Pulse Oximeter Research Articles

Noninvasive characterization of peripheral sympathetic activation across sensory stimuli using a peripheral arterial stiffness index.

Introduction: The peripheral arterial stiffness index has been proposed and validated as a noninvasive measure quantifying stimulus intensity based on amplitude changes induced by sympathetic innervation of vascular tone. However, its temporal response characteristics remain unclear, thus hindering continuous and accurate monitoring of the dynamic process of sympathetic activation. This paper presents a study aimed at modeling the transient response of the index across sensory stimuli to characterize the corresponding peripheral sympathetic activation. Methods: The index was measured using a continuous arterial pressure monitor and a pulse oximeter during experiments with local pain and local cooling stimuli designed to elicit different patterns of sympathetic activation. The corresponding response of the index was modeled to clarify its transient response characteristics across stimuli. Results: The constructed transfer function accurately depicted the transient response of the index to local pain and local cooling stimuli (Fit percentage: 78.4% ± 11.00% and 79.92% ± 8.79%). Differences in dead time (1.17 ± 0.67 and 0.99 ± 0.56 s, p = 0.082), peak time (2.89 ± 0.81 and 2.64 ± 0.68 s, p = 0.006), and rise time (1.81 ± 0.50 and 1.65 ± 0.48 s, p = 0.020) revealed different response patterns of the index across stimuli. The index also accurately characterized similar vasomotor velocities at different normalized peak amplitudes (0.19 ± 0.16 and 0.16 ± 0.19 a.u., p = 0.007). Discussion: Our findings flesh out the characterization of peripheral arterial stiffness index responses to different sensory stimuli and demonstrate its validity in characterizing peripheral sympathetic activation. This study valorizes a noninvasive method to characterize peripheral sympathetic activation, with the potential to use this index to continuously and accurately track sympathetic activators.

Implementing a provisional overarching intervention for COVID-19 monitoring and control in the Brazil-Colombia-Peru frontier.

he challenge was to provide comprehensive health resources to a remote and underserved population living in the Brazil-Colombia-Peru border, amid the most disruptive global crisis of the century. In August 2021, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Amazonia (FIOCRUZ Amazônia) and partner collaborators implemented an overarching provisional program for SARS-CoV-2 detection and lineages characterization, training of laboratory personnel and healthcare providers, donation of diagnostic supplies and personal protective equipment, and COVID-19 vaccination. The expedition was conducted at the Port of Tabatinga, a busy terminal with an intense flux of people arriving and departing in boats of all sizes, located in the Amazon River basin. Local government, non-profit organizations, private companies, and other stakeholders supported the intervention. The expedition was accomplished in a convergence point, where migrant workers, traders, army personnel, people living in urban areas, and people from small villages living in riversides and indigenous territories are in close and frequent contact, with widespread cross-border movement. Using a boat as a provisional lab and storage facility, the intervention provided clinical and laboratory monitoring for 891 participants; vaccination for 536 individuals; personal protective equipment for 200 healthcare providers; diagnostic supplies for 1,000 COVID-19 rapid tests; training for 42 community health agents on personal protection, rapid test execution, and pulse oximeter management; and hands-on training for four lab technicians on molecular diagnosis. Our experience demonstrates that multilateral initiatives can counterweigh the scarcity of health resources in underserved regions. Moreover, provisional programs can have a long-lasting effect if investments are also provided for local capacity building.

Acceptance and User Experiences of a Wearable Device for the Management of Hospitalized Patients in COVID-19-Designated Wards in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Action Learning Project.

Wearable devices have been used extensively both inside and outside of the hospital setting. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in some contexts, there was an increased need to remotely monitor pulse and saturated oxygen for patients due to the lack of staff and bedside monitors. A prototype of a remote monitoring system using wearable pulse oximeter devices was implemented at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from August to December 2021. The aim of this work was to support the ongoing implementation of the remote monitoring system. We used an action learning approach with rapid pragmatic methods, including informal discussions and observations as well as a feedback survey form designed based on the technology acceptance model to assess the use and acceptability of the system. Based on these results, we facilitated a meeting using user-centered design principles to explore user needs and ideas about its development in more detail. In total, 21 users filled in the feedback form. The mean technology acceptance model scores ranged from 3.5 (for perceived ease of use) to 4.4 (for attitude) with behavioral intention (3.8) and perceived usefulness (4.2) scoring in between. Those working as nurses scored higher on perceived usefulness, attitude, and behavioral intention than did physicians. Based on informal discussions, we realized there was a mismatch between how we (ie, the research team) and the ward teams perceived the use and wider purpose of the technology. Designing and implementing the devices to be more nurse-centric from their introduction could have helped to increase their efficiency and use during the complex pandemic period.

