Pump Flow Rate Research Articles

Performance comparison of intraosseous devices and setups for infusion of whole blood in a cadaveric swine bone model.

Intraosseous (IO) access can provide a critical bridge for blood product infusion when peripheral venous access is not obtainable. Successful pressurized IO infusion requires flow rates sufficient to preserve life, but with infusion pressures low enough to avoid clinical complications (e.g., hemolysis, bone damage, fat emboli). However, the optimal method for pressured IO delivery of blood was unknown. Three trained physicians infused 500 mL of whole blood through a 15-gauge, 45 mm IO catheter into fresh, high bone density cadaveric swine proximal humeri. Participants applied eight different pressure infusion strategies: (1) gravity, (2) pressure bag, (3) pressure bag actively maintained at or above 300 mmHg, (4) hand pump, (5) hand pump with pressure bag, (6) push-pull with 10 mL syringe, (7) push-pull with 60 mL syringe, and a (8) Manual Rapid Infuser in a randomized within-subjects design (30 trials per method, 240 trials total). The primary outcomes of flow rates, mean and peak pressures, and user ratings were contrasted using ANOVA at p < 0.05. The Manual Rapid Infuser conferred the highest flow rates (199 ± 3 mL/min) and most favorable user ratings, but also the highest mean and peak pressures. Push-pull conferred the next highest flow rates (67 ± 5 mL/min for 60 mL, 56 ± 2 mL/min for 10 mL) and pressures, with intermediate-to-high user ratings. Hand pump flow rates were essentially identical with (45 ± 4 mL/min) or without (44 ± 3 mL/min) pressure bag, with high user ratings without a pressure bag. Pressure bag and gravity methods conferred low flow rates and user ratings. Some pressured IO infusion methods can achieve flow rates adequate to serve as a resuscitative bridge in the massively hemorrhaged trauma victim, but flow rates and pressures vary greatly across IO pressurized infusion methods. Manual Rapid Infuser and push-pull methods conferred high flow rates but also relatively high pressures, highlighting the importance of using in vivo models in future research to assess the possible clinical complications of using these promising methods. Combined, present findings highlight the importance of studying pressurized IO methods towards preserving the life of the critically injured trauma victim.

Modular Physiological Control for Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Clinical Pilot Trial

<h3>Purpose</h3> Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) currently mainly operate at a constant set speed. Insufficient adaptation to physiologic demand is thought to be detrimental to patient outcome. A sensorless modular physiological control system for left ventricular assist devices was designed and its feasibility and safety evaluated in a clinical pilot trial. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients implanted with an LVAD (Medtronic HVAD) (n=6) were enrolled into a single-center, blinded, crossover, clinical pilot trial (NCT04786236), for a total of 13 sessions. They underwent a standardized protocol, consisting of orthostatic shifts (OR), Valsalva manoeuvres (VA) as well as short submaximal ergometry (ER). The protocol was performed in constant speed operation (CS) and in physiological control mode (PC) in randomized sequence. The modular controller consisted of heart rate, pulsatility and suction reaction modules, as well as a supervision module. A safety switch was installed for immediate transition to CS mode, in case of investigator safety concerns. <h3>Results</h3> The control system safely and autonomously adapted speed without the need for safety intervention. Speed correlated with posture resulting in lower speed compared to CS in the supine position by a median (interquartile range) of -128 (-158 to 31) rpm, while sitting by -75 (-137 to 65) rpm and during standing by -79 (-150 to -5) rpm. In 6 sessions suction occurred during the transition period of upwards orthostatic shifts in either mode, which was reduced in PC mode in 3 sessions and increased in 1 for a median difference of 0 (-5.75 to 1.75) suction events/minute. In VA, the time periods with the highest suction burden in both control modes was the late straining period / early recovery period. Speed was reduced in this phase compared to CS by -90 (-152 to -60) rpm, reducing the suction burden by a median of -1.2 (-5.9 to 0) suction events/minute. During ER, speed was increased by 86 (31 to 193) compared to CS, which resulted in a median flowrate increase of 0.2 (0.0 to 0.7) L/min. In 3 sessions speed could not be increased beyond CS set speed due to recurring suction episodes. In CS, the range of pump flowrate from the minimum during standing and the maximum during ER was 0.7 (0.5 to 1.2) L/min whereas in PC the range was increased to 1.4 (0.9 to 1.9) L/min. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Physiologic control without additional sensors is feasible and can adequately adapt speed to patient demand.

