Pulp Of Deciduous Teeth Research Articles

Recommended procedures for managing carious lesions in primary teeth with pulp involvement—a scoping review

BackgroundManaging dental caries in primary teeth with pulp involvement is a significant challenge. Clinical guidelines offer recommendations for effective management.AimTo identify and analyze policies, guidelines, and recommendations for treating primary teeth with pulp-involved carious lesions, highlighting existing research gaps and setting the foundation for future research.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, GIN, and LILACS) and grey literature sources (Trip and ProQuest) to identify guidelines, consensus, policy, and position statements on primary teeth pulp therapy and extraction thresholds. Two independent reviewers screened the abstracts and titles, followed by full-text screening.ResultsAfter removing duplication, of the 1098 records, 14 were selected for analysis. This review examined various treatments for deep caries lesions in primary teeth, including indirect/direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, lesion sterilization/tissue restoration, and extraction. Time search was restricted to documents published from 30th January 2008 to 30th January 2024, offering insights into evolving clinical practices.ConclusionTreatment for carious lesions in primary teeth involving the pulp depends on clinical indications and may involve minimally invasive techniques. Recommended options are indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy, while direct capping and tooth removal are discouraged. Further research is needed to address gaps, improve guideline development, and enhance consistency of recommendations.

Effect of α7 nAChR-autophagy axis of deciduous tooth pulp stem cells in regulating IL-1β in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.

Physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth is a normal phenomenon occurring during the developmental stages of children. Previous research has indicated the pivotal role of the inflammatory microenvironment in this process, although the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed at elucidating the involvement of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR)-autophagy axis in the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment during physiological root resorption in deciduous teeth. Samples were collected from deciduous teeth at various stages of physiological root resorption, and deciduous dental pulp stem cells (DDPSCs) were isolated and cultured during the mid-phase of root resorption. The findings revealed a substantial infiltration of the pulp of deciduous teeth at the mid-phase of root resorption, characterized by elevated expression levels of α7 nAChR and IL-1β. Significantly increased IL-1β and α7 nAChR expressions were observed in DDPSCs during the mid-phase of root resorption, with α7 nAChR demonstrating a regulatory effect on IL-1β. Moreover, evidence suggested that mechanical stress may act as a trigger, regulating autophagy and IL-1 expression via α7 nAChR. In conclusion, mechanical stress was identified as a regulator of autophagy in DDPSCs through α7 nAChR, influencing the expression of IL-1β and contributing to the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth. KEY MESSAGES: The pulp of deciduous teeth at mid-phase of root resorption was heavily infiltrated with high expression of α7nAChR and IL-1β. α7 nAChR acts as an initiating factor to regulate IL-1β through autophagy in DDPSCs. Mechanical stress can regulate autophagy of DDPSCs through α7 nAChR and thus affect IL-1β expression and inflammatory microenvironment formation in physiological root resorption in deciduous teeth.

Treatment outcomes of pulpotomy versus pulpectomy in vital primary molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial

BackgroundPulpectomy continues to be the standard treatment recommendation for management of vital primary molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. The recent decade has seen a paradigm shift in the treatment concepts of how vital mature permanent molars diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis can be more conservatively managed using vital pulp therapy techniques like pulpotomy. However, despite emerging evidence indicating similarities between primary and permanent tooth pulp response to dental caries, there is limited research on whether pulpotomy can be similarly used as a definitive treatment modality for vital primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the treatment effectiveness of pulpotomy versus pulpectomy in management of vital primary molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis over a two-year period.Methods/designThis clinical study is a parallel, two-armed, open label, non-inferiority RCT with a 1:1 allocation ratio between the experimental intervention arm (pulpotomy) and the active comparator arm (pulpectomy). Healthy cooperative children, between 4–9 years of age, who have painful primary molars with clinical symptoms typical of irreversible pulpitis will be recruited after obtaining informed consent from their parents/legal guardians. 50 vital primary molars clinically diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis will be randomly distributed between the two treatment arms. The primary outcomes that will be assessed are clinical and radiographic success after six-months, one-year and two-years of the trial interventions. The influence of baseline pre-operative variables (age; gender; tooth type; site of caries; pre-operative furcal radiolucency; pre-operative pain intensity) and intra-operative factors (time taken to achieve haemostasis) on treatment outcomes will also be assessed. The secondary outcome evaluated will be the immediate (24 h and 7 d) post-operative pain relief afforded by the two treatment interventions.DiscussionThis trial seeks to provide evidence on whether pulpotomy treatment can be no worse than the standard pulpectomy treatment for the management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in vital primary molars.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06183203). Registered on 30 January 2024.

