Pulp Weight Research Articles

Extracting Glucose from Tapioca Flour Enzymatically Using Saccaromycess Cereviceae (YEAST)

Indonesia is located at the equator line with its tropical climate which allows many species of plants to grow lushly. One of these species of plants is cassava which can be found from the west to the east of Indonesia. Cassava can produce amylum which can be turned into glucose through hydrolysis process. This research aims at figuring out the comparison of reaction times, i.e.: 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours, comparison of substrate concentration, i.e.: 20:120, 20:140, 20:160, 20:180, and 20:200 gr/ml and comparison of yeast content: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The hydrolysis is performed by mixing the cassava starch pulp at 20 grams and yeast at 11.6 grams. Later, it is fermented for variable times. After obtaining the optimal hydrolysis time, i.e. 12 hours, a hydrolysis is done at variable substrate concentrations for 12 hours and an optimum sugar level is obtained at 20:120 gr/ml ratio. It is then hydrolyzed for 12 hours at substrate concentration 20:120 gr/ml ratio, hence the optimum reduction sugar level is obtained when the yeast content is 10% of the tapioca flour pulp weight.

Repeatability estimation for mangaba selection using mixed models

The Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is a fruit tree rich in such essential vitamins as iron, calcium and protein, and plays an important social, cultural and economic role for farmers in the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes of Brazil. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and genetic gains in the agrotechnological attributes of a breeding population of the mangaba from Embrapa Meio Norte. The variables under analysis were: fruit weight (FW, g), fruit length (FL, mm), fruit diameter (FD, mm), skin weight (SW, g), number of seeds per fruit (NSF,nondimensional), seed weight (SW, g), total soluble solids (TSS,ºBrix), total titratable acidity (TTA,%), TSS/TTA ratio, pulp weight (PW, g) and percentage pulp (%Pulp, percentage). The data were analysed using the REML/BLUP procedure of the Selegen software. High and intermediate estimates of the components of repeatability were found for the variables of the population under study. It can therefore be inferred that these variables can be used in genetic studies, with a view to an increase in the efficiency of the selection process and to a progressive advance in the breeding population of this important native species. As such, taking repeatability as the limit to be assumed for heritability, the values obtained can be considered satisfactory in terms of genetic progress, showing good reliability for the phenotypic value as an indicator of genotypic value and significant repeatability of the expression of the evaluated trait. Genetic gains were seen for genotypes 6 and 12, considering the silmultaneous selection of eight highlighted genotypes based on the most important attributes of the improvement program, and which can contribute to the productive sector.

Influence of Pre-Harvest Bagging on Fruit Quality of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra

Fruits are susceptible to insect pest infestations, bird attack, various pathogens, and mechanical damages, all of which can reduce their commercial value and thereby cause significant yield and economic losses. The objective of this study was to control mango pests and diseases as well as to improve the fruit quality of mango through bagging technology. An investigation was performed during the year 2016 from March to July for safe mango production by applying minimum use of pesticide entitled studies on influence of bagging on physico-chemical properties and shelf life of mango cv. Langra. The mango fruits were bagged at marble stage (40 days from fruit set) with different types of bags which constituted the various treatments viz: T1: Brown paper bag; T2: White paper bag; T3: Polythene bag T4: Muslin cloth bag; T5: No bagging (control). Bagging with brown paper bag and white paper bag improved fruit retention, weight of fruit, diameter of fruit, pulp weight, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, percent of citric acid, reducing sugars and β-carotene at harvest and ripe stage over control. Brown paper bag changed fruit color. In all cases good quality, cleaner, disease and insect free fruits were harvested. The sensory qualities in fruits of brown, white and muslin cloth bags were improved over control. Pre-harvest bagging also reduced occurrence of spongy tissue and the incidence of mealy bugs. These results indicate that fruit bagging can improve fruit quality through reduction in disease and insect-pest attack and shelf life of mango cv. Langra.

