Pump Assembly Research Articles

Effect of infusion line connection and infusion line characteristics on start-up fluid delivery from syringe infusion pumps used for microinfusion.

Connecting an infusion line to a closed stopcock results in pressurization of fluid within the syringe infusion pump assembly leading to flow irregularities when opening the stopcock and activating the pump. It was the purpose of this study to assess the extent of pressurization under different conditions and its impact on start-up fluid delivery. Intraluminal pressures and start-up fluid delivery at 1 mL/h flow rate were assessed with connection of the infusion line 1 min (delayed connection) or immediately after purging (immediate connection) using two different infusion lines made from polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE). Delayed connection resulted in an increase of intraluminal pressures from zero to 5.1 [4.5 to 5.7] mmHg with the PVC line and from zero to 47.1 [44.8 to 49.3] mmHg with the PE line (mean difference 42.0 [95% CI 39.3-44.7] mmHg; p < .0001). Immediate connection resulted in an increase of intraluminal pressures from zero to 44.3 [41.8-46.8] mmHg with the PVC line and from zero to 61.3 [57.2-65.4] mmHg with the PE line (mean difference 17.0 [95% CI 11.8-22.2] mmHg; p < .0001). The increase in intraluminal pressures was significantly higher with PE lines for both delayed and immediate connection when compared to the PVC lines (mean difference 29.5 [95% CI 19.3-39.7] mmHg; p < .0001). Related fluid volumes delivered at 10 s and 360 s after starting the pump ranged from -252% to 1321% (10 s) of expected infusion volumes and from 59% to 129% (360 s), respectively. Both, timing of infusion line connection after purging and infusion line characteristics considerably affect intraluminal pressures and start-up fluid delivery when connecting a new syringe infusion pump assembly to a closed stopcock. Consecutive alterations in drug administration can have considerable hemodynamic consequences when dealing with catecholamine infusions in critically ill patients.

Perencanaan Pompa untuk Mempercepat Waktu Pengisian Oli di PT KSB Indonesia

In this study, specifications &amp; design of the pump to used will be analyzed, then performance the oil pump is known, and effect of the oil pump on the ISP 3600 Trailer pump assembly process is analyzed. This research method begins with problem identification, literature study, analysis &amp; optimization, design planning, fabrication process, assembly process and testing, then analyzed to obtain results in accordance with the objectives. Results this testing use a gear pump with minimum power of 67.15 Watts, using electric motor that has a minimum torque of 1.081 N.m and minimum power of 0.2125 HP, and using minimum capacitor capacity of 24.31 µF. This test uses Fuchs Renolin B46 Plus oil. Results this testing obtain a discharge of 16.789 l/min and charging time of 12.21 minutes per 205 liters.

Implementation of hydram pump technology to solve clean water crisis in Kalipuro, Banyuwangi

Bulusari Village in Banyuwangi Regency, despite its abundant water resources, faces a significant clean water crisis that adversely affects the quality of life and health of its residents. This community service program was initiated to address this crisis through the implementation of environmentally friendly hydraulic pump technology. The primary objective was to provide a sustainable solution for clean water delivery to the rural community. The project was carried out in several stages, including community socialization, elevation measurement, hydraulic pump design, preparation of tools and materials, pump assembly, trial runs, application, and ongoing evaluation and monitoring. The hydraulic pump was designed to lift water up to 150 meters by harnessing the energy from water falling from an 8-meter height. The implementation of the hydraulic pump in Bulusari Village has had a significant positive impact, resulting in increased access to clean water, improved health outcomes, and enhanced environmental awareness among villagers. The pump has consistently delivered water at a rate of 4.8 liters per minute, proving its effectiveness. Guidelines for periodic monitoring and evaluation have been established to ensure the long-term functionality of the pump. This project has successfully alleviated the clean water crisis in Bulusari Village, thereby improving the villagers' quality of life and health.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROD WELL PUMP UNIT'S KNOB KNOT