Cartilage-Specific Gene Expression and Extracellular Matrix Deposition in the Course of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation in 3D Spheroid Culture.

Articular cartilage damage still remains a major problem in orthopedical surgery. The development of tissue engineering techniques such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is a promising way to improve clinical outcomes. On the other hand, the clinical application of autologous chondrocytes has considerable limitations. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various tissues have been shown to possess chondrogenic differentiation potential, although to different degrees. In the present study, we assessed the alterations in chondrogenesis-related gene transcription rates and extracellular matrix deposition levels before and after the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in a 3D spheroid culture. MSCs were obtained from three different tissues: umbilical cord Wharton's jelly (WJMSC-Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells), adipose tissue (ATMSC-adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells), and the dental pulp of deciduous teeth (SHEDs-stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth). Monolayer MSC cultures served as baseline controls. Newly formed 3D spheroids composed of MSCs previously grown in 2D cultures were precultured for 2 days in growth medium, and then, chondrogenic differentiation was induced by maintaining them in the TGF-β1-containing medium for 21 days. Among the MSC types studied, WJMSCs showed the most similarities with primary chondrocytes in terms of the upregulation of cartilage-specific gene expression. Interestingly, such upregulation occurred to some extent in all 3D spheroids, even prior to the addition of TGF-β1. These results confirm that the potential of Wharton's jelly is on par with adipose tissue as a valuable cell source for cartilage engineering applications as well as for the treatment of osteoarthritis. The 3D spheroid environment on its own acts as a trigger for the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs.

Preliminary study on the mechanism by which exosomes derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth improve the proliferation and osteogenic inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid-induced BMSCs

BackgroundSteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a disease characterized by a collapsed femoral head caused by the overuse of glucocorticoids. Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an important pathological feature of SONFH. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes from SHEDs (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth) have a therapeutic effect on glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of proliferation and osteogenesis in BMSCs, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms involved. MethodsPrimary dental pulp cells were isolated and cultured from human deciduous tooth pulp, SHEDs were isolated and purified by the limiting dilution method and exosomes were isolated from the supernatants of SHEDs by ultracentrifugation. The cell surface markers CD31, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90 and CD105 were detected by flow cytometry. A Cell-Counting-Kit-8 assay was used to detect cell activity. ALP and Alizarin Red staining were used to identify osteogenic differentiation ability, and exosomes were identified using transmission electron microscopy, NanoFCM and Western blotting. PKH67 fluorescence was used to track the uptake of exosomes by BMSCs. Transcriptome analysis combined with quantitative real-time PCR was used to explore the underlying mechanism involved. ResultsExosomes secreted by SHEDs can be endocytosed by BMSCs, and can partially reverse the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on the viability and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNAs regulated by SHED-derived exosomes were enriched mainly in signaling pathways such as the apoptosis pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway and the p53 signaling pathway. qPCR showed that SHED-derived exosomes reversed the dexamethasone-induced upregulation of HGF and ITGB8 expression and the inhibition of EFNA1 expression, but further increased the dexamethasone-induced downregulation of IL7 expression. In conclusion, SHED-derived exosomes partially reversed the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis by inhibiting the expression of HGF, ITGB8 and IL7, and upregulating the expression of EFNA1.

Complete versus incomplete caries removal procedures and their effects on dental pulp in primary teeth - An in vivo study.

Dental caries results from an ecologic shift within the dental biofilm from a balanced population of microorganisms to an acidogenic, aciduric, and cariogenic microbiological population developed and maintained by frequent consumption of fermentable dietary carbohydrates. Total caries removal (TCR) of deep lesion may result in pulpal exposure requiring more invasive treatment. Hence, current pediatric dentistry has shifted to minimally invasive treatment that avoids more complex, time-consuming procedure, and the child's discomfort. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical performance and radiographic changes after complete and incomplete caries removal procedures. The study was conducted on 60 primary molars in children aged 6-9 years. Selected 60 primary molars were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (PCR): infected dentin was removed, while the affected dentin was maintained on the pulpal wall. Group 2 (TCR): both infected and affected dentin were removed through low-speed carbide bur and hand excavator. Teeth were evaluated at 4 and 6 months clinically and radiographically. The proportion was compared using Fisher's exact test. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 was used for analysis. The level of significance was kept at 5%. The clinical and radiographic success rates of ICR and CCR in primary teeth with deep carious lesions were high and did not differ significantly, indicating that the retention of carious dentin does not interfere with pulp vitality. Thus, ICR is a reliable minimally invasive approach that might replace the CCR in primary teeth when correctly indicated.