A Patient Management System Using an Edge Computing-Based IoT Pulse Oximeter

Edge computing can provide core functions such as data collection and analysis without connecting to a centralized server. The convergence of edge computing and IoT devices has enabled medical institutions to collect patient data in real time, improving the efficiency of short- and long-term patient management. Medical equipment measures a large amount of biosignal data for analyzing diseases and patient health conditions. However, analyzing and monitoring biosignal data using a centralized server or cloud limit the medical institutions’ ability to analyze patients’ conditions in real time, preventing prompt treatment. Therefore, edge computing can enhance the efficiency of patient biosignal data collection and analysis for patient management systems. Analyzing biosignals using edge computing can eliminate the wait time present in cloud computing. Hence, this study aims to develop an IoT pulse oximeter using edge computing for medical institutions and proposes an architecture for providing a real-time monitoring service. The proposed system utilizes five types of raw (IR AC, IR DC, red AC, red DC, AMB), pulse, and SpO2 data measured using IoT pulse oximeters. Edge nodes are installed in every hospital ward to collect, analyze, and monitor patient biosignal data through a wireless network. The collected biosignal data are transmitted to the cloud for managing and monitoring the data of all patients. This system enables medical institutions to collect and analyze raw biosignal data in real time, by which an integrated management system can be established by connecting various types of IoT-based medical equipment.

An innovative method to prevent infection when measuring the arterial blood gas SpO2 saturation.

Patients are hospitalized for extended periods, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). As a result, the saturation probe (pulse oximeter) remains attached for an extended period and microorganisms can grow in the wet environment. If the pulse oximeters are not reprocessed, cross-infection may occur. The literature contains several studies in which gloves were used for the measurement while various SpO2 (peripheral arterial oxygen saturation) measurements were compared with each other. However, such comparisons have yet to be made with the results of arterial blood gas SpO2 measurements by pulse oximeter, considered as the gold standard. The present study aimed to compare arterial blood gas values with the fingertip saturation measurement performed by having adult patients wear gloves of different colors, one after the other, on their fingers and determining the effect of the differently colored gloves (transparent, white, black, light blue) on saturation values. The study was conducted on 54 patients in an ICU. Intra-arterial blood gas SpO2 results were measured. Oxygen saturation was measured while the patient 1. did not wear gloves and 2. sequentially wore a series of gloves of different colors. Paired t-test, correlation analysis, and Bland Altman charts were used to evaluate the results. The mean SpO2% value of the participants' intra-arterial blood gas measurements was 97.76±2.04. The mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a transparent glove was 0.43 points lower than the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements (t=0.986, p=0.61). The mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a white glove was 0.93 points lower than the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements (t=1.157, p=0.093). Of the measurements performed with a glove, the mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a transparent glove was more consistent with the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements than measurement of the fingers without a glove.

Assessment of health technology acceptability for remote monitoring of patients with COVID-19: A measurement model for user perceptions of pulse oximeters.

This study aims to develop a measurement model for health technology acceptability using a theoretical framework and a range of validated instruments to measure user experience, acceptance, usability, health and digital health literacy. A cross-sectional evaluation study using a mixed-methods approach was conducted. An online survey was administered to patients who used a pulse oximeter in a virtual hospital setting during COVID-19. The model development was conducted in three steps: (1) exploratory factor analysis for conceptual model development, (2) measurement model confirmation through confirmatory factor analysis followed by structural equation modelling and (3) test of model external validity on four outcome measures. Finally, the different constructs of the developed model were used to compare two types of pulse oximeters by measuring the standardised scores. Two hundred and two participants were included in the analysis, 37.6% were female and the average age was 53 years (SD:15.38). A four-construct model comprising Task Load, Affective Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Value of Use (0.636-0.857 factor loadings) with 12 items resulted from the exploratory factor analysis and yielded a good fit (RMSEA = .026). Health and digital health literacy did not affect the overall reliability of the model. Frustration, performance, trust and satisfaction were identified as outcomes of the model. No significant differences were observed in the acceptability constructs when comparing the two pulse oximeter devices. This article proposes a model for the measurement of the acceptability of health technologies used by patients in a remote care setting based on the use of a pulse oximeter in COVID-19 remote monitoring.