Determination of Pomological Characteristics of Local Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Genotypes Grown in Artuklu and Kızıltepe Vicinities, Mardin Province

Bu araştırmada, Mardin ili
 Artuklu ve Kızıltepe ilçelerinde doğal olarak yetişen, yöre iklimine adapte
 olmuş, üstün kalite özellikli yerel nar genotiplerine ait pomolojik
 özelliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 18 genotip üzerinde
 çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; meyve ağırlığının, 207,3-689,5 g; meyve
 boyunun, 65-95,8 mm; meyve eninin, 72,8-108 mm; kaliks uzunluğunun, 12,1-17,9
 mm; kaliks yarıçapının, 9,15-22,5 mm; toplam dane ağırlığının, 84-400 g; 100
 dane ağırlığının, 25,3-49,4 g; dane randımanının, %40,5-78,4; meyve suyu
 hacminin ise 78-296 ml arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca SÇKM, %15-18;  titre edilebilir asit miktarı %0,06-0,69 ve
 pH’ nın %2,38-3,49 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanında
 genotiplerin kabuk alt zemin rengi, kabuk üst zemin rengi, çekirdek sertliği,
 meyve tadı, dane rengi, odacık sayıları, odacıkların görünümü, daneleme
 kolaylığı ve meyve posa ağırlıkları tespit edilmiştir. Tartılı derecelendirme
 yöntemine göre altı genotipin üstün özellik gösterdiği ve ümitvar olduğu
 kanaatine varılmıştır.

Phenotypic variability and agronomic traits of açaí tree matrices in the state of Pará, Brazil

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm tree from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. It is considered an economically viable source of anthocyanins for the dye and medicine industries. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability and to select genotypes for genetic improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate phenotypic variability. Truncated selection was performed for fruit production per bunch. The collected samples presented the highest fruit yield per cluster of all studied region. Number of fruits per cluster and stem circumference are possibly controlled by few genes. longitudinal fruit diameter may have recessive genes that are decreasing fruit size. Fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, number of stem per plant, total cluster length, fruit weight per cluster and pulp yield per fruit presented frequency distribution in favor of heterozygotes. There some characteristics controlled by few genes, with evidence of selection and spontaneous domestication of the matrices.

Efeito de diferentes métodos de maturação sobre a qualidade da banana prata

O fruto comercializável da bananeira éclimatérico e por isso possui um período de maturação curto, o que significa menor tempo de conservação e pequeno shelf life. O armazenamento realizado de maneira adequada torna-se de grande valor para que tais transformações não prejudiquem a comercialização do fruto. Entretanto, são necessárias pesquisas visando fornecer alternativas mais accessíveis de maturação para o pequeno produtor e o consumo doméstico. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade física e físico-química da banana prata submetidas a diferentes tipos de maturação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, sendo: CONT= temperatura ambiente, CARB= carbureto, SP= saco de papel, e FOR= forno, com cinco repetições cada. Os frutos foram coletados no mesmo dia e com a mesma coloração verde. As variáveis analisadas foram: peso total, peso da polpa, espessura da casca, espessura da polpa, aparência interna e externa; comprimentos longitudinal e transversal; sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (AT) e relação SST/AT. Asaparências externa e interna foram determinadas através de uma escala de nota; os SST da polpa foram aferidos em um refratômetro digital; o peso total e da polpacom o auxílio de balança semi-analítica e a acidez por titulação. Os métodos de maturação carbureto e sacola foram os que apresentaram bananas com melhores qualidades e tempo de vida útil. Recomenda-se colocar as bananas verdes em sacolas para obtenção de bananas maduras com qualidade superior aos demais métodos.

Fruit and Juice Metric Characteristics of Two Yellow Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Degener) Genotypes Grown in Southeastern Nigeria

An investigation was undertaken to determine the fruit and juice metric traits of fresh fruits obtained from two yellow passion fruit genotypes grown in south-eastern Nigeria in two seasons. The passion fruit genotypes (Conventional and KPF-4) received 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha-1 poultry manure (PM) rates in 2014 and 0, 10, 20 t ha-1 PM, 5 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK 15:15:15, 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK and 400 kg ha-1 NPK in 2016. Ten ripe and freshly dropped fruits in 2015 and 2017 were picked and taken to the laboratory. Fruit and juice metric traits (such as fruit length, circumference, pulp weight, juice volume and weight) were measured. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance following the procedure for split-plot experiment in completely randomized design. KPF-4 significantly (p<0.05) produced longer, wider and heavier fruits than the Conventional in 2015 whereas in 2017 all the fruit metric traits did not significantly (p>0.05) differ between the genotypes. Juice volume (682 ml) and pulp fresh weight (942 g) in 2015 were significantly highest in the Conventional when they received 20 or 40 t ha-1 PM. Application of 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK in 2016 enhanced the production of highest juice volume (723 ml) and pulp fresh weight (770 g) in the Conventional. Juice percentage and fruit metric traits of yellow passion fruit could be enhanced with the application 20 t ha-1 PM, considering lesser cost of PM procurement, or combined application of 10 t ha-1 PM + 200 kg ha-1 NPK.

