ESPI relative to the continuous mode of operation is achieved with decreasing the operating time in the cycle. The developed technique and results can be used at oil-producing enterprises to reduce electricity costs of oil production.

Local climate action from the middle-out: the social potential of craft guilds to facilitate low-carbon installations in Germany

Shortages of skilled workers and special expertise in the crafts and trades hamper the implementation of low-carbon transitions in many countries. However, research on effective governance arrangements targeting this ‘installation bottleneck’ is limited. To fill this gap, we adopt a Middle-Out Perspective (MOP) and use rich qualitative data including in-depth interviews to study the role of craft guilds within Germany's low-carbon transition, particularly in rooftop photovoltaic and heat pump installation. Our analysis demonstrates that guilds occupy pivotal ‘upper middle actor’ positions to resolve the ‘installation bottleneck’ from the middle-out. Situated between policymaking and on-the-ground installation, guilds have unique agency and capacity qualities deriving from preferential access to the local implementers of low-carbon transitions and legal commissions with critical tasks including training, informing, and associating installers. However, we find that guilds suffer from resource constraints, membership declines, and a lack of deliberate activation. Informal power structures and deficits of change makers exacerbate guilds’ propensity for inertia while unstable framework conditions and the dearth of strategic engagements leave guilds inactivated. Our extended MOP framework of agency, capacity, and propensity allows researchers and policymakers to attend to potentials and trade-offs between these qualities. By recognising the contextual social sphere of installation as potential, policymakers can design more effective implementation strategies that gain people’s support by ‘meeting them where they are’.

Development of an observer of rotor angular velocity and resistance moment on the shaft of an adjustable permanent magnet synchronous motor powered through long cable

Relevance. Currently, when using submersible electric motors in centrifugal electric pump installations in cyclic operation mode, there is a reduction in the inter-repair period of submersible equipment, which is associated with a reduction in oil pumping periods to several minutes. As a result, there is a multiple increase in starting currents and torque, which leads to an increase in mechanical loads on the pump shaft and appearance of resonance phenomena during the electric motor acceleration, reducing the reliability of a seal protection. To solve these problems, it is necessary to synthesize closed-loop vector control systems with current and electromagnetic torque control in transient responses. Open-loop scalar control systems for electric drives of oil well production are used in operation, which is due to the complexity of obtaining feedback signals on the angular velocity of the rotor and the moment of resistance on the shaft by means of submersible telemetry. This problem determines the relevance and necessity of developing observers for rotor speed and load torque estimation, taking into account the features of the technological process of installing centrifugal electric pumps, in particular, the presence of a long cable for powering a submersible electric motor based on a synchronous machine with permanent magnets. Aim. To develop a full-order observer rotor speed and load torque for the dynamic system "long supply cable – synchronous motor with permanent magnets". Methods. System analysis and identification of dynamic systems, synthesis of Luenberger observers, mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, electric drives and electrical machines. Result and conclusions. The authors have proposed the mathematical model of a rotor speed and load torque full-order observer for the dynamic system "long supply cable – synchronous motor with permanent magnets". The performance of the observer was investigated under varying load on the shaft, mismatch of non-zero initial conditions, deviation of the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the observer and the object in the range from –20 to +20% of the nominal values.

Pasivos puestos en valor. Análisis de rentabilidad de ingresar al comercio de biogás licuado en la región sudamericana

By converting biomass from agricultural and livestock waste into by-products such as biogas and biofertilizer, agricultural producers have the opportunity to turn costs into income. This increases domestic value added and employment in an environmentally friendly manner, while also increasing profitability and efficiency. Argentina's rural sector suffers from an annual limitation in the supply of diesel oil needed to process and market its production. It would be possible to enrich the biogas into biomethane and then transform it into fuel for long distance transportation. Its sale would contribute to the regional Argentina-Brazil-Chile transit, thus helping solve a structural problem, with the reduction of polluting emissions and saves in foreign currency. In this work, we have designed an investment project for the production of liquefied biogas on a national scale, including the installation of pumps at 10 retail sites in Argentina, in line with intra-regional transit. By estimating the financial flows used to calculate the profitability, we determined the feasibility of the proposal, contributing to the environmental commitments previously made by Argentina.