Clinical evaluation of the novel Capiox NX19 adult oxygenator-a multicenter study.

The novel Capiox NX19 adult oxygenator is, compared to its predecessors, improved with enhanced air removal technology, a polymer heat exchanger and smaller, innovative hollow fibers resulting in a surface area reduction and a lower priming volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the NX19 oxygenator performance in a clinical setting. A prospective multicenter study was performed involving three large European university hospitals. The Capiox NX19 (n = 150) performance was assessed during adult cardiopulmonary bypass and involved gaseous microemboli handling and gas transfer efficiency. The heat exchanger performance was evaluated separately in vitro. The heat exchanger performance factors were 0.80 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.04 at pump flow rates of 3L/min and 6L/min, respectively. After priming, residual post-oxygenator gaseous microemboli count and volume were decreased by 91% and 93.7%, respectively. The gas compartment pressure was 6.0 ± 2.5mmHg, while the O2 transfer was 69 ± 30mL/min/m2 and the CO2 transfer 73 ± 34mL/min/m2. The O2 gradient was 44 ± 19mmHg/LPM and the O2 diffusing capacity 0.38 ± 0.14mL/min/mmHg. The shunt fraction was 0.19 ± 0.13, whereas oxygenator resistance and shear stress were 10.5 ± 3.7mmHg/LPM and 5.1 ± 3.1dyn/cm2, respectively. This multicenter study displayed good clinical safety and performance of the NX19 oxygenator.

Direct cooling of a planar magnetic converter using dielectric liquid forced convection enabled by additive manufacturing

Power densification of magnetic converters has encountered a fundamental challenge due to the inability to effectively remove heat produced by power losses. State-of-the-art thermal management technologies for planar printed circuit board (PCB) transformers are limited by the inability to substantially improve the overall thermal conductance from the transformer to the cold plate. Furthermore, a lack of thermal management technologies capable of reducing temperature gradients in these devices exists. Direct liquid cooling reduces the number of thermal resistances from hot spot to coolant, resulting in lower maximum temperatures and reduced thermal gradients. Here, we study the thermal-hydraulic performance of a PCB planar transformer cooled using a polymer additively manufactured (AM) housing and single-phase internal flow with Novec 7300 and pure ethylene glycol. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to identify hot spots, quantify temperature gradients, and characterize pressure drop. Experiments in a custom-made setup quantified the maximum temperature and pressure drop with different flow rates (0.4–4 LPM) of Novec 7300 and ethylene glycol. Both working fluids showed better thermal-hydraulic performance when compared to results found in literature which implements cold-plates. Analysis reveals that selection between both fluids is guided by flow rate, pressure drop and pumping power, such that if low pressure drop is a priority, Novec 7300 is a better choice, and if low pumping power and flow rate are a priority, ethylene glycol is better. Our results show that direct liquid cooling can reduce thermal resistance by up to 80% using an 80% lower pressure drop when compared to a cold-plate benchmark. As a result, the developed AM-enabled thermal management technology can potentially improve the reliability of the converter, provide an alternative for high temperature heat recovery, and facilitate further converter power densification.

Experimental and thermodynamic investigation on isothermal performance of large-scaled liquid piston

Hydro-pneumatic Energy Storage (HYPES) is one of the research hotspots by introducing liquid piston's isothermal/near-isothermal compressed method to compressed air energy storage. This paper focuses on heat transfer behavior of liquid piston according to experimental result. Firstly, a case is proposed to show the isothermal compressed performance of liquid piston with a 24.71 m3 cylinder: average temperature rises 10.59 K with a compressed ratio of 1.86. Models have been validated by experimental data. Secondly, heat transfer of compressed process has been investigated. The temperature distribution is uniform and exergy efficiency during compressed process is 86.9%: 85.4% of input exergy transfers into the pressure exergy of air. Additionally, availability analysis has been conducted. Ambient temperature has little influence on isothermal compressed process. Initial pressure affects liquid piston through air mass while pump flow rate affects liquid piston through compressed time. Moreover, cycle performance on practical process considering residual air has been studied with two scaled cases. Starting at ambient condition, both cases keep stable since the second cycle and show a good isothermal performance with large compressed ratio. The highest temperature is at the end of compressing, while the lowest temperature occurs in expanding process.