Success Rates of Antibiotic Sterilization, Indirect Pulp Treatment, and Pulpotomy in the Management of Primary Teeth with Deep Carious Lesions.

A new concept of antibiotic sterilization has come into existence which can be used to sterilize the demineralized portion of the teeth with minimal or ultraconservative excavation of caries in deep dentinal carious lesions as an alternative for indirect pulp therapy (IPT) and pulpotomy to avoid further complications. This study was undertaken to compare the success rates of antibiotic sterilization, indirect pulp treatment, and pulpotomy in the management of primary teeth with deep carious lesion. Ninety teeth involving deep carious lesions approaching pulp in primary molars were selected and randomly divided into three groups containing 30 teeth. Group I was treated with antibiotic sterilization using 3Mix-MP paste, group II was treated with indirect pulp treatment using calcium hydroxide, and group III was treated with conventional pulpotomy using 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS) solution. Clinical and radiographic analysis of all three groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to evaluate the success of treatment procedures using predetermined criteria. Pearson's Chi-squared test and McNemar test were used for statistical analysis. At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, the overall clinical and radiographic success was determined to be 96.3% for group I, 100% for group II, and 96.4% for group III. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the success of three groups, suggesting that either of the procedures can be adopted for the management of deep carious lesions approaching pulp in primary teeth. Antibiotic sterilization can be introduced as a newer modality in the management of deep carious lesions approaching pulp in primary teeth which is ultraconservative in nature and reduces the risk of pulp exposure in comparison with indirect pulp treatment and pulpotomy procedures. Saxena D, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Success Rates of Antibiotic Sterilization, Indirect Pulp Treatment, and Pulpotomy in the Management of Primary Teeth with Deep Carious Lesions. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):237-242.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Deciduous Tooth Pulp Lose their Ability to Suppress the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells during Long-Term Culturing.

A culture of cells expressing markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (CD73, CD90, CD44, CD29, and CD49b), but not hematopoietic cell markers, and capable of multilineage differentiation was isolated from the deciduous tooth pulp. Co-culturing with immature dendritic cells in the presence of LPS did not reveal an ability of the MSC to suppress the maturation of dendritic cells. On the contrary, co-culturing of MSC with monocytes in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage CSF and IL-4 led to complete suppression of monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells. However, long-term culturing of MSC from dental pulp showed that by the passage 11, they almost completely lose their suppressor ability. These results indicate that the immunological properties of MSC can change during culturing without changing their phenotypic markers. This should be taken into account when creating biomedical cell products.

Circadian clock genes REV-ERBα regulates the secretion of IL-1β in deciduous tooth pulp stem cells by regulating autophagy in the process of physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth

Physiological root resorption is a common occurrence during the development of deciduous teeth in children. Previous research has shown that the regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment through autophagy in DDPSCs is a significant factor in this process. However, it remains unclear why there are variations in the autophagic status of DDPSCs at different stages of physiological root resorption. To address this gap in knowledge, this study examines the relationship between the circadian clock of DDPSCs, the autophagic status, and the periodicity of masticatory behavior. Samples were collected from deciduous teeth at various stages of physiological root resorption, and DDPSCs were isolated and cultured for analysis. The results indicate that the circadian rhythm of important autophagy genes, such as Beclin-1 and LC3, and the clock gene REV-ERBα in DDPSCs, disappears under mechanical stress. Additionally, the study found that REV-ERBα can regulate Beclin-1 and LC3. Evidence suggests that mechanical stress is a trigger for the regulation of autophagy via REV-ERBα. Overall, this study highlights the importance of mechanical stress in regulating autophagy of DDPSCs via REV-ERBα, which affects the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment and plays a critical role in physiological root resorption in deciduous teeth.

