Pulp Industry Waste Research Articles

PENGARUH PUPUK KOMPOS DARI LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI PULP DAN KERTAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Eucalyptus pellita

The pulp and paper industry produces liquid waste in its production process. Liquid waste in solid form of sludge can be utilized as compost fertilizer. Research conducted at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp and PT Arara Abadi Rasau Kuning District, Riau Province. The aim of this research is to know the effect of compost fertilizer from pulp and paper industry waste on Eucalyptus pellita growth and to determine the most appropriate dose of compost for growth of Eucalyptus pellita. The research method was done by applying compost in 3-month Eucalyptus pellita with dosage of o gram, 750 gram, 1000 gram and 1250 gram. Parameters measured over 3 months were plant height, plant diameter and number of leaves. Provisi on of compost fertilizer from pulp and paper industry waste has no significant effect on Eucalyptus pellita growth. Visually, the most appropriate dose of compost for the growth of Eucalyptus pellita is a dose of 1000 grams.

The Effect of Pulp Industrial Waste as Chemical Admixture to Compressive Strength of Fly Ash Based Alkali Activated Materials

Black liquor is a toxic by-product from industrial pulp manufacture. It contains sodium hydroxide that can be used as precursor activator for alkali activated material, which is an aluminosilicate material that can be prepared from thermal activation of solid material containing alumina and silica as precursor and alkali activator solution. In this work, alkali activated mortar was prepared by mixing fly ash as main precursors, aggregate, followed by addition of activator solution containing sodium hydroxide solution and waterglass, and chemical admixture which is lignin or black liquor. The best compressive strength was 34.40 MPa achieved in addition of 10 wt% of black liquor to alkali activated mortar. X-ray diffraction demonstrated the formation of albite in mortars, indicating that geopolymerization have been successfully formed. FTIR spectra showed the presence of siloxo and sialate peaks which commonly found in geopolymerization.

Effect of paper industry leachate on various serological indices and serum proteins

Pulp and paper industry consumes more resources as compared to any other industry around the globe. The toxicity of waste water (leachate) resulting from paper processing has become a serious issue now a days. So, current research was aimed to assess various toxic aspects of pulp and paper industry waste water.

Preparation of clinker from paper pulp industry wastes

The production of paper pulp by the Kraft method generates considerable amounts of wastes. Namely, lime mud generated in the recovery circuit of chemical reagents, biological sludge from the wastewater treatment of wood digestion process and fly ash collected in the fluidized bed combustor used to generate electricity from biomass burning. The final destination of such wastes is an important concern, since environmental regulations are becoming stricter regarding their landfill. Driven by this fact, industries are looking for more sustainable solutions, such as the recycling in distinct products.This work tested these wastes as secondary raw materials to produce clinker/cement that was then experienced in mortar formulations. The first step involved the residues detailed characterization and a generated amounts survey. Then, specific but simple steps were suggested, aiming to facilitate transport and manipulation. Distinct blends were prepared and fired in order to get belitic and Portland clinkers. The Portland clinkers were processed at lower temperatures than the normally used in the industry due to the presence of mineralizing impurities in some wastes. Belite-based cements were used to produce mortars that developed satisfactory mechanical strength and did not reveal signs of deterioration or durability weaknesses.

Development of an advanced biorefinery concept based on valorization of pulp and paper industry waste streams

Development of an advanced biorefinery concept based on valorization of pulp and paper industry waste streams

Potential of Bacillus cereus for bioremediation of pulp and paper industrial waste

Biotechnological processes have the potential to reduce environmental pollution through their application in processes aimed at resolving waste dumping problems. In this study, Bacillus cereus was assessed for its efficiency to decolorize pulp and paper industrial effluents. The impact of carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, initial pH and incubation period on color reduction was also studied. The optimum pH and temperature were found to be 6.5 and 45 °C, respectively. B. cereus was efficient at decolorizing the effluents in the presence of glucose, xylose and starch (84, 45.5 and 66 %, respectively), but maximum color reduction (90.6 %) was obtained with 0.5 % sucrose as the carbon source in the presence of 1 % ammonium sulphate. The substantially high load of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand was decreased by about 61 and 66 %, respectively, by B. cereus. The molecular size distribution studies of control and bacterial-treated effluent samples revealed the degradation of high and medium molecular mass compounds. The results demonstrate the high potential of B. cereus as a significant candidate for color removal from pulp and paper mill effluents.

