Injection Pump Research Articles

A Non-invasive Method of Marine Engines Fuel System Diagnostics

Small naval vessels are equipped with high- and medium-speed engines with low diagnostic compliance. Faults in fuel installations are the most common cause of failure or inability to perform operational scenarios adequately. Identification of injector damage is severe as small engines are not equipped with indicators and thermocouples to measure the overall exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust manifold. The paper presents a vibration method for assessing the technical condition of a fuel installation. The proposed method is non-invasive and allows the indication of a damaged injector within a relatively short time. The paper presents simulation results verified with stand-bed tests. The research aimed to show the sensitivity and uniqueness of vibration symptoms to changes in the technical condition of fuel injection pumps. The conducted experiment confirmed the possibility of using vibration tests in the professional diagnostics of the fuel installation. These results are essential for the use of marine engines that do not have indicator valves.

НАСОС-ФОРСУНКА ДИЗЕЛЯ С КОЛЬЦЕВЫМ УПРАВЛЯЮЩИМ КЛАПАНОМ

The studies were carried out with the aim of modernizing the pump injector with a hydraulic actuator of the HEUI system plunger with the development of a control valve model based on a split elastic ring that provides fast fuel injection control. The upgraded device differs from the existing ones in that instead of a control freely floating valve (ball) or a poppet valve with springs, a valve in the form of a split elastic ring is installed in the valve assembly. One end of this ring is fixed rigidly, the other is freely movable to block the drain channel of the liquid. The canal overlaps the free edge of the ring when the electromagnet is turned on (installed with a gap inside the ring), and also (in the absence or malfunction of the electromagnet) from the valve itself running under the pressure of the supplied fluid. When upgrading the pump injector by the proposed method and using an annular control valve with electronic control (with optimal ring parameters), a new technical effect is achieved - reducing the response time of the control valve. This is due to the fact that the free edge of the split elastic ring, like a mechanical multiplier, blocks the drain canal π times faster than the valve stroke when it rises from the pressure of the fluid flow or signal when the electromagnet is on. The ring valve simultaneously acts as a spring to return to its original position, simplifying the design as much as possible. In the course of research, a new mathematical expression was derived for calculating the valve stroke depending on its design parameters. Using this formula, the optimal parameters of the control ring valve of the pump injector were established, which affect the quality of fuel injection in a wide range of diesel operation: diameter - 20 mm, ring width - 12 mm, thickness - 0.46 mm, diameter of the control fluid supply canal - 3 mm.

НАСОС-ФОРСУНКА ДИЗЕЛЯ С КОЛЬЦЕВЫМ УПРАВЛЯЮЩИМ КЛАПАНОМ

The studies were carried out with the aim of modernizing the pump injector with a hydraulic actuator of the HEUI system plunger with the development of a control valve model based on a split elastic ring that provides fast fuel injection control. The upgraded device differs from the existing ones in that instead of a control freely floating valve (ball) or a poppet valve with springs, a valve in the form of a split elastic ring is installed in the valve assembly. One end of this ring is fixed rigidly, the other is freely movable to block the drain channel of the liquid. The canal overlaps the free edge of the ring when the electromagnet is turned on (installed with a gap inside the ring), and also (in the absence or malfunction of the electromagnet) from the valve itself running under the pressure of the supplied fluid. When upgrading the pump injector by the proposed method and using an annular control valve with electronic control (with optimal ring parameters), a new technical effect is achieved - reducing the response time of the control valve. This is due to the fact that the free edge of the split elastic ring, like a mechanical multiplier, blocks the drain canal π times faster than the valve stroke when it rises from the pressure of the fluid flow or signal when the electromagnet is on. The ring valve simultaneously acts as a spring to return to its original position, simplifying the design as much as possible. In the course of research, a new mathematical expression was derived for calculating the valve stroke depending on its design parameters. Using this formula, the optimal parameters of the control ring valve of the pump injector were established, which affect the quality of fuel injection in a wide range of diesel operation: diameter - 20 mm, ring width - 12 mm, thickness - 0.46 mm, diameter of the control fluid supply canal - 3 mm.