Fruit morphological diversity and productivity of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) in coastal and lower eastern Kenya

ABSTRACTBaobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is an indigenous fruit tree of great importance in African drylands. In Kenya, the species’ potential is not fully utilized and domestication could help in increasing its usage. This study aimed at assessing the variability in morphological fruit traits and productivity of baobab trees in two regions of Kenya in order to select superiorelite trees for domestication. Data were collected from 71 fruiting baobab trees in the coastal area of Kilifi County and the inland regions of Kitui and Makueni Counties. All fruits per tree were counted and 10 fruits harvested for morphological characterisation. Productivity per tree was calculated and correlation analysis between selected fruit traits performed. Most (60%) of the 71 studied trees had ellipsoid fruit shapes. Median productivity in weight of fruits per tree was significantly higher in accessions from the coast (87.7 kg/tree) than from the inland region (29.5 kg/tree; p < .001). Median fruit length and weight were significantly higher in the coastal as compared to the inland region (22.1 versus 14.2 cm and 376 versus 155 g, respectively; p < .001 for both). Similarly, median pulp weight was significantly higher in samples from the coast than from the inland region (61.3 versus 27.2 g; p < .001), while pulp proportion was similar between the regions (median 16.9% of the whole fruit weight, range 13–23%). Fruit weight correlated significantly with pulp weight (r = 0.948; p < .001), but not with pulp proportion. Two superiorelite trees with high fruit weight, high pulp proportion and intermediate or sweet tasting fruit pulp were selected each in the two research regions. Further studies including genetic characterization should be done to identify the sources of variation among the trees in Kenya. Our findings may contribute to the domestication and increased utilization of this important indigenous fruit tree in Kenya and beyond.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FRUITS AND SEEDS Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae - Mimosaceae)

The main physical and morphological characteristics of Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae –Mimosaceae) fruits and seeds, and correlation estimates between these characteristics were investigate in this study. Mature fruits of I. laurina were collected from matrices trees established in a savannah area located at the municipality of Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The length, width, and thickness of 100 fruits and 100 seeds were measured. The fresh mass of fruits, pulp and seeds, and seed number per fruit were quantified. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, adjustment of statistical distributions, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis (rS). The I. laurina presents variation in the size and weight of fruits, pulp, and seeds, which can be explored for breeding programs and should be considered in the formation of seed lots that are more homogeneous. The fruits of I. laurina species are composed of 41% of pulp, 39% of bark and 20% of the seed. The greater fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of fruits with greater fresh mass and longer due to the high degree of association between these characteristics and the pulp yield. The fruit length is a good indication in the selection of seeds with greater weight.

Variations in Fruit and seed Characteristics of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L) in Wild Stands in the Sudan

Baobab is a multipurpose tree species, widespread throughout the hot, drier regions of tropical Africa. In Sudan, it forms belts in Centre of the country, extending through, Kordofan, Darfur and Blue Nile. The phenotypic variation in fruits traits of selected baobab trees in ten wild populations in Sudan was considered by sampling fruits and assessing their characteristics. Fruits were characterized from 130 trees, represented from two states distributed along a rainfall gradient (5 locations in each state). From each tree, six dry fruit were selected. For all the measured fruit shapes characters. The results showed highly significant differences between the two states, in fruit, pulp, and seed weight, number of seed, individual seed weight, seed length and width. Fruits from Blue Nile (wetter area) were heavier (large weight mean of capsules 209.22±84.32, pulp 30.8±14.09 and seeds 90.25± 48.8) than those from North kordofan, dry area (weight of capsules 153.18±78.45, pulp 24.54±10.47 and seeds 61.23± 39.08), as well as mean number of seed per capsule from Blue Nile was found to be larger (192.3 ±43.2) than those from North Kordofan (133 ±34.2). According to the fruit types, the highest mean pulp weight (70.18 g) was measured in Taloba location (in Blue Nile State) from spheroid fruits. Whereas in North Kordofan state the highest mean (39.97g) was measured only in ellipsoid fruits from KorTaggats location. It is concluded that environment and genetics play an important role in fruit shapes characters of baobab, and there is great phenotypic variability in fruit characters found between baobab population in studied area, offering opportunities for cultivar selection (domestication purpose and tree improvement). Keywords: Phenotypic, Baobab , Fruits characteristics, Diversity, Adansonia digitata L

Morphological variation of Libyan carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)