Eumelanin and Pheomelanin Modelling in Optical Oximetry Using Pulse Oximetry (for 540 nm and 660nm): DC Component.

Oximetry is used to quantify the presence of oxygen in soft tissues. It can be expressed as, for example, tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and pulsatile oxygen saturation (SpO2), among others. Non-invasive medical devices are used to estimate (SaO2). Their accuracy is compromised in individuals with highly pigmented skin. The aim of this initial work is to go back few steps into the understanding of the light absorption for the DC component in pulse oximeters, by using a mixtures model for different hypothetical scenarios of normoxia and hyperoxia. Under hypoxic states, an initial and simple multi-wavelength approach could be established to identify the impact of eumelanin (EuM) and pheomelanin (PhM), which are directly related to skin pigmentation in dark skin colour individuals. We used public spectra for water (H2O), haemoglobin (HHb), oxy-haemoglobin (HbO2), eumelanin and pheomelanin, to create 1000 possible absorption combinations. These spectra simulations were used to understand the hypothetical limits, across a 450-800 nm wavelength range. These results have outlined the maximum oxy-haemoglobin concentrations that can be detected without interfering with eumelanin and pheomelanin. This initial and simple approach helped us to understand how eumelanin and pheomelanin absorption interferes and overlaps with low oxy-haemoglobin, which is a key biomarker for oxygen quantification in pulse oximeters and other non-invasive biomedical devices.

Immediate effect of Anulom-Vilom Pranayama on cardiovascular parameters in medical students

Background: The demanding nature of medical education significantly increases stress levels among students, negatively impacting their overall well-being. Pranayama, a yogic breathing technique, shows promise in mitigating these adverse effects. This study investigates the immediate impact of Anulom Vilom pranayama on cardiovascular parameters in medical students. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the immediate impact of Anulom Vilom pranayama on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in undergraduate medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 122 medical students aged 18–21 years, following approval from the institutional scientific and ethical committee. Cardiovascular parameters were measured before and after administering a 10-min Anulom Vilom pranayama session using a pulse oximeter and digital blood pressure instruments. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: The results showed significant reductions in HR (P < 0.00001), SBP (P < 0.00001), and rate pressure product (P < 0.00001) after practicing Pranayama. However, DBP changes were insignificant (P = 0.7822). Conclusion: Anulom Vilom pranayama has an immediate beneficial effect on cardiovascular health in medical students. Incorporating such practices into medical education curricula may improve students’ well-being and academic performance.

Evaluation of Effectiveness of Three Different Behavioral Modification Techniques among 4–8-year-old Children

Abstract Background: Dental anxiety being attributed by many as a major cause to avoid seeking dental care by children, so several communicative, advanced, and pharmacological interventions have been developed to manage children’s anxious and cooperative behaviors. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of tell–show–do (TSD), tell–play–do (TPD), and ask–tell–ask (ATA) behavioral modification techniques among 4–8 years old coming for a restorative treatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty children aged 4–8 years were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to three groups, 10 children in each group. Group A: Those to receive restorative treatment by the behavior modification technique (BMT) of TSD; Group B: Those to receive restorative treatment by BMT of TPD; and Group C: Those to receive restorative treatment by BMT of ATA. Evaluation: Each child’s heart rate was monitored before, during, and after the entire treatment with a pulse oximeter. The oximeter was clipped to the thumb of the child’s left hand. Furthermore, Frankel Behavioral Rating Scale was to be monitored before, during, and after the procedure. Results: TPD technique is more efficient than TSD and ATA to control 4–8-year-old children’s anxiety and achieve cooperative behavior during dental treatment. Conclusion: TPD is a technique worth practicing in pediatric dentistry. The dentist should consider the cognitive development of the patient to communicate effectively for developing sound rapport and trust. Each dental visit should be designed to receive proper behavioral guidance techniques such as TPD, TSD, and modeling; these can help the child to develop a positive attitude toward oral health.