Simulation research on passive safety injection system of marine nuclear power plant based on compressed gas

In case of a large or medium LOCA accident of marine nuclear power plant, the loop pressure drops rapidly. In case of power failure of the whole ship at this time, the active safety injection system will lose its function because the safety injection pump needs AC power, and the core is at risk of melting. A passive marine safety injection system based on high-pressure compressed gas is designed for the superposition of large and medium LOCA accidents and the whole ship's power failure accidents, including the safety injection subsystem of medium and low pressure and the safety injection subsystem of recirculation. The energy required for safety injection is provided by the potential energy of compressed gas, the pressure head is provided by the technology of gas-liquid booster pump, and the collection signals and valves are controlled by the technology of intelligent fluid control unit with small power consumption. The power supply used in the system is provided by DC 24 V battery. The mathematical and physical models of accumulator, gas storage tank, gas-liquid booster pump, reactor body and its pipeline are established for the designed passive safety injection system. The operation and safety characteristics of medium pressure safety injection, low pressure safety injection and recycling safety injection under LOCA accident conditions are simulated. The safety injection time and flow rate of three safety injection pressures are simulated by medium pressure safety injection, the safety injection time and peak temperature are simulated by low pressure safety injection, and the pressure and system temperature are simulated by recirculation safety injection. The simulation results show that the marine passive safety injection system designed under LOCA accident conditions can meet the requirements of core cooling.

Dermatological Complications of Insulin Therapy in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study

Background . Dermatological complications of insulin therapy in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) cause low patient retention to treatment, reduce insulin therapy (with injection pens and pumps) efficiency, limit the use of modern high-tech methods of glycemia monitoring. Objective . Our aim was to study the structure and risk factors of dermatological complications of insulin therapy in children with T1D. Methods . Children aged from 1 to 17 with T1D and their parents were interviewed using the questionnaire containing 28 questions about skin changes associated with insulin therapy or glycemia monitoring in the past and about injection techniques. Skin (local allergic and/or inflammation reactions) and subcutaneous fat (hypotrophy and hypertrophy) changes at injection, infusion set, catheter and sensor sites were estimated via patient examination. The structure of dermatological complications of insulin therapy and their correlation with injection technique, infusion pump sets installation and glycemia monitoring were analyzed. Results . The study has included 50 patients with median age of 12 years (10; 14), T1D duration of 4 years (3; 7). 32 patients have performed insulin injections via injection pens, others have used insulin pump therapy. Continuous glycemia monitoring via sensor-augmented pump was performed in 5 patients, flash glycemia monitoring — in 17 patients. Allergic reactions (urticarial-type) to insulin were reported in 4 (8%) cases. Signs of allergic contact dermatitis at the catheter/sensor site were revealed in 5/18 (28%) patients on insulin pump therapy (no rotation of infusion systems installation sites) and 10/22 (45%) patients on glycemia monitoring (3 with continuous glycemia monitoring, 7 with flash glycemia monitoring). Lipoatrophy was revealed in 1 patient (on insulin pump therapy), lipohypertrophy was revealed in 22 patients: 20/32 (63%) were using injection pens and 2/18 (11%) — insulin pump therapy. Lipohypertrophy was revealed more often on self-administration via injection pens (in all cases patients did not change the insulin injection site, the needle was replaced less than 1 time per day). Conclusion . Risk of dermatological complications in children with T1D is higher when the injection technique or infusion set installation is inappropriate.

A technique for determining pump injector settings for an on-table CT or 3D DSA in interventional radiology

IntroductionOn-Table computed tomography (CT) or 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in interventional radiology (IR) has become a valuable diagnostic tool. MethodsA review of the literature found a poor evidential base supporting the technical parameters for iodinated contrast delivery during these acquisition sequences. Results and conclusionThis technical note presents an easy method of estimating the parameters needed to reliably obtain diagnostic on-table CT or 3D DSA images, whilst attempting minimising contrast dose. Implications for practiceA systematic approach to estimating contrast delivery regimes during on-table CT and 3D DSA can help ensure diagnostic quality images are obtained. Further clinical studies are now required to rigorously evaluate this protocol.