This article explores the use of sealing rings in pump shafts for a longer-lasting and more reliable seal operation. Elastic, temperature, and plastic stresses resulting from temperature effects on the sealing rings in pump assemblies with shafts are calculated. The theoretical and experimental prevention of leakage in existing sealing rings in pump assemblies with shafts is investigated. Variations in construction designs of sealing rings with stress-strain optimization based on the Ritz method are studied. Methodologies for the calculation of pump shaft sealing ring designs are developed and implemented. Modeling, optimization, and calculation of the optimal seal design are conducted. The article explains the purpose and innovations of the research. The first section analyzes the reasons for leaks in pump shaft sealing rings. The second section discusses limitations and thermal stress due to temperature effects on the sealing rings. The third section focuses on researching the seal model and conducting studies to determine the optimal seal design. The final section examines the impact of new seals on leakage using various graphs and diagrams. Keywords: The mechanical seal of the pump assembly, the self-aligning bearing, wear, reliability, and stress.

Fluid-Solid Interaction Analysis at the Slip Joint of a Boiling Water Reactor Type 5 Jet Pump

In this paper, the fluid-solid interaction of a jet pump of a boiling water reactor type 5 (BWR/5), with its riser subjected to a leakage flow through its slip joint, is reported. This is a fluid-elastic instability problem. A methodology is proposed for the evaluation of the velocity of the fluid at the slip joint with and without a labyrinth seal. It is calculated with computational fluid dynamics. The results show that such a seal reduces the velocity of the fluid and produces a stable and linear behavior between the inlet and the outlet fluid velocities at the slip joint. Then the first five natural frequencies of the jet pump assembly are evaluated. The range is between 24.74 Hz and 60.21 Hz. The mass of water inside and outside of such an assembly is considered. With these data and the dimensions of the slip joint, a finite element mesh is developed and the time step (∆t = 0.001 s) is determined. The fluid and structure mesh are coupled. The fluid flow through the slip joint without a labyrinth seal is evaluated with a two-way fluid-structure interaction under normal conditions of operation. Accelerations up to 8 g can be developed at the bottom of the mixer. The fluid flow is estimated during the first 0.25 s. Flow-induced vibration can be exacerbated in resonance conditions. These values are similar to those obtained in the experimental analyses reported in the open literature. One of the excitation frequencies caused by the interaction between the fluid and the structure was close to the third natural frequency of this assembly (46.99 Hz). If the integrity of the labyrinth seal is maintained, the jet pump will not present high-amplitude oscillations. Therefore, an adequate management of seal degradation is required and failures of the jet pump can be avoided.

Retention of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances by syringe filters

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are being increasingly measured in water and wastewater due to emerging toxicity concerns and strict regulatory limits. Previous studies have filtered water samples to remove suspended solids before PFAS analysis. However, filtration may introduce negative bias to measured PFAS concentrations. Using a well-controlled syringe pump assembly, we evaluated retention of six perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, three perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, one fluorotelomer sulfonate, and two perfluorooctane sulfonamides by glass-fiber, glass-fiber cellulose acetate, nylon, polyethersulfone, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride/ difluoride, and surfactant-free cellulose acetate filters. The impacts of water quality and operational parameters were also investigated for select filter types. We found that PFAS were retained on all filters, with the glass-fiber cellulose acetate filters demonstrating the lowest retention. For all filters, PFAS retention was linearly related to chain length and hydrophobicity above certain thresholds (i.e., log D higher than 1.5). Importantly, more PFAS were retained at low filtrate volumes, and ~ 30 mL filtrate was required before the retention efficiencies stabilized. Solution pH only affected the retention of perfluorooctane sulfonamides. Pore size (i.e., 0.20, 0.45, 0.70 µm), filtration rate (i.e., 0.5, 1.0 mL min−1), and PFAS concentration (i.e., 10, 100 µg L−1), did not exert major influences on PFAS retention. The presence of dissolved organic matter improved PFAS permeation. Based on the reported results, filtration introduces bias and is not recommended for sample pretreatment.