Association between Body Mass Index and Heart Rate in School-going Children

Introduction: The link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Heart Rate (HR) in school-age children is an important area of study due to its potential impact on health fitness. BMI, a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and heart rate, an indicator of cardiovascular health, are being investigated together to gain a better understanding of children’s overall well-being and potential risks for heart-related issues. Aim: To determine if there is association between body mass index and Heart Rate (HR) in School-going children. Materials and Methods: This was a correlation study, 284 schoolgoing children aged between 6 to 12 years were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and categorised into underweight (uwBMI),normal weight (nBMI), and overweight (owBMI). Their age, height, and weight, gender also was recorded. They underwent a Modified Shuttle Test Paeds (MSTP) procedure three trials each for 3 minute, Pre and Post intervention HR was recorded through a pulse oximeter. Results: The findings of this study suggest poor association for HR Pre_uwBMI was (r=0.38); HR Post_uwBMI was (r=0.71), HR pre_nBMI was (r=0.55), HR post_nBMI was (r=0.44), HR pre_owBMI was (r=0.17); HR post_owBMI was (r=0.28) respectively (p-value_<0.005). Conclusion: This study concludes that, there was no association among different BMI on heart rate of students aged between 06- 12 years

Frequency of Elevated Resting Heart Rate Among Young Healthy Adults with Normal BMI.

It was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted at Ziauddin University, Karachi, from 10th March to 31st August 2021, to investigate the frequency of elevated resting heart rate in healthy young adults with normal BMI. A total of 420 participants were recruited for the study with age ranging from 18-30 years. Subsequently, candidates with normal BMI ranging between 18-24 kg/m2 were selected for the evaluation of elevated resting heart rate (RHR). The participants underwent an assessment of their heart rate at rest with a pulse oximeter whereas, stadiometer was used for height and weight measurements. The frequency of the elevated RHR (HR= 90-100 bpm) was found to be 49.6% with a mean RHR of 90.85 ± 12.45 bpm. The correlation between RHR and body weight was found to be weak (r = 0.141, p = 0.027) showing little or no association. Whereas, RHR and height depicted a moderate negative correlation (r = 0.160, p = 0.012). This study demonstrated high frequency of RHR in a young population. Efforts are needed to control the increased RHR. Key Words: Resting heart rate (RHR), Young adults, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), BMI, Tachycardia.

Methemoglobinemia: Case of Falsely low SpO2

Abstract Pulse oximetry is often regarded as the fifth vital sign. Based on the absorption of near-infrared light, any changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin influence the reading on the pulse oximeter. We present one such case of a 30-year-old lady with leprosy on multiple drug therapy that showed low SpO2 readings not associated with respiratory distress and did not improve with oxygenation. She was found to have dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia, which was reversed after 48 h of stopping the drug intake.

IOT-BASED SMART SALINE LEVEL AND HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

The many uses of saline solution include as providing temporary fluids when there is under or no hydration among the trauma cases. In addition, they participate in the control of salt and the levels of electrolytes in the body. To maintain the level of a saline bottle, hospital nurses or aides prime responsibility is to check it on a regular basis. The failure to replace them in time may result in a reversal of blood flow, compromising the patient’s life. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based Smart Saline Level was developed to solve this issue and to provide an automated and efficient solution for remote monitoring. The Proposed system employs Internet of Things (IoT) technology, integrating NodeMCU, a load cell amplifier (HX711), Arduino UNO, Pulse oximeter (MAX 30100) sensor, DHT11 Sensor and a voltage regulator(L7805). The load cell, in combination with the HX711 amplifier, accurately measures the weight of the saline bottle. MAX30100 sensor measures Heart Rate & Oxygen saturation (SPo2) levels in blood. DHT11 Sensor detects the Humidity and Temperature levels. All the data is transmitted to the Arduino UNO, which serves as a master, the NodeMCU facilitates wireless communication, relaying the collected data from the Arduino UNO to the designated IoT cloud platform for remote monitoring.