A New Method of Identifying the Limit Condition of Injection Pump Wear in Self-Ignition Engines

The quality or reliability of diagnostics is understood as obtaining the most likely diagnosis, and finding possible causes leading to incorrect operation of the system. In real engine running conditions it is often very difficult. Dependable methods providing the most reliable diagnoses have not been developed yet. It becomes more and more important to identify the limit state in condition monitoring—the state that should not be exceeded because continued operation of such a machine is not advisable for technical, economic, or operational safety reasons. The authors have implemented a method using acoustic emission signal analysis for the identification of the injection pump limit state in a working engine. The use of the cross gain function allows one to reliably diagnose limit conditions related to the wear of the precision pair in injection pumps of running engines, working as energy transmission systems on ships and in land-based power stations. The paper draws the results for two different marine diesel engines: two-stroke (by MAN B&W type 7S80MC-C) and four-stroke (by Wartsila type SW 380). The experiment results obtained indicate that the use of the cross gain function allows us to determine the limit condition for a various type of injection pump.

Study on the coolant pressure of internal combustion engines through vibro-acoustical analysis of a real cylinder block structure

Liner cavitation is caused by water pressure fluctuation in the water coolant passage of internal combustion engines. The high-speed re-entrant jet and shock wave following the implosion of cavitation bubbles cause cavitation erosion on the wet cylinder liner surface. The present work proposes a numerical method to predict the water pressure fluctuation of engine systems considering acoustic features of water coolant passage. The effect of the geometry modification of water coolant passage is evaluated. The water coolant passage acoustic field is introduced into the engine system containing a crankcase, a gear case, a cylinder head and an injection pump. The water coolant pressure fluctuation and engine vibration are calculated for engine systems with different exciting forces. The cross-sectional pressure distribution of water coolant passage and the longitudinal pressure distribution along thrust side of liner at top dead center are discussed. It is revealed that the pressure distribution is influenced by certain acoustic modes. The pressure fluctuates strongly at the top dead center, which is conductive to bubble formation and explosion.

Optimization of Fuel Savers Preheater Water System (PWS) for Diesel Fuel

The present work aims to design and investigate the performance of diesel fuel heating system called Preheater Water System (PWS). The PWS is made of stainless-steel container, copper spiral pipe and electric heater. The container has a diameter of 140 mm and height of 170 mm. The tube has a diameter of 8.5 mm. This system heats the diesel fuel before entering the fuel injector pump. The system utilizes heat from the heat from radiator cooling water and also uses additional electrical heating. The system is equipped with temperature sensor to measure the diesel fuel entering the fuel injector pump. The results show that at engine speed of 800 rpm (idle condition), temperature of the fuel increases 55°C, fuel consumption is 26% more efficient. At medium speed of 1200 rpm, the temperature increases up to 55°C and fuel consumption is 15% less. Meanwhile at the engine speed of 2200 rpm, the temperature rises to 60°C and fuel consumption increases up to 15%. In can be conclude that the PWS works well and the optimum temperature of the diesel fuel is 50°C.

Design and experiment of energy-saving water injection pump

An energy-saving water injection pump aimed at high-energy consumption and low efficiency of the traditional water injection pump in the later stages of oilfield exploitation is proposed. The hydraulic pump is used as the main power source to control the movement of the piston through the mechanical reversing valve, thereby driving the plunger to move left and right, supercharging the water in the plunger cylinder. First, the structural parameters of the energy-saving water injection pump were determined. Then, dynamic analysis of the pump parts was carried out. The finite element simulation of the piston cylinder and the plunger cylinder showed that the structural strength meets the requirements. The hydraulic system dynamic simulation showed that the output pressure can reach the predetermined pressure. Finally, a field test was carried out in the Jiangsu Oilfield. The results show that the device can meet the water injection requirements of the oilfield.

Using Sliding Mode Controller and Eligibility Traces for Controlling the Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients at the Presence of Fault

Some people suffering from diabetes use insulin injection pumps to control the blood glucose level. Sometimes, the fault may occur in the sensor or actuator of these pumps. The main objective of this paper is controlling the blood glucose level at the desired level and fault-tolerant control of these injection pumps. To this end, the eligibility traces algorithm is combined with the sliding mode control. The eligibility traces algorithm is one of the newest solving methods of the Reinforcement Learning approach. The major disadvantage of the sliding mode control method is the chattering phenomenon. In this paper, the novel idea is the combination of these methods to remove the chattering phenomena in simulation results. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, it is compared with another combinatory method that is the sliding mode control and Artificial Neural Networks. Simulation results reveal that the combination of the eligibility traces algorithm and the sliding mode control can control the blood glucose level and insulin with a higher speed and bring them to the desired level, even in the case the sensor and actuator faults are present in the system. When the proposed hybrid method is used, the injected dosage of the drug is lower, which will result in reduced side effects. Finally, the noise, as well as the uncertainty in system parameters and initial conditions are applied to the system to investigate the performance of the proposed controller, under the faulty condition.