Exergy efficiency and heat transfer from the condenser in heat pump systems

In cooling systems, the thermal energy transfer capability of the condensers used for the condensation of the refrigerant is very important for the efficient operation of the systems. A heat pump assembly was installed and R134a was used as the fluid. During operation, the temperature of the refrigerant compressed in the condenser increases and reaches the superheated vapor phase. Heat is transferred from the surface of the condenser, whose temperature is increasing, to the environment with the help of a fan. The exergy efficiency of the condenser was determined based on the inlet and outlet temperature of the refrigerant to the condenser, the temperature of the air flow to and from the condenser surface, its masses and thermodynamic properties. It was observed that the exergy efficiency (ψ) increased and the irreversibility (İ) decreased with the increase of the air temperature difference (ΔT) passing over the condenser surface. In addition, it was determined that the exergy efficiency (ψ) and surface temperature of the condenser decreased with the increase in the amount of air passing through (ma) the condenser surface.

Structures and Efflux Mechanisms of the AcrAB-TolC Pump.

The global emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in gram-negative bacteria has become a matter of worldwide concern. MDR in these pathogens is closely linked to the overexpression of certain efflux pumps, particularly the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pumps. Inhibition of these pumps presents an attractive and promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance, as the efflux pump inhibitors can effectively restore the potency of existing antibiotics. AcrAB-TolC is one well-studied RND efflux pump, which transports a variety of substrates, therefore providing resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. To develop effective pump inhibitors, a comprehensive understanding of the structural aspect of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump is imperative. Previous studies on this pump's structure have been limited to individual components or in vitro determination of fully assembled pumps. Recent advancements in cellular cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) have provided novel insights into this pump's assembly and functional mechanism within its native cell membrane environment. Here, we present a summary of the structural data regarding the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, shedding light on its assembly pathway and operational mechanism.

Adaptive β-lactam resistance from an inducible efflux pump that is post-translationally regulated by the DjlA co-chaperone.

The acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) determinants jeopardizes treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics. The tripartite efflux pump AcrAB-NodT confers adaptive MDR in the polarized α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus via transcriptional induction by first-generation quinolone antibiotics. We discovered that overexpression of AcrAB-NodT by mutation or exogenous inducers confers resistance to cephalosporin and penicillin (β-lactam) antibiotics. Combining 2-step mutagenesis-sequencing (Mut-Seq) and cephalosporin-resistant point mutants, we dissected how TipR uses a common operator of the divergent tipR and acrAB-nodT promoter for adaptive and/or potentiated AcrAB-NodT-directed efflux. Chemical screening identified diverse compounds that interfere with DNA binding by TipR or induce its dependent proteolytic turnover. We found that long-term induction of AcrAB-NodT deforms the envelope and that homeostatic control by TipR includes co-induction of the DnaJ-like co-chaperone DjlA, boosting pump assembly and/or capacity in anticipation of envelope stress. Thus, the adaptive MDR regulatory circuitry reconciles drug efflux with co-chaperone function for trans-envelope assemblies and maintenance.

Optimal layout planning for human robot collaborative assembly systems and visualization through immersive technologies