Lignosulfonate-based heterogeneous sulfonic acid catalyst for hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds of polysaccharides

We report a novel lignosulfonate-based heterogeneous sulfonic acid catalyst (LF) which offered high yields of monosaccharides (75–98%) in hydrolysis of polysaccharides, such as cellobiose, maltose, d-melezitose, sucrose, inulin, and starch. Specific activity in cellobiose hydrolysis was 5.6±0.3mol glucose per mol SO3H. Kinetic analysis showed that the apparent activation energy of cellobiose hydrolysis over the LF catalyst is 98.5kJmol−1, which was less than 110–138kJmol−1 for mineral acids, organic acid homogeneous catalysts or grafted sulfonic acids. The catalyst was recycled by filtration and reused four times in cellobiose hydrolysis without apparent loss of catalytic activity. NMR characterization suggests that the better accessibility of cellobiose to SO3H sites and multiple bindings of hydroxyls of cellobiose on COOH and OH sites may account for its superior performance. This is a new method of utilizing pulp industry waste as sulfonic acid precursor; otherwise sulfonation process is required for preparing heterogeneous sulfonic acid catalysts.

A statistical approach for optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production by marine Bacillus subtilis MSBN17

The important biological macromolecule polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia diffusa and identified by means of 16S rRNA analysis. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the PHB production using cheap raw materials such as pulp industry waste (PIW), tamarind kernel powder (TKP), palm jaggery (PJ) and green gram flour (GGF). The extracted polymer was characterized by 1H NMR analysis. The PIW was fed at three different intervals and the maximum production of PHB (19.08g/L) was attained after a period of 40h of incubation of B. subtilis. Dissolved oxygen, sodium chloride and nitrogen source were found to be the critical control factors that affected the PHB polymer production. The present investigation demonstrates an inexpensive model of producing PHB green thermoplastics in vitro for biomedical applications.

Isolation and Screening of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Producing Bacteria from Pulp, Paper, and Cardboard Industry Wastes

Background. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are storage materials that accumulate by various bacteria as energy and carbon reserve materials. They are biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and also biocompatible bioplastics. Unlike petrochemical-based plastics that take several decades to fully degrade, PHAs can be completely degraded within a year by variety of microorganisms into CO2 and water. In the present study, we aim to utilize pulp, paper, and cardboard industry sludge and waste water for the isolation and screening of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) accumulating bacteria and production of cost-effective PHB using cardboard industry waste water. Results. A total of 42 isolates showed black-blue coloration when stained with Sudan black B, a preliminary screening agent for lipophilic compounds, and a total of 15 isolates showed positive result with Nile blue A staining, a more specific dye for PHA granules. The isolates NAP11 and NAC1 showed maximum PHA production 79.27% and 77.63% with polymer concentration of 5.236 g/L and 4.042 g/L with cardboard industry waste water. Both of the selected isolates, NAP11 and NAC1, were classified up to genus level by studying their morphological and biochemical characteristics and were found to be Enterococcus sp., Brevundimonas sp. and, respectively. Conclusion. The isolates Enterococcus sp. NAP11 and Brevundimonas sp. NAC1 can be considered as good candidates for industrial production of PHB from cardboard industry waste water. We are reporting for the first time the use of cardboard industry waste water as a cultivation medium for the PHB production.

Effects of exposure to soluble fraction of industrial solid waste on lipid peroxidation and DNA methylation in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, as assessed by quantification of MDA and m 5dC rates

In this study, lipid peroxidation and DNA methylation were observed in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to soluble fractions of textile, metal–mechanic and pulp and paper industrial waste, after a period of 48 h. Lipid peroxidation was quantified by the rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA methylation was quantified by the rate of 5-methyldeoxycytosine (m 5dC). Soluble fractions of textile industrial waste caused metabolic changes for all studied samples. In organisms exposed to samples TX1 and TX2 (textile waste) MDA rates were 132.36 and 140.28 nM MDA/mg protein, respectively, while in control organism the MDA rates were 27.5 nM MDA/mg protein. All samples from soluble fractions of textile industrial waste induced increases in m 5dC rates, increases varied between 300 percent and 700 percent when compared to the control organism. All the organisms exposed to soluble fractions of metal–mechanic industrial waste presented increases between 360 percent and 600 percent in the rates of MDA, and one of them (sample MM3) induced an increase of 180 percent in the rate of m 5dC, when compared to control. Although a significant increase was not observed in the MDA rate of fish exposed to the soluble fractions of pulp and paper industrial waste, there was an increase of 460 percent in the rate of m 5dC in one of the samples (sample PP2), when compared to control. The results showed that the soluble fractions of these industrial wastes are capable of inducing oxidative damage and altering the DNA methylation of O. niloticus. Thus, the MDA and m 5dC rates demonstrated to be effective biomarkers of exposure, which could be used to evaluate the toxicity of soluble fractions of industrial solid waste.