Evaluation of the effect of mesenchymal stromal cells from different sources on human chondrocyte proliferation

Objective: to study the effect of a conditioned medium of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources on human chondrocyte proliferation.Materials and methods. To confirm functional activity, chondrocytes were cultured in a cartilage cell-engineered construct (CEC), including 5 × 105 cells and 5 mg of tissue-specific matrix from decellularized cartilage. The conditioned medium was obtained after culturing MSCs derived from human adipose tissue (AT), MSCs derived from the pulp of primary teeth and MSCs isolated from umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly in a complete cell growth medium (CCGM). To evaluate the effect of MSC-derived secretome on chondrocyte proliferation, the conditioned medium, diluted 1 : 1 with CCGM, was added to wells containing chondrocytes. The effect of MSCs on human chondrocyte proliferation was studied by indirectly coculturing cells in CCGM using Transwell inserts. 5 × 104 MSCs were applied to the bottom of the lower chamber, and 5 × 104 human chondrocytes and 5 mg of matrix were placed in the upper chamber. Chondrocyte proliferation was assessed at days 7 and 14 by DNA quantification. Interleukin-6 content was determined as a marker of secretory activity of MSCs in the conditioned medium. The morphology of the samples was studied using histological staining methods.Results. The ability of chondrocytes to produce cartilage-specific extracellular matrix was confirmed when forming cartilage CEC with tissue-specific matrix in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. When comparing the effect of the conditioned medium of MSCs obtained from different sources on the growth of human chondrocytes in vitro, increased proliferation was observed in all samples compared to controls. Indirect co-culture of MSCs with chondrocytes as part of CEC showed increased DNA amount in all samples at day 14, with the amount of DNA in the sample with MSC conditioned medium significantly higher than the control.Conclusion. Studies on the effect of MSC conditioned medium on chondrocyte proliferation in 2D culture indicate a possible regenerative potential of MSCs for cartilage tissue repair. Within the scope of this work, we did not identify significant differences in the effect of secretome derived from MSCs that were obtained from different sources on chondrocyte proliferation. However, additional in vivo studies are warranted in the future.

Células-tronco de dentes decíduos, fonte promissora de células-tronco: revisão de literatura narrativa

Among the most progressive types of medical-scientific research, the study with stem cells stands out. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an innovative model in the treatment of diseases and injuries, presenting numerous advantages, which guarantee it will reach the population in the future. The pulp of deciduous teeth, because it is a tissue rich in stem cells, is capable of producing different cell types and offers an easy and minimally invasive way to obtain stem cells. These cells can be isolated, cultured, and expanded in vitro, differentiated in vitro and in vivo into odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, and neural cells. In addition, they have low reactions or rejection after transplantation and may remain undifferentiated and stable after long-term cryopreservation. This study aimed to review the literature on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and their possible applications in clinical practice. A bibliographic survey was carried out considering full texts published between 2000 and 2021 in the PUBMED database. In this review, current knowledge about stem cells obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, tissue engineering approaches that use SHED, and possible applications in clinical practice were addressed. When comparing SHED with stem cells from other sources, such as stem cells from permanent teeth (DPSC), bone marrow stem cells, and stem cells from the umbilical cord, it is concluded that SHED has a higher rate of proliferation and multiplication, without ethical or legal implications, representing a new approach in regenerative therapy, being a promising alternative treatment.

Online and Offline Virtual Training Versus Traditional Training on Theoretical Knowledge of Dentistry Students in Primary Tooth Pulp Treatment

Background: Higher education faced difficult conditions caused by the coronavirus pandemic after January 2020. In such a situation, education through virtual space was one of the highly important and considerable proposed programs. So far, to our knowledge, no study has compared online and offline virtual education with traditional education in dentistry students. Accordingly, this study compared the efficacy of online and offline virtual training on theoretical knowledge of dentistry students in primary tooth pulp treatment with that of traditional training. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on dental students who have taken the theoretical pediatrics 2 course in the second half of the academic year 2020-2021. All students were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people, including online and offline virtual training and traditional training (control) groups. Educational contents were delivered to students in the form of an identical PowerPoint for all groups. The PowerPoint slides were prepared and virtual and face-to-face classes were held by the same person (Instructor). In addition, the pre-test and post-test were performed virtually with the same questions (20 questions designed by the instructor). Finally, SPSS-23 was used to describe and analyze the data. Results: The participants were 60 students with an average age of 23±0.48 years, including 42 males (70.0%.). No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of gender, age, grade point average (GPA), and pre-test score (P>0.05). The post-test score was significantly higher than the pre-test score (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in terms of post-test and "post-test-pre-test" scores among the groups (P>0.05). GPA was significantly correlated with the post-test score (P<0.001) and score changes (post-test-pre-test score) (P<0.001). Conclusions: It was found that online and offline virtual education are two suitable alternatives for the traditional education of dental students in the primary teeth pulp treatment course.