Comparative study of three ways of using Jatropha curcas vegetable oil in a direct injection diesel engine

Although vegetable oils are apparently an advantageous alternative fuel for direct use in traditional diesel engines with no modification necessary, in practice many problems are regularly discussed in the literature including filter clogging, breakage of certain types of injection pumps, and deposits of carbon on the cold parts of engines.Several technological solutions have been proposed to overcome these problems but the majority of papers discuss them individually and have not actually compared them in similar conditions. The purpose of the present study was to use the same experimental device to compare the three most widely recognised technological options for the use of Jatropha curcas vegetable oil as a fuel in a direct injection diesel engine: preheating, blending with diesel, and recirculating exhaust gases. Power output, specific consumption, thermal efficiency and exhaust gas emissions were compared to those of diesel used as the reference. The results obtained were similar for preheated and non-preheated Jatropha oil, but differed from the results obtained with diesel. Similar combustion performance and similar emissions were obtained with a blend of 20% Jatropha oil and diesel to those obtained with diesel alone. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with Jatropha oil could lead to fouling in the combustion chamber. In contrast to widely accepted theory, this study also clearly demonstrates that the viscosity of vegetable oil is not the main cause of poorer combustion quality and, consequently, of deposits in the combustion chamber.

The effects of stress and fluid on the anisotropy of reservoir rock: case study of a sandstone from the harvey 3 CCS site, Western Australia

In rock physics one of the important purposes of the determination of P- and S-wave velocities is to obtain the elastic constants and anisotropy parameters. This method is standardised in American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) by a standard D2845-95. The most challenging yet important part of these experiments is picking the first arrivals correctly and consistently. A sharp, clean first arrival of a wave is not always possible, especially when testing dry, porous sandstones at low pressures. The signal transmitted through such samples is weak due to a high damping effect, and picking the first break introduces uncertainties. Harvey sandstone is a sample type with high porosity and, therefore, some degree of anisotropy is expected. In order to study the anisotropy parameters of the Harvey 3 sandstone which belongs to Lesuer- Wonnerup Member of the Yalgorup Member, three core plugs in directions of horizontal, vertical and diagonal, were experimentally investigated. The laboratory measurements on three different samples which are cut at three different directions with regards to the base deposition system enabled us to calculate the anisotropy parameters using a standard acoustic equipment while applying stress. We concluded that Harvey 3 poses a more complex symmetry axis of anisotropy, and no sign of low-grade anisotropy was observed through the experimental data. To study the anisotropy degree of the Harvey 3 sandstone, a pressure cell, pore fluid injection pump, and ultrasonic system (consisting of P- and S-wave transducers, oscilloscope and pulser/receiver) were used to record the elastic waves passing through the samples. The specimens were fully saturated inside the pressure cell using vacuum injection for the best possible comparison of dry and saturated status. The results confirmed that the sample is far from weak anisotropy and possesses more axes of symmetries than simple layering anisotropy due to the pore orientation and distribution in the matrix of the background rock. The study also confirms that the anisotropy degree decreases under full compaction and full saturation, and the Harvey 3 anisotropy becomes elliptical when it’s fully saturated. Large, stress-dependent changes in the ultrasonic velocities for porous media were observed in this experimental study, which confirms the usefulness of such studies in examining the inner structure change process.

Convection-enhanced delivery of temozolomide and whole cell tumor immunizations in GL261 and KR158 experimental mouse gliomas