Carob tree Ceratonia siliqua L., is an evergreen endemic species found naturally in El-Jabal El-Akhdar region which is located immediately south of the coastal belt in the northeastern region of Libya. Morphological characteristics have been the main descriptive tool to characterize a given collection or germplasm, or to identify and differentiate wild type populations. Eighteen carob population were collected from six different sites in El-Jabal El-Akhdar area. Seven characters on discriminative pods were measured: the length, width, thickness, number of seeds, weight of pulp, and yield as well as one character to seeds: the weight seeds. The present study showed that the choice of pod characters to assess Libyan carob diversity is a useful and powerful tool. The means and standard deviations of morphometric characters measured in Libyan carob showed highly significant differences among the studied populations for all the examined characteristics. Differences in morphometric traits of carob pods and seeds among Libyan carob populations are primarily caused by genetic factors. The pod size of Libyan carob is considered to be the medium size (10.89 – 17.55cm).

Correlation of trunk cross sectional area with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum under North West Himalayan region of India

An experiment was conducted to study the correlation of trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum at ICAR-Central Institute for Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir during 2013-14. The TCSA (110.45, 118.23, 123.45, 131.67, 139.25, 146.82, 152.37 and 161.26 cm2) was based on their trunk girth at 15 cm above the ground. Maximum canopy volume (23.14m3 and fruit number 128/ tree) were recorded when TCSA was highest (161.26cm2). Maximum fruit weight (58.85g) was recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Fruit yield and productivity efficiency (59.47kg/ tree and 0.29kg/ cm2) were recorded with 152.37cm2 TCSA. Fruit size (47.45 x 44.12mm), pulp weight (57.54g) and pulp/stone ratio (43.92) were recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Maximum TSS (19.450B), total sugar (13.98%) and reducing sugar (11.46%) were recorded with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. Non-reducing sugar (2.53%) was recorded with 118.23cm2 TCSA. Higher leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (2.38, 0.19 and 1.95%) was observed with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. A positive and significant correlation was noticed between TCSA and canopy volume (0.995), fruit number (0.992), yield (0.968), pulp/stone ratio (0.903), TSS (0.977), total sugar (0.937), reducing sugar (0.920), non-reducing sugar (0.048), leaf N (0.971), leaf P (0.977) and leaf K (0.997) value in plum variety Santa Rosa under North West Himalayan region of India.

Correlation of trunk cross sectional area with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum under North West Himalayan region of India

An experiment was conducted to study the correlation of trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum at ICAR-Central Institute for Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir during 2013-14. The TCSA (110.45, 118.23, 123.45, 131.67, 139.25, 146.82, 152.37 and 161.26 cm2) was based on their trunk girth at 15 cm above the ground. Maximum canopy volume (23.14m3 and fruit number 128/ tree) were recorded when TCSA was highest (161.26cm2). Maximum fruit weight (58.85g) was recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Fruit yield and productivity efficiency (59.47kg/ tree and 0.29kg/ cm2) were recorded with 152.37cm2 TCSA. Fruit size (47.45 x 44.12mm), pulp weight (57.54g) and pulp/stone ratio (43.92) were recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Maximum TSS (19.450B), total sugar (13.98%) and reducing sugar (11.46%) were recorded with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. Non-reducing sugar (2.53%) was recorded with 118.23cm2 TCSA. Higher leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (2.38, 0.19 and 1.95%) was observed with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. A positive and significant correlation was noticed between TCSA and canopy volume (0.995), fruit number (0.992), yield (0.968), pulp/stone ratio (0.903), TSS (0.977), total sugar (0.937), reducing sugar (0.920), non-reducing sugar (0.048), leaf N (0.971), leaf P (0.977) and leaf K (0.997) value in plum variety Santa Rosa under North West Himalayan region of India.

Morphological and antiradical characteristics of Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) fruits canned in different kind of honeys and in beverages prepared from honey