Area Optimization of a Flat Plate Collector for Meeting the Air Conditioning Load of an Office Building Using a Solar Vapor Absorption System

A solar single effect vapor absorption system is designed to meet the cooling demand of an office building having a floor area of 100 m2. The absorption system operating parameters are optimized using Genetic algorithm to maximize the coefficient of performance (COP). The solar insolation at a location is used as the heat source for the absorption refrigeration generator heat input. The monthly total global radiation at the location for a particular year is found. The insolation profile of a representative day of the year is the input source for the sizing of the solar flat plate collector. Also, the ambient temperature variation profile is used to dynamically simulate the system performance. The refrigeration system is integrated with the solar collector and storage tank to meet the varying cooling load. The total generator load required to meet the cooling load profile of the building is found from the vapor absorption system model in Matlab. The solar flat plate collector system is modelled in such a way that the energy output from the solar collector matches the generator load required. The hot water temperature to generator (heat supplied) is kept constant at 85°C. The generator load required to meet the varying cooling load is achieved by controlling the solution pump flow rate in absorption system. The optimal area of the collector required for meeting the total generator load is found as 14.6 m2. The storage volume required in the storage tank is 0.48 m3. In the solar collector, a variable water flow system profile is used to maintain the constant temperature required in the generator.

Development of an Analytical Method for Determination of Related Substances and Degradation Products of Cabotegravir Using Analytical Quality by Design Principles.

Cabotegravir is one of the newly approved human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) integrase enzyme inhibitors used for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. It is the first approved long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy for HIV and is also very effective in combination with rilpivirine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Therefore, future drug development involving cabotegravir can be expected. We developed an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method compatible with mass spectrometry for the determination of eight cabotegravir impurities. The described method is able to differentiate cabotegravir and its related substances as well as its degradation products. Analytical quality by design principles were used for method development. The method is robust within the defined method operable design region: flow rate = 0.32–0.40 mL/min; column temperature = 30–40 °C; pH of mobile phase A = 3.25–3.75, and the final percent of acetonitrile in gradient = 50.0–60.0%. Inside the method operable design region, a working optimal point was selected: pump flow rate = 0.36 mL/min; column temperature = 35 °C; pH of mobile phase A = 3.5, and final percent of acetonitrile in gradient = 55%. Method validation was performed, and the following parameters were verified: accuracy, repeatability, linearity, response factors, detection limit, and quantification limit. All method validation results were within selected criteria. The presented method could be used for the development of new pharmaceutical products based on cabotegravir.

Mechanical-capillary-driven two-phase loop: Feedback control for thin-film evaporation and capillary limit enhancement

• Feedback control can transition boiling modes in hybrid two-phase loop. • Capillary pumping head was used for feedback control as control variable. • Pump flow rate and evaporator liquid pressure were varied to extend capillary mode. • Pumping power consumption was reduced by feedback control of pump flow rate. • Feedback control was robust under transient heat inputs. Capillary-driven thin-film evaporation in the evaporator was modulated using feedback control of the mechanical pump flow rate and capillary pumping head in a mechanical-capillary-driven two-phase loop. The shift from cold-start (forced-convection dominant condition) to post cold-start (boiling dominant condition) was signified by a sudden drop in the evaporator thermal resistance at relatively low heat inputs. In the post cold-start, positive capillary pressure head resulted in another important transition of boiling conditions in the evaporator transitioning from mechanically-driven flooded boiling (flooded mode) to the capillary-driven thin-film evaporation (capillary mode) showing a small but continuous decrease in the thermal resistance. The feedback control significantly expanded the range of the capillary mode by 285% and reduced the mechanical pumping power consumption by 48% compared to a constant flow case. In this study using a monolayer wick in the evaporator, the highest capillary limit was measured to be 227.2 W/cm 2 with a thermal resistance of 0.190 K-cm 2 /W for the highest pump flow rate of 7.5 g/s and the highest flow restriction in the liquid return line from the evaporator.

Research on a large opening and high flow rate piezoelectric pump with straight arm wheeled check valve.