The deployment of Industry 4.0 emerging technologies such as Augmented reality (AR), Virtual reality (VR), and collaborative Robots enhances flexibility and precision in the manufacturing systems. A flexible, and collaborative manufacturing system with robots and human integrates the prominent attributes of customized automation and fortify the safety of the human workforce. The proposed work involves the approach of AR-assisted assembly layout configurations for the Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) production system, which is a typical example of the smart manufacturing system. The reconfiguration/configuration of the assembly layout is triggered with respect to the demand of new variants into the market and the upgradation of new technologies in the existing system. A multi-objective algorithm is proposed to maximize the production outlet with effective utilization of floor space, minimum idle time and optimum resource allocation. The selected work is branched into three phases: To begin with, the approach of task allocation is constructed to identify the suitable resources (human, robot) for the appropriate assembly tasks in the HRC system. The outcomes such as resource allocation, number of resources, and footprint of resources are considered as input to the optimization model. Further, modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is deployed to generate a feasible assembly layout for the HRC manufacturing system. Additionally, the breath-first approach has been utilized to generate the optimal aisle as a conveyor in the layout. Notably, the comparisons studies have been carried out in this work, which facilitates to explore the robustness of proposed modified PSO algorithms for the selected applications. Subsequently, the virtual and AR tool is deployed for the layout planer to explore and validate the obtained layout from the PSO model in both the virtual and physical environment of the industrial workspace. Finally, an industrial case study of rotary gear pump assembly system is adopted for the implementation of the proposed framework.

Pemanfaatan Teknologi Pompa Portabel Tenaga Surya untuk Sistem Irigasi Kebun

The Community Service Program (PKM) aims to solve the problems faced by farmer group partners, such as: (1) unequal financial capabilities in each member of the farmer group, (2) less good agricultural yields if smoke appears during the long dry season, and (3) high operational costs because they depend on fuel consumption for the plant watering process. The implementation of core activities in this PKM program consists of two stages, namely; (1) solar cell pump assembly training to provide solutions for partners who are not familiar with solar-powered portable water pump technology and still depend on using fuel pumps as a means of watering plants, and (2) solar cell pump operation and maintenance training to provide solutions for partners who cannot operate and maintain solar-powered portable water pumps.

Research on Tolerance Optimization of High Precision Equipment Assembly Based on Error Transfer Prediction Model

In this paper, the assembly error transfer prediction model was established based on the error transfer attribute and the error transfer path of the assembly process. The assembly accuracy prediction was realized by combining error variation inequality, constraint inequality and mathematical statistics method. Aiming at the lowest processing cost of high-precision equipment assembly, the assembly accuracy required the reliability of index, the value interval of tolerance item and the principle of tolerance selection as constraints, the tolerance optimization model was established. The tolerance optimization of high-precision equipment assembly was carried out by combining the penalty function method and the improved genetic algorithm. Finally, taking gear oil pump assembly as an example, according to the reliability calculation formula of assembly accuracy, the reliability is 97.35%. Compared with the processing cost before and after optimization, the processing cost decreased by 12.13% after optimization, and the assembly accuracy reliability increased by 1.65%. The correctness and effectiveness of assembly accuracy prediction and tolerance optimization are verified.

Bac-EPIC: A web interface for developing novel efflux pump inhibitor compounds targeting Escherichia coli

Multidrug resistance (MDR) poses a severe threat to human health. The existence of efflux pumps primarily contributes to resistance in Gram-negative bacterial infections. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) can potentially improve the efficacy of antibiotics and reduce bacterial pathogenicity by inhibiting the mechanism of these pumps. Here we report Bac-EPIC, a web interface consisting of AcrA_Ipred, and AcrB_Ipred tools, can aid in the identification of potential EPIs that might bind to AcrAB-TolC pump subunits, alter its structure in vivo, prevent efflux, and enhance antibiotic efficacy in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other Gram-negative bacteria. The web server is developed by collecting and archiving structural moieties from literature-reported EPIs. The web interface can be utilized in decision-making upon structural similarity-based screening on whether a compound should be examined experimentally or disregarded. It takes the SMILESformat of chemical structure as an input. Users can also draw the 2D structure and get the output report of the possible structural similarity profile, similarity percentage, and the active moieties in the compound. The designed web interface is publicly accessible for in silico efflux pump inhibition prediction, at http://14.139.62.46/AcrAB_Ipred/. Overall, the webserver increases the diversity of EPIs, and proposes mechanistic insights to understand and regulate the efflux pump assembly & its function, ultimately aiding in fight against antibiotic resistance.