Совершенствование конструкций установок струйных насосов для добычи нефти

The characteristics of jet pump installations are given, which are used mainly for low-yield wells in oil production whose flow rate is less than 10 m3/day. It is noted that jet pump installations have a relatively low efficiency of not exceeding 0.35, and it is almost equal to the efficiency of electric drive pump installations and downhole rod pump installations when extracting oil from wells with low flow rates of up to 20 m3/day. The advantages of jet pump installations over other types of downhole pumping installations in difficult oil production conditions are shown. With flow rates up to 150 m3/day. Costs for oil production using jet pump installations are minimal compared to other installations. A brief analysis of the designs of jet pumps, their main overall dimensions and weight is provided. A brief overview of scientific, technical and patent literature on jet pump installations is given. By changing the design of nozzles, confusers, diffusers, working chambers of jet pumps, as well as improving the jet pump installations as a whole when used in tandem with other types of well installations, their productivity, operating efficiency and reliability can be increased. It is noted that the parameters of jet pumps can be obtained by calculation based on the theory of mixing two flows, the theory of jet propagation in a mass of stationary or moving liquid and the mechanics of bodies of variable mass. The main design parameters of jet pump units are feed, pressure, ejection coefficient, power and efficiency. These parameters can also be determined experimentally. A laboratory jet pump unit has been developed. Experiments have shown that with an increase in the flow rate of the working fluid, the flow rate of the mixture and the working pressure, the ejection coefficient and efficiency decrease. In the future, experiments will be continued with various designs of jet pump elements.

Improving the Efficiency of Submersible Multistage Pumps Based on the Hydrophobization of the Flow Part Surfaces

The paper presents an experimental study of an assembly of five stages of an electric centrifugal pump (ECP) installation, the flow part of which is modified according to the principles of biomimetics, namely using the “lotus leaf effect”. The object of the study was a 5A-35 ECP. The surfaces of the blade systems of impellers and guide devices of stages 5 A-35 were hydrophobized using the method of applying surfactant layers. The degree of impellers hydrophobicity was estimated by the wetting angle average value measured by three drops at three different points on the impeller surface. The impellers surface roughness under study was determined by the arithmetic mean profile deviation Ra and the profile height irregularities Rz. The issues related to the surfactant coating modification effect salt deposition and corrosion were studied. For this purpose, the surfaces of the original and modified impellers were subjected to intensive forced salt deposition as a result of prolonged exposure to saline solution. The conclusion about the samples corrosion resistance degree was made by changing their mass, which was due to the salt deposits formation during 15 hours of stay in solution, as well as using the drop method. Both methods have shown that the surfactant coating can serve as a salt deposition inhibitor, and the pump impeller modified by it has increased corrosion resistance. Thus, during comparative tests, a smaller mass of salt was deposited on the modified impeller sample during 15 hours of exposure in saturated saline solution than on the original sample. This indicates that the surfactant layer prevents the salt deposits fixation on the working surfaces of the pump stage. On the modified sample examined by the drop method, the indicator color changed in 20 minutes, and on the original one – in 2 minutes. Experimental studies have been carried out, during which the operation energy parameters of a five stages 5A-35 pumping package with initial and modified surfactant-coated impellers have been determined. The studies have shown a 2 % increase in efficiency in the pum-ping package of stages with modified impellers. The results of the study can be useful in the oil production, chemical industry, as well as in the housing and communal services sector.

Thermo-economic analysis of a solar district heating plant with an air-to-water heat pump

Solar district heating systems are essential in reducing carbon emissions and alleviating the energy crisis. By integrating with air-to-water heat pumps, it is possible to enhance the system’s efficiency and flexibility. However, the complementary mechanisms and coupling effects between the heat pump and the other components of the system are not clear. To address these issues, it is necessary to investigate the thermo-economic performance of the system, taking into account energy price fluctuations to achieve a more efficient and economically viable operational model. This study focuses on a solar district heating system in the Danish city of Ørum and investigates the impact of integrating a large-scale air-to-water heat pump. Based on energy and economic analyses, the impact of the heat pump on the system efficiency and the levelized cost of heat are investigated for 2020 and 2022. The results show that the heat pump can convert low-cost electricity into heat which will be stored in the tank, increasing the tank’s heat storage content by 1.2 times. The medium to low-temperature water in the tank can preheat the heat pump’s compressor, raising the COP of the heat pump from 3.3 to 3.5 and increasing the annual utilization cycle of the tank by 1.4 times by reducing the return water temperature to the bottom of the tank. Additionally, the system performance has been improved due to the installation of the heat pump, which increased the system COP from 1.22 in 2020 to 2.62 in 2022. Subsequently, the CO2 emission has been decreased from 192 kg/MWh to 74 kg/MWh with a larger share of sustainable energy. Due to the heat pump operation, the system-levelized cost of heat could be reduced to 68.6 EUR/MWh, compared to 94 EUR/MWh if the heat pump is removed. The investigation also revealed that the heat pump improved the flexibility of the heating system in response to energy prices, especially during the 2022 energy crisis in Europe. The findings of the paper provide a good reference for large solar heating applications.