Piezoelectric pumps are applied in cooling systems of microelectronic devices because of their small size. However, cooling efficiency is limited by the low flow rate. A straight arm wheeled check valve made of silica gel was proposed, which can improve the flow rate of piezoelectric pumps, solve the influence of glue aging on the sealing ability of a wheeled check valve, and reduce the size of piezoelectric pumps. This paper discusses the influence of the valve arm number (N = 2, 3, and 4), the valve arm width (W = 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4mm), and the valve thickness (T = 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0mm) on the flow rate characteristics of piezoelectric pumps. When valve opening rises, the flow rate increases. The simulation results show that valves with 2 valve arm number, 0.6mm valve thickness, and 1.0mm valve arm width have maximum valve opening. The experimental results show that piezoelectric pumps with different valve parameters have different optimal frequencies. In addition, the maximum flow rate is 431.6 ml/min at 220V and 70Hz. This paper provides a reference for the application of piezoelectric pumps in cooling systems.

ESTIMATE RIG CAPACITY AND RENTAL COST IN DRILLING OPERATION GH-02 WELL EXPLORATION MATALOKO GEOTHERMAL FIELDRATION GH-02 WELL EXPLORATION MATALOKO GEOTHERMAL FIELD

Exploration well GH-02 will be drilled directionally at an inclination of 44º and a target of 5920 ft MD or 4840 ft TVD. So that the drilling process can be safe, the rig capacity must be determined optimally so that it is not over capacity which causes higher rig rental costs and also low capacity which causes disruption of the drilling process. The main components that influence the calculation of the horsepower required by the rig are the hoisting system, the rotary system, and the circulation system. The amount of horsepower required in the hoisting system is influenced by the lifting velocity, the hook load and the efficiency factor. While the rotary system is influenced by the amount of rpm and the target depth. Circulation system is influenced by the pump flow rate and pressure loss along the circulation system. The total horsepower required can be calculated by adding up the horsepower from the hoisting system, rotary system, circulation system, plus the safety factor of 100-250 HP for rigs with more than 1000 horsepower. The drilling time is designed optimally so that not much time is wasted which can cause the drilling costs to increase expensive. The amount of the rig rental cost is obtained from the rig rental cost per day with the planned drilling time. The results of the case study calculations show that the rig capacity is 1500 horsepower, drilling is carried out for 22 days and the cost of renting the rig is 660000 USD

Application of Bayesian regularization back propagation neural network in sensorless measurement of pump operational state

Under the strategic framework of global carbon emission reduction, it is urgent to reduce the energy consumption of centrifugal pumps. Monitoring pump’s operational states can effectively help people to understand system’s behavior, and achieve the optimal energy management on pump equipment. In view of installation space, cost, reliability and other factors, it is necessary to find an alternative to the traditional sensor monitoring scheme. Therefore, it is significant to develop a prediction method for the operational state of centrifugal pump using sensorless technology. In this paper, a neural network estimation model based on Bayesian regularization back propagation (BRBP) algorithm is proposed. Compared with the traditional QP estimation model, the new model has better nonlinearity and higher precision. Using power and rotational frequency as input neurons, BRBP model realizes the output of flow rate and head through neuronal calculations. By comparing the predicted flow rate and head values of a multistage centrifugal pump with the measured values at different rotational frequencies, it is found that the mean relative error of flow rate of BRBP model is in the range of 1% to 4%, and the mean relative error of head is in the range of 1% to 2%. The prediction accuracy of BRBP neural network model is obviously higher than that of QP model, which meets the requirements of industrial application.

Entropy Analysis of a Valveless Piezoelectric Pump With Hyperbolic Tubes

In order to solve the problems of large reflux and low output performance of the valveless piezoelectric pump with conical tubes, the valveless piezoelectric pump with hyperbolic tubes was proposed. However, the previous research only paid attention to the difference of forward and reverse flow resistance inside the tubes. For this reason, the prototypes of conical tube valveless piezoelectric pump and hyperbolic tubes valveless piezoelectric pump were fabricated in this paper. The maximum output flow rate of the valveless piezoelectric pump with hyperbolic tubes was 54 ml/min. Subsequently, the size and position of entropy production of the hyperbolic tube and the conical tube were numerically calculated based on entropy production theory in this paper. The results show that the entropy production rate of the hyperbolic tube was significantly lower than that of the conical tube, which is consistent with the experimental results. This research analyzed the energy loss inside the valveless piezoelectric pump by using the entropy generation theory, and provided a new design and research method for improving the output performance of the valveless piezoelectric pump in the future.