The aim of the work was to determined the basic morphological and morphometric traits of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) and antiradical activity of fruit pulp canned in different kind of honeys and in beverages prepared from honey. In experiments there were used 4 genotypes of roses originated from arboretum Mlyňany (Slovakia). The evaluation of 11 morphometric traits of fruit showed that the average weight of the fresh fruit without pedicle reached up 5.14 - 5.46 g, the weight of pedicle was 0.05 - 0.08 g, weight of pulp and seeds 4.80 - 5.13 g, weight of calyx 0.25 - 0.31 g, length and width of fruit (16.10 - 18.13 mm, 21.38 - 22.46 mm), the number of seeds in fruit 48.45 - 71.05, thickness of pulp 2.63 - 2.97 mm. Separated fruit pulp was canned at 40 °C and 80 °C and premixed in robinia honey and honeydew honey. Beverages were prepared by mixture of fruit pulp in honey (15 g) with cold water (150 mL). Antiradical activity was determined by DPPH method in fruit pulp (in methyl alcohol and water extracts), in honeys (black locust honey and honeydew honey) and beverages. There had been confirmed statistically significant differences in morphological traits, especially in colour and shape of fruit. Antiradical activity of fresh fruit pulp in methyl alcohol extract was determined 94.59%, in water extract 89.71%. Antiradical activity of black locust honey was 7.63%, honeydew honey 6.54%. Antiradical activity was determined also adding honeydew honey and black locust honey to fresh pulp of fruit prepared at 80 °C (33.55% and 77.58%). In beverages prepared from fresh pulp, honey and water it was investigated the higher values of antiradical activity in samples with addition of honeydew honey (81.81 - 83.86%) in comparison with robinia honey (75.57 - 79.96%).

Variation in fruit chemical and mineral composition of Kenyan guava (Psidium guajava L.): Inferences from climatic conditions, and fruit morphological traits

There is limited knowledge about the impact of climatic conditions and fruit morphological traits on the nutritional composition of the guava fruit. Fruits were gathered from 128 guava trees across four geographically diverse regions of Kenya. The fruits were morphologically characterized and analysed for their chemical and mineral composition. The ascorbic acid content correlated positively only with total annual precipitation, while total soluble solids (TSS) correlated positively with mean annual temperature. TSS correlated negatively with pulp weight and was higher in white-fleshed fruits than in the red-fleshed types. The mineral content of the fruits correlated negatively with most of the fruit weight- and size-based morphologicaltraits, as well as with the total annual precipitation, but positively with fruit seed proportion. This information could act as a guide in the selection of specific regions for upscaling guava production and aid in the selection of accessions for improvement programmes that enhance guava fruit nutritional composition.

Influence of different plant growth regulators on yield and quality of sapota (Manilkara achras) cv. Kalipatti

The present study was carried out at Regional Fruit Research Station, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2016–17 to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on yield and quality of sapota Sapota (Manilkara achras (Mill) Fosberg) cv Kalipatti. Eight year’s old uniformly grown Kalipatti sapota plants planted at 9×9 m spacing were sprayed with plant growth regulators NAA @ 50,75,100 and 125 ppm and GA3 @ 25,50,75 and 100 ppm keeping two controls, one as water spray and second without any spray in the month of May, August and September during flowering and at pea stage. Sapota fruits were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. It was concluded that application of NAA @ 125 ppm during flowering and at pea stage resulted in improved fruit quality in terms of maximum fruit size, fruit firmness (4.01 kg/cm2 ), pulp weight (70.55 g) fruit weight (88.33 g), reducing sugars (9.44%), total sugars (14.39%), TSS (22.2%) with low acidity (0.16%) and higher fruit yield (37.13 kg/tree).

Shelf-life estimation and quality of resistant bananas to black leaf streak disease during ripening

Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD), also known as Black Sigatoka, is considered the most important banana leaf disease worldwide, because it reduces, in average (↓), both yield (↓ 38%) and postharvest banana green-life (↓ 40%). The control of this disease requires weekly applications of fungicides, which increase the economic and environmental costs for banana production, especially in a few countries in Latin American, which account for over 80% of total banana traded internationally. However, frequent fungicide spraying leads to rapid evolution of fungicide-resistance fungal strains that cause disease-control failures. This work aimed to evaluate the shelf-life and postharvest quality of three genotypes of banana (Musa spp.) resistant to BLSD. Survival analysis methodology was used to estimate shelf-life using the Log-Rank test. Postharvest quality included variables such as peel weight, pulp weight, soluble solids, total sugar, starch, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids. The best results were highlighted by BRS Tropical including a high shelf-life for green life (GL) phase of 22.28 days, followed by BRS Vitória (13.45 days). BRS Platina presented the lowest GL phase (11.23 days). BRS Tropical presented a highest yellow life (YL), including good postharvest quality at end of ripening as soluble solids (25.53°Brix), total sugars (13.73 g 100 g−1) and starch (1.32 g 100 g−1). Results suggest that BRS Tropical, which presented a longer shelf-life (27.85 days), may be indicated for exports purposes as well as in natura consumption. Due to the short shelf-life, BRS Vitória and BRS Platina were more suitable for processing industry.