Acute Compartment Syndrome in a Neonate: May Be the First Manifestation of Hemophilia A

Abstract Background: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) most commonly results from traumatic or ischemic injuries, though rarely it may result from an underlying bleeding disorder. Reports of ACS in hemophilia are present; however, neonatal presentation secondary to hemophilia A is extremely rare. Clinical Description: A 5-day-old neonate presented with increasing swelling and hematoma over the dorsum of both hands following venipuncture. There was no other bleeding manifestations. Antenatal history and natal history were uneventful, and the baby had received a birth dose of Vitamin K. On examination, the hematoma was larger on the right hand than the left, extending from the proximal interphalangeal joints of all the digits to the wrist proximally, with tension on palpation and increased capillary refilling time, associated with bluish discoloration of hands and fingers with claw hand appearance. Oxygen saturation on pulse oximeter was 80%–85%. Management and Outcome: The baby had a hemoglobin of 16.3 g/dL, white blood cell count of 5300/mm3, platelet count of 2.33 lakhs/mm3, and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time >120 s with a normal prothrombin time of 12 s. Factor assay confirmed severe factor VIII deficiency (<1%). Ultrasonography Doppler of the hand confirmed compartment syndrome. Cryoprecipitate was given perioperatively, and fasciotomy was done. Perfusion of the hand improved, and oxygen saturation normalized. Healing was accomplished without any closure, with good cosmesis and complete functional recovery by 14 days. Conclusion: ACS may be an unusual primary presentation of hemophilia as early as in the neonatal period. Timely identification of ACS and early suspicion of an underlying bleeding disorder can help in undertaking appropriate evaluation and management strategies and preventing catastrophic consequences.

Wireless Patient Monitoring System Based on Smart Wristbands and Central user Interface Software.

In this article, a patient monitoring system is proposed that is able to obtain heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels of patients, identify abnormal conditions, and inform emergency status to the nurses. The proposed monitoring system consists of smart patient wristbands, smart nurse wristbands, central monitoring user interface (UI) software, and a wireless communication network. In the proposed monitoring system, a unique smart wristband is dedicated to each of the patients and nurses. To measure heart rate and SpO2 level, a pulse oximeter sensor is used in the patient wristbands. The output of this sensor is transferred to the wristband's microcontroller where heart rate and SpO2 are calculated through advanced signal processing algorithms. Then, the calculated values are transmitted to central UI software through a wireless network. In the UI software, received values are compared with their normal values and a predefined message is sent to the nurses' wristband if an abnormal condition is identified. Whenever this message is received by a nurse's wristband, an acoustic alarm with vibration is generated to inform an emergency status to the nurse. By doing so, health services are delivered to the patients more quickly and as a result, the probability of the patient recovery is increased effectively.

CHIVID: A Rapid Deployment of Community and Home Isolation During COVID-19 Pandemics.

CHIVID is a telemedicine solution developed under tight time constraints that assists Thai healthcare practitioners in monitoring non-severe COVID-19 patients in isolation programs during crises. It assesses patient health and notifies healthcare practitioners of high-risk scenarios through a chatbot. The system was designed to integrate with the famous Thai messaging app LINE, reducing development time and enhancing user-friendliness, and the system allowed patients to upload a pulse oximeter image automatically processed by the PACMAN function to extract oxygen saturation and heart rate values to reduce patient input errors. This article describes the proposed system and presents a mixed-methods study that evaluated the system's performance by collecting survey responses from 70 healthcare practitioners and analyzing 14,817 patient records. Approximately 71.4% of healthcare practitioners use the system more than twice daily, with the majority managing 1-10 patients, while 11.4% handle over 101 patients. The progress note is a function that healthcare practitioners most frequently use and are satisfied with. Regarding patient data, 58.9%(8,724/14,817) are male, and 49.7%(7,367/14,817) within the 18 to 34 age range. The average length of isolation was 7.6 days, and patients submitted progress notes twice daily on average. Notably, individuals aged 18 to 34 demonstrated the highest utilization rates for the PACMAN function. Furthermore, most patients, totaling over 95.52%(14,153/14,817), were discharged normally. The findings indicate that CHIVID could be one of the telemedicine solutions for hospitals with patient overflow and healthcare practitioners unfamiliar with telemedicine technology to improve patient care during a critical crisis. Clinical and Translational Impact Statement- CHIVID's success arises from seamlessly integrating telemedicine into third-party application within a limited timeframe and effectively using clinical decision support systems to address challenges during the COVID-19 crisis.