Fabric Retrofit of a Hard-to-Treat, Pre-1919 House in Preparation for Heat Pump Use

The uptake of low-carbon domestic heating systems is a significant strategy towards global targets of reducing greenhouse emissions and mitigating climate change. Pre-1900 hard-to-treat houses will still be existing in the next 25 years, and they have the greatest potential for improved energy-efficiency. This study investigates the potential of fabric retrofit to prepare an older, hard-to-treat house type for heat pump use. The house type was modelled in DesignBuilder and validated using the Ulster University test house. The wall, loft and floor insulation, as well as glazing upgrades can yield up to 50% reduction in heating demand for a hard-to-treat house type, thereby preparing it for heat pump installation. Additionally, upgrading insulation and glazing in line with the current building standards was cost-effective, with a net present value of approximately GBP 12,000.

Vertical unit ventilator headaches

Electrification retrofit efforts are underway in New York City public schools. In order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, these projects involve the removal of natural-gas-fired HVAC equipment and the installation of electric heat pumps serving classrooms and other school spaces. Although ducted air distribution is often a preferred HVAC system design for new construction, particularly for acoustics, such configurations are generally not feasible for existing buildings. Accordingly, in-room HVAC devices are common for electrification projects, which introduces noise challenges. This presentation focuses on the discoveries and challenges associated with the design of a few projects using vertical unit ventilators in school classrooms.

A Hydroponic System to Study the Effects of Root and Meristem Night Temperature on Growth, Photosynthesis Carbon Balance, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Rice

Nocturnal root and meristem temperature (RMT) can have a strong effect on rice growth and yield. However, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To investigate the effects of night-time RMT on photosynthesis biomass allocation and activities of antioxidant enzymes, we designed a hydroponic system that maintained the following daily patterns of day/night temperature: 18/28 °C (HNT) or 28/18 °C (LNT). Rice plants cv. IR64 were grown in the greenhouse and subjected to either HNT or LNT. HNT stimulated growth and tillering but did not affect biomass allocation. HNT plants increased total biomass by 16 and 35%, depending on time of exposure. HNT increased rates of photosynthesis (Pn) compared to LNT plants in leaves of different ages. Overnight carbohydrate remobilisation was larger in HNT than in LNT plants, particularly at 16 days after treatment (dat), when Pn and relative growth rates were highest. Leaf soluble protein concentrations and specific leaf area were not affected by RMT, indicating higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in HNT plants. Super Oxide Dismutase, Ascorbate Peroxidase, and Glutathione Reductase activities did not respond to RMT, indicating no change in the production of reactive oxygen species in LNT plants despite lower photosynthesis rates. HNT increased sink demand by stimulating tillering, the increased sink demand upregulated the source activity through a larger leaf area per plant and a higher Pn throughout the canopy. The hydroponic system described here was able to control the temperature of the nutrient solution effectively, the installation of a second pump directly circulating the nutrient solution from and back to the reservoir through the cooling system allowed reaching the target temperature within 1 h. This system opens new opportunities to characterise plant responses to RMT alone or in combination with other environmental drivers.

Energy Efficiency in Seasonal Homes: A Study on the Occupancy, Energy Use, and Renovation of Second Homes in Sweden

The escalating utilisation of second homes has led to an extension in heating periods and, to a certain degree, renovations to elevate the standard, resulting in augmented energy and resource consumption. A comprehensive survey was conducted in Sweden, examining user patterns across different seasons, heating systems, and implemented energy efficiency measures. The results indicate that second homes are occupied for extended periods during the summer season and intermittently throughout the year. Over half of the second homes are heated even when unoccupied, with 12% maintaining a temperature above 16 °C. The predominant heating method is direct electricity (32.2%), followed by heat pumps (29.5%) and stoves (17.5%). A variety of renovations are undertaken, primarily to enhance the standard and technical performance, but also to implement energy efficiency measures such as window replacement, additional insulation, or heat pump installation. Based on the reported user and heating patterns, and the energy renovations carried out, the potential energy savings with different energy renovation strategies were estimated for the Swedish second home stock. The results show that though lowering the temperature when a second home is unoccupied emerges as the most efficient measure, both in terms of cost-effectiveness and climate impact, it needs to be complemented with intermittent heating or dehumidification to ensure that the relative humidity is below critical levels, to avoid the risk of damages caused by, for example, mould growth. Installing a heat pump is the second most energy- and cost-effective measure and has the advantage that the indoor temperature can be maintained at rather high levels.