Reproductive development of lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) under different soil moisture levels

Segun la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentacion, los citricos dominan la produccion mundial de todas las frutas. Por su posicion geografica, Ecuador tiene condiciones favorables de crecimiento para la produccion de citricos y la mayor parte del pais tiene condiciones favorables para las plantas y sus relaciones con las condiciones ambientales. El objetivo de la presente investigacion fue determinar la fenologia reproductiva de la sutil de limon ( Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) bajo diferentes niveles de humedad del suelo.Un Asistente de Configuracion de Base de Datos) usando un diseno de Bloque Completo Aleatorio aplicado y cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones se distribuyeron de la siguiente manera: tratamiento 1 [coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) 0.3], tratamiento 2 (Kc 0.5), tratamiento 3 (Kc 0,7) y tratamiento 4 (Kc 0,9). Se evaluo la calidad del fruto, peso de piel y pulpa, cantidad de semilla, contenido de jugo, grado Brix y diametro polar y ecuatorial, y se ajusto la fenologia a la codificacion de la escala BBCH. No se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas durante el estudio que resultaron de las lluvias que homogeneizaron todo el sustrato y mantuvieron la humedad del suelo.Establecimos que desde la fase fenologica de los primordios hasta la cosecha del fruto, hubo un intervalo de 138-140 d en el que el peso promedio del fruto (42. 62 g) fluctuo segun el peso de la piel (7,65 g) , peso de la pulpa (34,73 g), numero de semillas (5,05), cantidad de jugo (14,36 mL), grados Brix (5,5), diametros polares y ecuatoriales (44,32 y 42, 12 mm, respectivamente) y la acidez titulable (6,54%). Concluimos que las Kcs propuestas en la presente investigacion deben evaluarse durante la estacion seca porque, en esta investigacion, el riego fue inducido por Kc solo durante 2 meses despues de las lluvias.

Effect of pruning levels and growth regulator application on guava (Psidium guajava l.) cv. Lucknow – 49 for high yield and quality

A field experiment to standardize the levels of pruning and growth regulator application in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lucknow-49 was undertaken at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam during 2016-2017. The experiment consists of seven different levels of pruning and growth regulator application and the treatments were imposed on two years old trees. The result of the experiment revealed that, the treatment T5 (Light pruning + Paclobutrazol application) recorded the highest mean fruit weight, fruit length, fruit circumference, fruit pulp weight. Major objective of canopy management in guava cv. Lucknow -49 under high density planting system is to maximize the yield and maintaining the optimum canopy without overlapping. In a nutshell, taking into consideration of the performance of various pruning and chemical treatments, particularly yield and yield components, the treatment followed by T3 (Moderate pruning + Paclobutrazol application) in guava cv. Lucknow – 49 under high density planting system.

Effect of Some Fertilization Treatments on Growth, Yield, Fruit Quality and Nutritional Status of Banana Grande Naine Cultivar

This work was carried out at the sandy soil of El-Khatatba region, Minofia Governorate, Egypt, through the two successive seasons of 2016 and 2017 to study the effect of organic fertilization combined with chemical fertilizer in presence of bio fertilizer on growth, yield, quality and nutritional status of banana Grande Naine cultivar. Mother plants were planted at 3×2 m apart in March 2015 and two suckers were selected per each hole and the others were removed. The obtained results showed that, the highest values of pseudostem height, pseudostem circumference, leaf area and assimilation area per plants were scored by T1 recommended dose of chemical fertilization (RD), followed in descending order by T4 treatment (75% RD+21kg compost+5ml bio./plant) with non-significant differences between them in the two seasons. The highest values of bunch length, fruits yield per fed., the thickest bunch, the heaviest bunch, the highest number of fingers/hand and the heaviest hand were scored by T1 treatment, followed in descending order by T4 treatment in the two seasons. The highest values of finger length, finger diameter and finger weight as well as the richest fruit pulp total sugars % and T.S.S. % were recorded by T4, followed by T7 (75% RD+45g humic+ 5ml bio./plant) in the two seasons. The heaviest pulp weight was obtained by those received T4 treatment, followed in descending order by T7 treatments, whereas the highest pulp/peel ratio was registered by T7 and T4 treatments in the two seasons. Banana plants received the full dose of chemical fertilization (100% RD) is being the most promising one for inducing the greatest leaf total carbohydrates, N, P and K percentage, followed in descending order by T4 and T7 treatments without significant difference between them in the two seasons.