Studies on Lime Sludge for Partial Replacement of Cement

Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products in the construction industry has been the focus of research for economical and environmental reasons. In this paper, Lime sludge, a paper and pulp industry waste product, has been chemically, physically and thermally characterized, in order to evaluate the possibility of its use as construction materials. X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffractometry studies for the determination of composition and presence of crystalline material and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis to identify the phase transition of lime sludge, as well as physical and mechanical properties and its pozzolanic activity have been conducted. It is concluded that the acceptance of this waste product by the construction industry could be decided depending on the application, keeping in view of the limitations on the mechanical strength.

Radiological impact of using forest tree biomass for energy and recycling the ash

In Northern Europe the use of tree biomass for production of energy is mostly based on thinning of forests, harvest residues, stumps from final cutting, bark of commercial roundwood, and organic waste of pulp industry. Results based on field experiments allow estimations of 137 Cs activity removed from forests in wood fuel, and also the activity returned in ash used as a fertiliser. After one fertilisation treatment in three types of coniferous forests the activity concentration of 137 Cs in wood fuel and ash was reduced to a fraction of 0.3 to 08 of activities in products from unfertilised forests. The improved tree growth and lowering activity concentrations of 137 Cs in trees and understorey after fertilisation refer to reduction of human radiation exposure in Chernobyl-affected areas in the long term. Thereby radiation doses to workers handling the ash and members of the public using forests will gradually decrease faster than through radioactive decay only. A documented and traceable ash recycling history of forests is important for all users of forests.

Catalytic wet oxidation: an environmental solution for organic pollutant removal from paper and pulp industrial waste liquor

The removal of organics from paper and pulp industrial waste was investigated employing wet oxidation (WO) and catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) techniques using a high-pressure reaction system. Different types of catalysts prepared from single metals (transition/noble) and mixed metals (transition–transition/transition/noble metal) were used in the CWO studies. The paper and pulp liquor treatments were conducted in selected different environments such as (i) liquors with different organic concentrations, (ii) liquors with different pH (11–14), (iii) a range of reaction temperatures (413–463 K), (iv) different catalysts (Cu, Mn, Pd, Cu/Mn, Mn/Pd, Cu/Pd), (v) catalyst loading (1–8 g). The single transition (Cu, Mn) or noble metal (Pd) catalysts showed appreciable total organic removal, but the bi-metal catalysts (Cu/Mn, Cu/Pd, Mn/Pd ) exhibited even higher activity for organics removal. Much higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal (>84%) was achieved by using the CWO process. The TOC removed by the Cu/Pd catalyst was the highest, followed by the Mn/Pd and Cu/Mn catalytic system.

Enzyme-based biosensor as a selective detection unit in column liquid chromatography

A reagentiess enzyme electrode based on co-immobilized alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase was used as the working electrode in an amperometric flow-through cell connected to a column liquid chromatographic (CLC) system for the selective detection of methanol and ethanol. The enzymes were covalently immobilized in carbon paste (graphite-phenylmethylsilicone oil) in the presence of polyethylenimine. Electrodes prepared from the enzyme-modified carbon paste were optimized with respect to their sensitivity and selectivity. Different membranes were cast or electropolymerized directly on the surface of the electrode to increase the long-term stability of the biosensor. The compatibility with the reversed-phase chromatographic system was established. A PLRP-S polymer-based separation column was used with phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. The selectivity of the enzyme electrode was also determined by injecting some easily oxidizable and possibly interfering species normally present in biological samples. The enzyme electrode was also used in an on-line system, consisting of a microdialysis probe as the sampling unit, the CLC system and the biosensor detection device, for the selective following of the ethanol produced when a paper pulp industrial waste water was ferinented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Low sensitivity of ciliary activity in the gills of Anodonta cygnea to some ecotoxicals

1. The effects of some ecotoxical model substances on the activity of frontal gill cilia of freshwater mussel Anodonta cygnea were studied in 1 and 24 hr experiments with the particle transport method. The effects were compared with the results of standard Daphnia magna ec 50 tests with the same substances. 2. Variations of pH between 4.8 and 8.1 affected the ciliary activity by less than 30%. 3. Ciliary activity was less sensitive to heavy metal salts, sodium lauryl sulphate and to two pulp industry waste model substances than D. magna. 4. Compared to D. magna, the ciliary activity was more sensitive to formalin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, and as sensitive to ethanol. 5. Ciliary activity in bivalve gills is a well regulated and/or a relative insensitive function, but it may be used as a rapid screening test for some cell ecotoxicals.