Fracture failure analysis of traction transformer oil pump flange

A flange fracture occurred during the installation of a traction transformer oil pump. The causes of the flange fracture were analyzed using physical, chemical, and finite element methods. The fracture surface shows expanded edges and a linear fracture source, indicating an overload fracture. No significant defects such as pinholes, looseness, or cracks were found in the internal structure, which contains elongated Si phases. The Si, Ti, and Zn content in the failure part does not meet standard specifications. The hardness of the failure part is HBW107.8, meeting standards, but the elongation at break is at the lower limit, suggesting higher material brittleness. Finite element analysis revealed a maximum tensile stress of 241.5 MPa on the flange, close to the yield strength, indicating a small safety margin. The flange fracture is related to high material brittleness and potential assembly anomalies. To prevent similar incidents, strict control of raw material quality, regular inspection of mechanical properties, and finite element analysis for structural optimization are necessary.

Model predictive controls for residential buildings with heat pumps: Experimentally validated archetypes to simplify the large-scale application

Exploiting the energy flexibility resulting from thermal loads management in buildings is one of the most promising solutions to contribute to the energy transition targets. To offer energy flexibility to the grid, the building should meet the requirements: (i) it needs electrically powered generation (e.g., through Heat Pumps) and (ii) advanced control techniques (e.g., Model Predictive Controls) must be implemented. In recent years, the scientific community has produced many studies demonstrating the potential of Model Predictive Controls combined with Heat Pumps to exploit energy flexibility in buildings. However, a large-scale deployment of such control techniques is still far off, both because of the not yet widespread use of Heat Pumps and the computational challenges involved in implementing them. The aim of this study is to contribute to the deployment of advanced control techniques for Heat Pumps systems in buildings by simplifying their implementation. At this aim, validated archetypes of Model Predictive Controls for Heat Pumps in residential buildings are proposed. The availability of archetypes can greatly facilitate the practical application of Model Predictive Control. In fact, they are adaptable to the characteristics of different buildings and Heat Pump installations and their structure is designed to have an acceptable trade-off between calculation time and prediction reliability. The archetypes cover three different types of heating systems: low temperature radiators without (i) and with (ii) integrated heat storage devices and (iii) underfloor heating system. All archetypes are applied to a real Heat Pump and validated through experimental campaigns. During the experimental test all the archetypes proved to be effective in controlling the real system and the results showed good reliability of the prediction model in the control (for all archetypes a Root Mean Square Error lower than 0.44 °C was obtained) and an optimizer success rate in Model Predictive Controls greater than 91 %. The archetypes proposed are provided as open-source tools that can be reused for similar cases to facilitate Model Predictive Controls implementation in heat pump systems.

Study of the efficiency of the joint operation of a cogeneration steam turbine with a heat pump installation

Study of the efficiency of the joint operation of a cogeneration steam turbine with a heat pump installation

Decarbonisation at least cost: an analysis of the optimal portfolio of instruments

Purpose This paper aims to propose a methodology for assessing an optimal portfolio of investment instruments that minimise the social costs of decarbonising economic activity while improving the environmental objectives proposed in EU legislation. Design/methodology/approach The methodology defines the net social cost of decarbonisation related to a portfolio of four instruments: installation of solar PV and wind generation, thermal insulation of households and deployment of heat pumps. The social cost is minimised by restricting it to the minimum level of the targets proposed in the Spanish National Energy and Climate Plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase generation from renewable sources and reduce energy consumption. The empirical approach also includes differences between regions according to the expected effect for instruments. Findings The application of this methodology to the environmental objectives defined in the current Spanish National Energy and Climate Plan for 2030 concludes that it is clearly possible to reduce the social cost of decarbonisation while improving environmental performance through a reorientation of investment instruments. In this case, such a reorientation would be based on a minimisation of efforts in thermal insulation of households and a maximisation of measures aimed at the installation of heat pumps. Originality/value The paper proposes a novel methodology for a social cost assessment that improves the allocation of a portfolio of environmental instruments. This portfolio could be extended in further work to include instruments related to transport or support for industrial decarbonisation, such as the deployment of renewable hydrogen, among others.