Augmented reality aided object mapping for worker assistance/training in an industrial assembly context: Exploration of affordance with existing guidance techniques

In recent years, the affordances of immersive technologies in the industrial context have enabled the onsite worker to have increased potential towards handling the complex procedural and cognitive tasks involved in the strategy of manufacturing an appropriate product. This article describes the potential of Augmented Reality (AR) in terms of upgraded workplace understanding, training, and assisting semi-skilled/new workers in an industrial production environment. The different modes of instruction visualization techniques are investigated for the execution of assembly tasks and explored their impact in accordance to the efficiency of task execution, completion time, error rate perception, cognitive load, and independence. Progress outcomes of 24 participants are explored for real-time execution of a Reverse osmosis (RO) booster pump assembly in terms of different modes of visualization, such as the conventional document method, virtual /desktop mode, and object mapping-based AR. Additionally, the user studies on different visualization devices involving hand-held visualization devices (HHVD) and Head-mounted visualization devices (HMVD) are investigated and validated in terms of adaptability, acceptability, and usability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the AR-aided object mapping technology versus other methods is explored through the feedback received from both experts and academia participants, which increases the insight of the technology and provides an intelligent mechanism for semi-skilled/new workers to handle complex or challenging operations in the production environment. The studies indicate that object mapping-based AR visualization facilitates increased assembly task efficiency and the minimum number of errors compared to the other guidance modes. Notably, the HMVD affords an increased realism experience, minimized errors, and less completion time compared to the HHVD.

Thermodynamic performance assessment of a community-scale brackish water reverse osmosis plant using exergy analysis

Abstract This study investigated the thermodynamic performance of a community-scale membrane-based brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant at various operating pressures from 13.79 to 27.58 bar and feed salinity levels from 2,000 to 20,000 mg/L. We aimed to identify the components responsible for the exergy losses and to suggest improvements. The results showed that the exergetic efficiency of some individual components had a significant impact on the performance of the desalination plant, where the high-pressure (HP) pump assembly and pressure control valve were identified as the major contributors to exergy losses (57.83–70.59 and 15.75–27.62%, respectively). The inefficiency of the feed pump assembly contributed to 11–12% of the total destruction of exergy under different operating conditions. The analysis further revealed that the exergetic efficiency of the plant was maximum (0.51%) at the feed salinity of 10,000 mg/L and operating pressure of 27.58 bar. It was minimum (0.01%) for the highest salinity (20,000 mg/L) and the lowest operating pressure (13.79 bar), due to the low requirement of work of separation and higher fixed losses. The exergetic efficiency was also correlated to the energetic performance of the BWRO plant at different operating conditions.

Low-cost, low-power, clockwork syringe pump

A low-cost ($120 NZD, $75 USD), low-power (1-year battery life), portable, and programmable syringe pump design is presented, which offers an alternative to high-cost commercial devices with limited battery life. Contrary to typical motor-driven syringe pumps, the design utilizes a compression spring coupled with a clockwork escapement mechanism to advance the syringe plunger. Full control over flow-rate and discrete (bolus) deliveries is achieved through actuation of a clockwork escapement using programmable, low-power electronics. The escapement mechanism allows the syringe plunger to advance a fixed linear distance, delivering a dose size of 0.001ml in the configuration presented. The modular pump assembly is easily reconfigured for different applications by interchanging components to alter the minimum dose size. Testing to IEC 60601-2-24(2012), the average error of the clockwork syringe pump was 8.0%, 4.0%, and 1.9% for 0.001ml, 0.002ml, and 0.01ml volumes, respectively. An overall mean error of 1.0% was recorded for a flow-rate of 0.01mlh−1. Compared to a commercial insulin pump, the clockwork pump demonstrated reduced variability but greater average error due to consistent over-delivery. Further development of the design and/or manufacture should yield a device with similar performance to a commercial pump.

Effect of central venous pressure on fluid delivery during start-up of syringe infusion pumps for microinfusion.