Research on energy saving optimization method of electric refrigerated truck based on genetic algorithm

To extend the working time of battery of the electric refrigerated truck, the optimization method of the refrigeration system of a certain electric refrigerated truck is researched in this paper. The compartment of the electric refrigerated truck and the working conditions of refrigeration is simulated by TRNSYS in a whole day. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the operating parameters of the refrigeration system. Firstly, the appropriate optimization variables were selected. Secondly, the objective function was established in order to minimize energy consumption, then the constraints were set according to the actual working conditions. Finally, the parameters such as refrigerant flow rate, refrigerant transfer pump flow rate, and air supply flow rate are computed by genetic algorithm. The results show that with the reasonable parameters, the genetic algorithm can be effectively applied to the optimization of refrigerating truck refrigeration system, which can reduce the energy consumption of refrigerating truck. After optimization, the total energy consumption of refrigerating system can be reduced by average 0.5 kW, and the coefficient of performance (COP) can be increased by 0.15 equally. In addition, the endurance of the electric refrigerated truck will be greatly improved, and the cost of electricity consumption will be reduced.

Comparison of bubble removal performances of five membrane oxygenators with and without a pre-filter.

When employing minimal invasive extracorporeal circulation (MiECC), the removal of bubbles in the circuit is important to prevent air embolism. We investigated the bubble removal performance of the FHP oxygenator with a pre-filter and compared it with that of four oxygenators, including the Fusion oxygenator, Quadrox oxygenator, Inspire oxygenator, and FX oxygenator. A closed test circuit filled with an aqueous glycerin solution was used. Air injection (10mL) was performed prior to the oxygenator, and the number and volume of the bubbles were measured at the inlet and outlet of each oxygenator. At the inlet of the five oxygenators, there were no significant differences in the total number of bubbles detected. At the outlet, bubbles were classified into two groups according to the bubble size: ≥100μm and <100μm. Tests were performed at pump flow rates of 4 and 5L/min. For bubbles ≥100μm, which are considered clinically detrimental, the FHP was the lowest number and volume of bubbles at both pump flow rates compared to the other oxygenators. Regarding the bubbles <100μm, the number of bubbles was higher in the FHP than those in others; however, the volume of bubbles was significantly lower at 4L/min and tended to be lower at 5L/min. The use of the FHP with the pre-filter removed more bubbles ≥100μm in the circuit than that by the other oxygenators.

Life Cycle Analysis of the Raseta Pump Using OpenLCA

Developed and crafted in Madagascar, the Raseta pump is a novel hydraulic ram (hydram) pump using a springs system. It operates differently from other pumps by the exclusive use of water energy due to the water hammer phenomenon induced by the sudden stop of the water flow. The present study initiates the investigation of the environmental impacts of this new type of hydram pump through a life cycle analysis using OpenLCA 1.8. It was found that, when operating in a small-scale water pumping system, the choice of the pump supply pipe material has small differences of environmental impacts, whether the material is made of steel or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Moreover, compared to a solar pump for the same pumping flow rate, the use of the Raseta pump is more environmentally friendly and less harmful to human health. However, the actual advantageous utilization of such a system needs further studies such as social and techno-economic analysis.

Development of Inspired Therapeutics Pediatric VAD: Computational Analysis and Characterization of VAD V3