Centrifugal pumps in oil production (problems and solutions)

The current stage of development of the oil industry is everywhere characterized by the rapid development of technology, but the technology used for selecting installations of electric centrifugal pumps, starting and regulating technological operating modes has lagged behind in its development. The lag in the theory of operating technology for centrifugal pumps when pumping multiphase mixtures under high pressure is currently a brake on the further development of the method and reduces economic efficiency. Based on the existing knowledge of oil production technology, it is not possible to explain the observed failures of electric centrifugal pump installations due to a decrease in the electrical resistance of the cable-motor system. Moreover, quantitatively, failures due to a decrease in the electrical resistance of the cable-motor system are surprisingly constant, accounting for one third of all failures. Attempts to explain the strength of the current electric current through the electric motor lead to a paradox – if the installation fails due to “R= 0”, the strength of the current current is minimal (but not maximum). The existing science of operation technology cannot explain the phenomenon of salt deposition in centrifugal pump apparatuses, it is impossible to explain the effect of frequency changes on the technological mode of operation, etc. To date, there is no consensus on the issue of gas separation from oil, some believe that gas is released under the influence of devices, equipment, etc. mounted in the well. The lack of adequate technology for operating centrifugal pumps forces scientific engineers to look for solutions to problems in the wrong direction – for example, the deposition of salts in the pump apparatus through the selection and use of chemical reagents or acids (about 10 % of all failures of centrifugal pumps), the phenomenon of reducing the electrical resistance of the cable system. submersible electric motor” – using a temperature-resistant cable line (30 % of all failures), etc. Moreover, no one can give a clear interpretation of the use of “periodic operating mode”, for what purpose can control stations with frequency control of the performance of a centrifugal pump be used. Finally, the lack of a modern theory of technology does not allow automating the processes of starting up, putting it into operation, establishing a periodic mode, applying frequency regulation and automatically monitoring the technological process.

Implementasi Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Budidaya Ikan dan Pertanian di Kalurahan Sumbersari

Kalurahan Sumbersari, a border village in Sleman Regency, possesses significant potential in natural resources, particularly in agriculture and fisheries. However, the village faces substantial challenges, including inadequate aeration systems for fishponds and irrigation difficulties for rice fields. This community service initiative aims to address these issues by implementing solar energy-based solutions. The activities involved the design of an optimized aeration system for fishponds, the strategic installation of water pumps to facilitate rice field irrigation, and the construction of a Solar Power Plant (PLTS). The adoption of solar energy not only aims to meet the electricity needs but also contributes to Indonesia's achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 7, which focuses on Affordable and Clean Energy. The success of this project hinged on the active participation of the local community. Socialization and training sessions were conducted to ensure understanding of the aeration systems, water pump operations, and PLTS maintenance. It is anticipated that the implementation of these activities will resolve the fish health issues and irrigation difficulties, thereby enhancing fish and agricultural production in Kalurahan Sumbersari. In addition to these direct benefits, the use of renewable energy is also expected to mitigate the negative environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy consumption.

Pendampingan Teknis serta Diagnosa Kerusakan Pompa Sumur Bor di Gampong Luthu Lamweu, Kecamatan Sukamakmur, Kab. Aceh Besar, Provinsi Aceh

The aim of this Community Service (PKM) activity is to provide technical assistance and diagnose damage to drilled well pumps in Gampong Luthu Lamweu, Sukamakmur, Aceh Besar. This method of implementing community service begins with conducting a location survey, outreach to the community, students involved and prospective Thematic KKN students. Next, form a service team and explain the work program, work targets and implementation targets. From the results of field diagnosis and verification, it was found that the installation of the submersible pump was not in accordance with the technical specification data on the pump. This is what makes the pump that was installed in 2021 unable to work as it should after testing the pump (run test). The PKM team recommends: the size of the output pipe be increased from ¾", to 1.5". Increased pump power from 1 hp to 1.5 hp. The pump capacity has been increased, from 10-40-70 to 20-50-80. Out put diameter from 1.25' to 1.5".