Intravenous administration of highly concentrated and potent drugs at low flow rates is common practice, particularly in critically ill children. Drug delivery during infusion start-up can be considerably delayed by intrinsic factors of syringe infusion pump assemblies. The impact of central venous pressures on the course of start-up fluid delivery of such microinfusions remains unknown. Infusion volumes delivered after activation of the start button in a conventional 50 mL syringe infusion pump assembly equilibrated (representing classical in vitro testing) and not equilibrated (representing real clinical conditions) to central venous pressure levels of 0, 10 and 20 mmHg at a set infusion flow rate of 1 mL/h were measured using a fluidic flow sensor. The experimental setup mimicking real life conditions demonstrated considerable differences in fluid delivery during pump start-up depending on central venous pressure. A central venous pressure of 0 mmHg resulted in massive fluid delivery at infusion start-up, while central venous pressure levels of 10 and 20 mmHg resulted in retrograde flows with related mean (95% CI) zero-drug delivery times of 3.22 (2.98-3.46) min and 4.51 (4.33-4.69) min, respectively (p < .0001). Depending on central venous pressure level, connection and starting a new syringe pump can result in significant antegrade or retrograde fluid volumes. In clinical practice, this can lead to hemodynamic instability and hence requires clinical alertness. Further research and methods to improve start-up performance in syringe infusion pump systems are desirable.

K9 자주포 엔진용 오일펌프 조립체의 개선에 관한 연구*

This paper is on the improvement of the oil pump assembly for preventing low oil pressure symptoms of the K9 Self-Propelled howitzer engine. Although the TBO(Time Between Overhauls) of K9 self-propelled howitzer engine is 1,500 engine operating hours, 13.37 % of K9 Self-Propelled howitzer engines which were operated for only hundreds of hours suffered low oil pressure symptoms and failed to operate normally. Detailed investigation into the engine was conducted to establish the cause and generation mechanism of the symptoms and it was found that oil leakage due to abrasive wear of pressure relief valve piston housing occurred in the oil pump assembly. To prevent abrasive wear of piston housing, new design concept and design parameters of pressure relief valve have been proposed. Performance, durability and system installation test on the prototype based on the proposed design were followed and results validated the proposed design. Oil pump assembly based on this study is applied to mass production.

10 clinical tips for advancing patient safety when using syringe pump systems for microinfusion intravenous drug therapy.

10 clinical tips for advancing patient safety when using syringe pump systems for microinfusion intravenous drug therapy.

Flow State at Impeller Inlet: Optimization of Conical Frustum Section of Elbow Inlet Conduit in Large Low-Lift Pump Station

Abstract In large low-lift pump stations, the pump assembly comprises an inlet conduit, a pump, and an outlet conduit. A short conical frustum section that connects the elbow section with the impeller inlet directly affects the impeller inflow state, thereby influencing the overall performance. Therefore, investigating the conical frustum section contributes to studying the effect of inflow states on the performances of pump assemblies and similar pumping systems. To improve the pump assembly efficiency, three parameters of the conical frustum section, i.e., the contraction angle, height, and centerline inclination angle, are investigated and optimized via univariate and multivariate analyses. The flow field and external characteristics of the pump assembly are investigated via computational fluid dynamics simulation with a constant head. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the performance improvement mechanisms are presented. The results indicate that the axial velocity distribution at the impeller inlet conforming to the cascade high-efficiency characteristics will achieve a better pump performance compared with a uniform distribution. The pump efficiency distribution can be predicted and visualized based on the cascade efficiency characteristics and the flow state at the impeller inlet using a machine learning method. In addition, the directions and distribution of the lateral and axial components of the inflow velocities have great impacts on the circulation distribution. A sensible circulation distribution at the guide vane outlet can suppress the entropy production and reduce hydraulic loss of the outlet conduit. In this case, a significant increase in the pump assembly efficiency is obtained.