Pediatric heart failure patients remain in critical need of a dedicated mechanical circulatory support (MCS) solution as development efforts for specific pediatric devices continue to fall behind those for the adult population. The Inspired Pediatric VAD is being developed as a pediatric specific MCS solution to provide up to 30-days of circulatory or respiratory support in a compact modular package that could allow for patient ambulation during treatment. Hydrodynamic performance (flows, pressures), impeller/rotor mechanical properties (torques, forces), and flow shear stress and residence time distributions of the latest design version, Inspired Pediatric VAD V3, were numerically predicted and investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software (SolidWorks Flow Simulator). Hydrodynamic performance was numerically predicted, indicating no change in flow and pressure head compared to the previous device design (V2), while displaying increased impeller/rotor torques and translation forces enabled by improved geometry. Shear stress and flow residence time volumetric distributions are presented over a range of pump rotational speeds and flow rates. At the lowest pump operating point (3000 RPM, 0.50 L/min, 75 mmHg), 79% of the pump volume was in the shear stress range of 0-10 Pa with < 1% of the volume in the critical range of 150-1000 Pa for blood damage. At higher speed and flow (5000 RPM, 3.50 L/min, 176 mmHg), 65% of the volume resided in the 0-10 Pa range compared to 2.3% at 150-1000 Pa. The initial computational characterization of the Inspired Pediatric VAD V3 is encouraging and future work will include device prototype testing in a mock circulatory loop and acute large animal model.

Multi-parameter load sensing pump model simulation and flow rate characteristics research

Load sensing pumps have been widely used in diverse hydraulic systems. Studies show that structural parameters have undeniable impacts on the characteristics and efficiency of the load sensing pump. The main purpose of this article is to study the influence of load sensing pump structure parameters on flow characteristics. In the present study, a nonlinear multi-parameter model is proposed for this type of pump. In this model, different parameters, including spool clearance, spool covering amount, internal leakage are considered to reflect the displacement adjustment process of the load sensing pump. Moreover, a frequency sweep method is proposed to analyze the frequency domain of the nonlinear mathematical model. An experiment rig was built to study the influence of key structural parameters on the dynamic follow-up characteristics of the pump flow. The obtained results show that the diameter of the orifice d can significantly affect the working characteristics of the pump. It is found that a large diameter of the orifice d can improve the phase following ability of the system, while a small diameter of the orifice d can reduce the bypass flow rate and increase the amplitude following ability. This paper provides a new consideration to study the dynamic follow-up characteristics of the load sensing pump.

Principle and structure of a multi-chamber piezoelectric pump with large flow rate integrated into printed circuit board

Parametric simulation of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump proposed by authors shows that its flow rate is positively correlated with chamber compression ratio when height of chamber wall is not less than central deflection of circular piezoelectric unimorph actuator (CPUA). Therefore, in this paper, principle and structure of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump with novel CPUAs with three-layer structure are proposed and realized, so as to improve its chamber compression ratio, and then improve its flow rate. Its processing technology compatible with PCB processing technology is studied and its flow rate model is established. Central deflection of CPUA with three-layer structure and the flow rate characteristics are tested. Experimental results show that when the central deflection of CPUA with three-layer structure reaches the maximum value of 106.8 μm, the chamber compression ratio and flow rate of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump reach the maximum value of 50% and 3.11 mL/min, respectively. The maximum flow rate is increased by 622% compared to unimproved pump. By comparing experimental results with numerical and finite element simulation results, the realized multi-chamber piezoelectric pump has large flow rate and the established flow rate model can predict its flow rate.

Fluid Pressure Dynamics in a Hydraulic Fracture during Transient-Well-Operation Modes

At present, hydraulic fracturing is one of the most effective methods for intensifying hydrocarbon production. The paper describes the transient-well-operation modes of the well, establishes a connection between the changing fluid flow in the well and the pressure in the fracture and reservoir. With this purpose, a solution is found to the integro-differential equation that describes the change in pressure in the hydraulic fracture with a known change in pressure in the well or at a given flow rate. Based on the bottomhole pressure change data for a short-term pump operation that maintains a constant flow rate and subsequent pump shutdown (Π-shaped flow rate change), it is convenient to determine the characteristics of a hydraulic fracture using the formulae proposed in the paper. The results of the work can be used in hydrodynamic studies of wells.

Shading Effect on Flow Rate of Solar DC Water Pump

Partial shading (PS) has a negative impact not only on the shaded Photo Voltaic PV modules/arrays but also on the power generated by the partially shaded photovoltaic (PSPV) system. It decreases the output power of the (PV) system and adds to hot fleck issues, which may result in the thermal breakdown of shaded PV modules. Solar water pumping is based on a (PV) system that converts solar energy into electrical energy to power a DC motor. This paper includes a practical investigation on the DC pump performance, as well as the influence of (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and completely) shading on the performance of the DC pump motor. The current study shows that by Using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, the motor voltage will be stabilized and not affected by the increase in the shading area.