Granulated blast furnace slag-base hot tops for heating of steel ingots

For the purpose of improving the properties of the hot tops, the magnitogorsk metallurgical combine has proposed replacing the quartz sand in their composition by granulated blast-furnace slag. Such a slag is a by-product of steel production and does not contain free siO 2 ; therefore, replacement of quartz sand by slag made the production of hot tops ecologically clean and harmless. The composition of the experimental hot tops in % is 45.5-60 granulated blast-furnace slag, 15-30 refractory clay, 0.5-2.0 graphite, 8-15 pulp industry waste (savings), and 9-15 sulfite-alcohol residue. The increased refractory clay content in the hot tops of the proposed composition provides the necessary refractoriness of them at the temperature of the teemed steel

Heavy metal removal with lignin

Abstract Increasing discharges of toxic heavy metals and the concomitant environmental damage has resulted in stringent standards for effluent disposal. Techno‐economic limitations of conventional metal removal methods dictate the development of alternate, inexpensive techniques to meet the discharge criteria. Heavy metal removal with lignin, a multifunctional group polymer easily recovered from pulp and paper industry waste, appears to be a potential solution. Copper and cadmium removals by solid lignin are governed by the pH of the metal solution, lignin dose and lignin / metal ratio. The optimum pH for maximum metal removal was 5.5 for copper (1.2 mg/gm lignin) and 6.5 for cadmium (2.5 mg/gm lignin). The optimum contact time was one hour. Metal removal was accompanied by release of hydrogen ions in solution, which at higher concentration seem to adversely affect the metal removal. Maintenance of constant optimum pH increased the metal removal efficiencies by 38 % for copper and by 125 % for cadmium.

Studies on copper removal by lignin solution/suspension

Abstract The increasing awareness of the potential environmental impacts of heavy metal pollution and the techno‐economic limitations of conventional metal removal techniques have led to the study alternate, inexpensive methods. Lignin, an easily available polymer from pulp and paper industry waste, appears to he an attractive material for heavy metal removal. Copper removal by lignin is affected by both copper and lignin solution pH as well as the lignin dose. Copper removal is also markedly influenced by the extent of lignin in suspension and the final pH of the filtrate. Maximum (95%) Cu removal was obtained with both lignin and copper solution pH at 5.5 and a 1ignin dose of about 1 g/l. The optimum final pH corresponding to maximum Cu removal was between 4.4 and 5.0. Inhibition by hydrogen ions at low pH and dissolution of the lignin‐metal complex at higher pH result in poor copper removals.

The Effects of Pulp and Paper Industry (Tervakoski Oy) Waste Waters on the Fertilized Eggs and Alevins of Zebrafish and on the Physiology of Rainbow Trout

Research Article| February 01 1988 The Effects of Pulp and Paper Industry (Tervakoski Oy) Waste Waters on the Fertilized Eggs and Alevins of Zebrafish and on the Physiology of Rainbow Trout Marja Ruoppa; Marja Ruoppa Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Tarja Nakari Tarja Nakari Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Water Sci Technol (1988) 20 (2): 201. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0072 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Marja Ruoppa, Tarja Nakari; The Effects of Pulp and Paper Industry (Tervakoski Oy) Waste Waters on the Fertilized Eggs and Alevins of Zebrafish and on the Physiology of Rainbow Trout. Water Sci Technol 1 February 1988; 20 (2): 201. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0072 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Marine pollution effects of pulp and paper industry wastes

The scale of waste discharges to the marine environment from the pulp and paper industry in various parts of the world is outlined and a brief description of the major characteristics of such wastes is given. The information available on the direct toxicity of these wastes to marine fauna and flora is assessed including both lethal and sublethal effects. The environmental impact of waste discharge and subsequent ecosystem modifications are considered in detail; the complex adjustments to the nutrient and carbon budgets of the water column and sediment involved in direct alterations to their oxygen balance and other indirect eutrophication effects are described. It is concluded that whereas the direct toxicity of these wastes has minimal effect in the marine environment the complex problems created by increasing the oxygen demand of the receiving waters can have considerable impact in inshore areas. Methods of minimising the effect of such impacts and of forecasting their extent are outlined. “He saw its excreta poisoning the seas. He became watchful” (Hughes, 1970).