BackgroundGlioblastomas (GBM) are therapy-resistant tumors with a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Chemotherapy has shown limited efficacy against GBM. Systemic delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is hampered by the difficulty of achieving intratumoral levels as systemic toxicity is a dose-limiting factor. Although some of its effects might be mediated by immune reactivity, systemic chemotherapy can also inhibit induced or spontaneous antitumor immune reactivity. Convection-enhanced delivery of temozolomide (CED-TMZ) can tentatively increase intratumoral drug concentration while reducing systemic side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intratumorally delivered temozolomide in combination with immunotherapy and whether such therapy can generate a cellular antitumor immune response.MethodsSingle bolus intratumoral injection and 3-day mini-osmotic pumps (Alzet®) were used to deliver intratumoral TMZ in C57BL6 mice bearing orthotopic gliomas. Immunotherapy consisted of subcutaneous injections of irradiated GL261 or KR158 glioma cells. Tumor size and intratumoral immune cell populations were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsCombined CED-TMZ and immunotherapy had a synergistic antitumor effect in the GL261 model, compared to CED-TMZ or immunotherapy as monotherapies. In the KR158 model, immunization cured a small proportion of the mice whereas addition of CED-TMZ did not have a synergistic effect. However, CED-TMZ as monotherapy prolonged the median survival. Moreover, TMZ bolus injection in the GL261 model induced neurotoxicity and lower cure rate than its equivalent dose delivered by CED. In addition, we found that T-cells were the predominant cells responsible for the TMZ antitumor effect in the GL261 model. Finally, CED-TMZ combined with immunotherapy significantly reduced tumor volume and increased the intratumoral influx of T-cells in both models.ConclusionsWe show that immunotherapy synergized with CED-TMZ in the GL261 model and cured animals in the KR158 model. Single bolus administration of TMZ was effective with a narrower therapeutic window than CED-TMZ. Combined CED-TMZ and immunotherapy led to an increase in the intratumoral influx of T-cells. These results form part of the basis for the translation of the therapy to patients with GBM but the dosing and timing of delivery will have to be explored in depth both experimentally and clinically.

Drive Control Simulation and Experimental Studies on the Flow Characteristics of a Pump Injector

As a miniaturized direct injection (DI) solution, the pump injector is of great significance for small aviation piston engines, such as two-stroke heavy-fuel engines. The accurate control of the timing and amount of injections is an important application prerequisite. In this paper, the flow characteristics of a pump injector with different driving circuits and parameters are investigated. The effects of the power supply and freewheeling circuits on the opening and closing delays are theoretically studied. A schematic of a self-designed logic control circuit is proposed, and it achieves peak and hold current control without software intervention. Simulations and experiments are carried out, and the drive current and flow characteristics in different states are measured. The results show that when driving a solenoid with a high internal resistance of $2.70~\Omega $ , a single power supply is more suitable, and the variable-freewheeling circuit exhibits excellent performance in terms of control accuracy and energy recovery. Notably, the invariable-freewheeling circuit results in nonlinear flow characteristics, and the nonlinear segment corresponds to the drive current transitioning from the peak value to the hold value. In contrast, the variable-freewheeling circuit overcomes this problem. To comprehensively consider solenoid opening and closing delays, energy consumption and the linearity of the flow characteristics during injection, a peak current of 10 A and a hold current of 8 A are adopted.

Time delay signature and bandwidth of chaotic laser output from semiconductor laser

<sec> Semiconductor laser (SL) can output chaotic lasers under external disturbances such as optical injection or optical feedback, and the bandwidth can reach up to GHz magnitude. External-cavity feedback semiconductor lasers can output high-dimensional chaotic lasers and are considered to be better sources of chaotic entropy. However, due to external cavity feedback and other effects, it will give rise to obvious external cavity time delay signature (TDS) in the output chaotic laser, which restricts the application of chaotic lasers. On the other hand, the bandwidth of chaotic laser determines the transmission rate of confidential communication, and therefore TDS and bandwidth are two important parameters that will affect chaotic laser’s applications. Therefore, it is significant to take appropriate measures to suppress the TDS and increase the bandwidth of chaotic laser output by semiconductor laser. </sec><sec> In this paper the output laser from a semiconductor laser with single optical feedback is partially injected to another semiconductor laser with double filtered optical feedback. Thus they form a semiconductor laser system with external optical injection and double filtered optical feedback, i.e. a master-slave laser system which is used to suppress the TDS of chaotic laser and investigate its bandwidth. We numerically investigate the influences of external light injection coefficient, feedback intensity, pumping factor, and filter bandwidth on TDS. Then the suppression effects of this system on TDS are analyzed and compared with those of semiconductor laser system with external optical injection and single optical feedback, those of semiconductor laser system with external optical injection and double optical feedback, those of semiconductor laser system with external optical injection and single filtered optical feedback, and those of semiconductor laser system with double filtered optical feedback. The results show that the proposed scheme in this paper has the best suppression effect on TDS. Then the bandwidth of the chaotic laser output from the system is investigated under the condition of parameters of effectively suppressing TDS. The results show that the system proposed in this paper can increase the bandwidth of the system output chaotic laser by properly selecting the parametric values, and the maximum bandwidth value of the obtained chaotic laser is about 8.8 GHz. The above investigations indicate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results of this investigation are significant for the application of chaotic lasers. </sec>