Averaging Times for Pulse Oximeter Measurements - A Review of Manuscripts Published in the Top Five Sleep Medicine Journals.

Clinical management decisions often rely on a patient's SpO2 level and desaturation rate. Limitations include that measurements depend on the averaging time (AVT) used, which is particularly relevant to sleep medicine, but has yet received little attention. Cross-sectional review of studies reporting pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) measurements published in 5 leading sleep medicine journals. All papers published between 2017 and 2023 reporting SpO2 measurements were screened regarding the AVT used. Of 193 papers identified, 151 were included; of these, only 9 studies mentioned the AVT, 4 of these were published in one journal. The AVT ranged from zero (beat-to-beat-mode) to 10s, with 3s being used most often (33.3%), followed by 2s (22.2%). The AVT is only rarely mentioned in sleep medicine papers, despite its influence on sleep study results. Reported AVTs were heterogenous. Further research is warranted to set up guidelines for using or reporting the AVT.

Heart rate sensor with IoT features

This paper describes the working of a heartbeat sensor project aimed at creating an internet-enabled heart rate monitoring device, combining the ESP32 microcontroller, MAX30102 pulse oximeter sensor, and OLED display. The device transmits real-time data to a webpage, allowing users to monitor their heart rate conveniently. Challenges included securing a stable internet connection and optimizing power consumption. Potential applications range from remote patient monitoring to fitness tracking, promoting healthier lifestyles. The project demonstrated the convergence of IoT and health monitoring technologies. Plans involve refining the device’s capabilities and enhancing user experience.

Wavelet transform generated inherent noise reference for adaptive filtering to de-noise pulse oximeter signals

As exemplified during the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-operative intensive care units, monitoring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels is crucial in terms of assessing a patient?s health condition. Due to random movements of the subject, a pulse-oximeter-driven photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal becomes noisy while recording, with motion artefacts (MAs), which will disturb the morphological features, leading to incorrect SpO2 levels. The MA noise may contain either low- or high-frequency components, resulting in a scenario with inband and out-of-band noise. The reduction of in-band noise with an adaptive filter requires a reference signal, and an additional sensor such as an accelerometer is normally used in addition to the PPG sensor to capture the MAs. The present work focuses on the generation of a reference for inherent noise using a wavelet transform (WT), thereby eliminating the need for an external sensor. The computed values of the correlation coefficient and magnitude squared coherence are used to establish the validity of the generated inherent noise reference. Our WT-driven adaptive filtering method reduces MAs, simplifies the correct approximation of the SpO2 and heart rate, and also restores the respiratory components. The de-noised PPG signals presented here and a corresponding numerical study prove the usefulness of the proposed method, which has a worstcase accuracy of 0.5% in regard to SpO2 estimations.

Assessment of Pulse Oximetry Accuracy in Detecting Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients: A Cohort Study

The accuracy of pulse oximeters in diagnosing hypoxemia, especially in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia cases, still needs to be determined despite their critical role in monitoring COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess the dependability of pulse oximeters in accurately detecting hypoxemia in individuals with COVID-19 pneumonia. A study was undertaken on 40 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, in which pulse oximeter results were compared to arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. The results of our study demonstrate a continuous overestimation of 1.77% in pulse oximetry values compared to arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements. When the threshold for SpO2 was set at less than 90%, the sensitivity and specificity were found to be 50% and 76.09%, respectively. These values slightly improved when the threshold was set at less than 92% for SpO2. The findings underscore notable constraints in utilizing pulse oximetry to identify low oxygen levels in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. This emphasizes the importance of interpreting oximeter values cautiously and advocating for more precise techniques, such as arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement, in severe situations.