Root cause analysis of inlet connector leakage problem in fuel injection pump by Shainin methodology

Quality engineering is popularly adopted by manufacturing industry and the problem solving is an important part of quality engineering. One such problem solving technique is explained in this study. This study mainly focuses on finding the root cause of rejection due to leakage in the inlet connector assembly in the fuel injection pumps. Shainin method is used mainly to converge to the root cause of the problem and propose a solution for quality improvement. Misalignment of the inlet connector with respect to the housing of the pump is identified as the root cause for the leakage caused. Hence this study explains converging to the root cause and validating the result by using the Shainin methodology.

Design adaptation of the automobile and tractor diesel engine for work on mixed vegetable-mineral fuel

The article is devoted to the solution of the problem associated with the partial substitution of marketable mineral diesel fuel (DF) with mixed vegetable-mineral (MDF) engine fuel. The bio-component of MDF is vegetable oil, for example, Camelina seed oil. A design option of a dual-fuel feeding system has been proposed, the main component of which is a mixing and metering unit for vegetable oil and mineral diesel fuel which allows electric metering units controlled by an electronic control unit (ECU) to respond to signals from diesel load-speed sensors (crankshaft speed, injector rack position (fuel injection pump)) and temperature gauge of camelina oil, to ensure the feed of mixed diesel fuel with components of different content. The use of mixed diesel fuel based on vegetable oil, containing for example 50 % of mineral commercial fuel and 50 % of camelina oil, makes it possible with a slight decrease in the effective power (not more than 6 %) and some increase in the specific effective consumption of mixed fuel (up to 14 %) to save 50 % of fuel of petroleum origin, as well as to reduce the smoke opacity of exhaust gases by 17–20 % and reduce the content of carbon oxide by 35–40 % compared with the work of a diesel engine on commercial mineral diesel fuel.

Transient prediction of annular pressure between packers in high-pressure low-permeability wells during high-rate, staged acid jobs

For high-pressure low-permeability wells, wellbore temperature drops drastically in high-rate and multistage acid fracturing process. Under the combined action of the swelling of tubing string and the contraction of annular fluid between packers, annular pressure between packers undergoes violent transient change in staged acid jobs, thereby deteriorating loading on the tubing string and packers. Based on the principle of energy conservation and wellbore heat conduction, the transient prediction of two-dimensional (2D) wellbore temperature field under pumping injection condition was established by considering the effects of heat generated by friction and convection heat exchange. Moreover, the effects of wellbore temperature/pressure changes on the annular volume between packers were analyzed. Furthermore, in combination with the transient prediction model of wellbore temperature, PVT state equation of annular fluid, the calculation model of tubing string radial deformation and the transient seepage equation of the formation, the transient prediction model of annular pressure between packers in high-pressure low-permeability wells was established. Finally, by taking a high-pressure low-permeability well as an example, annular pressure between packers was calculated and the forces on the packers and tubing string were analyzed. According to the prediction results, the tubing string, which was regarded to be safe using conventional design method, exhibited an extremely high risk of failure after taking into account the decrease in annular pressure between packers. Therefore, the decrease in annular pressure should be fully considered in the design of tubing string for high-pressure low-permeability wells in multistage acid fracturing process. In combination with sensitivity analysis results, it can be concluded that formation permeability, injection rate and formation pressure all affected the change in annular pressure between packers.

Effects of Using JP8-Diesel Fuel Mixtures in a Pump Injector Engine on Engine Performance

JP-8 fuel used in the aviation industry, especially in military fields, is used as a common military fuel between NATO countries. As the basic substance of JP-8 fuel, kerosene flares at high temperatures directly increase aircraft safety and freezing point is around -49 ° C, it is advantageous to use easily in fuel systems. In this study, the effects of jp-8 and diesel fuel mixtures on engine performance were investigated experimentally. A 3-cylinder, four-stroke, turbocharged diesel engine with pump injector fuel system was used for this purpose. 5% JP8 was added to diesel fuel. It was used as a fuel in the engine and the obtained values were analyzed according to the diesel fuel.