Unique Transcriptional Signatures Observed in Stem Cells from the Dental Pulp of Deciduous Teeth Produced on a Large Scale

Unique Transcriptional Signatures Observed in Stem Cells from the Dental Pulp of Deciduous Teeth Produced on a Large Scale

Comparison of various pulpotomy techniques: coronal, cervical, and full pulpotomy

The preservation of deciduous teeth is crucial in pediatric dentistry to maintain normal speech, development, and self-esteem, while also preventing secondary issues like space loss and tooth impaction. Different materials and approaches have been explored over time, ranging from mummification to maintaining pulp vitality and promoting healing. In today's conservative dentistry, techniques like indirect pulp treatment and partial pulpotomy (PP) have gained popularity. Adults diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis due to deep caries often receive root canal therapy (RCT). However, coronal pulpotomy treatment (CPT) has emerged as an affordable alternative for those unable to afford RCT. CPT removes the coronal pulp, allowing the remaining pulp to remain vital. PP and complete pulpotomy are explored as treatments for teeth with signs of irreversible pulpitis. Success depends on eliminating infected tissue, using aseptic techniques, and achieving a tight restorative seal. Materials like MTA have shown favorable outcomes. Direct pulp therapy and PP can effectively preserve vital pulp in primary and young permanent teeth. The choice of pulpotomy material, such as MTA, plays a significant role in success rates.

"Contemporary Trends in Conservative Management of Pulp in Primary and Permanent Teeth"

"Contemporary Trends in Conservative Management of Pulp in Primary and Permanent Teeth"

Changes in Pulp and Roots of Deciduous Teeth during Different Stages of Physiologic Resorption: A Histologic Study.

Resorption of primary teeth and eruption of permanent teeth involves a complex series of changes. The cellular and histological changes occurring during the process of resorption vary stagewise. The knowledge of the changes occurring in the pulp of deciduous teeth would provide information about the resorptive process. To evaluate the histologic changes of the pulp of deciduous teeth related to different stages of physiologic root resorption. To establish the cause and effect relationship, a contrived histologic study design was planned. A total of 60 extracted deciduous incisors, canines, and molars were included in the study. The remaining root length (RRL) was determined based on the standardized photographs. The teeth were then grouped into three based on the percentage of RRL. The teeth were subjected to decalcification with 5% nitric acid, following which histological processing was performed. The present study being a qualitative study design, descriptively explains the histologic findings, and no statistical tests have been applied. During the initial stages of resorption, there were no histological alterations noted in the pulp, particularly in the cervical 3rd, with the cellular structure relatively maintained. As the resorption progresses, reversal lines were evident, indicating a process of repair occurring simultaneously during the process of resorption. With further advancement, the repair is overtaken by the resorption indicated by the presence of resorptive cells. Neovascularization and an increase in immune cells are also evident in advanced stages. The pulp exhibits progressive changes as the resorption continues from stage I to stage III. The changes vary from a smaller number of immune cells and odontoclasts in stage I to increasing number of the same as resorption progresses. Murthy P, Bhojraj N, Hegde U. Changes in Pulp and Roots of Deciduous Teeth during Different Stages of Physiologic Resorption: A Histologic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):437-443.

The Effect of Mixed Polymethylmethacrylate and Hydroxyapatite on Viability of Stem Cell from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and Osteoblast.

Stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) has great potential for bone tissue engineering and cell therapy for regenerative medicine. It has been combined with biomaterials such as mixed of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) as candidates for synthetic bone graft biomaterial. The aim of this study was to analyze the toxicity test of mixed PMMA-HA scaffold seeded with SHED and osteoblast in vitro. SHED was isolated from the pulp of noncarious deciduous teeth and osteoblast cells were cultured, and exposed to PMMA-HA scaffolds with three concentration groups: 20/80, 30/70, and 40/60 for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity test was performed by MTT assay to cell viability. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25, one-way analysis of variance followed by least significant difference test, considering the level of significance p-value less than 0.05 RESULTS: The percentage of SHED's viability was best in the PMMA-HA group with concentrations of 20/80, followed by 30/70, and 40/60 with 87.03, 75.33, and 65.79%, respectively. The percentage of osteoblast cell's viability was best in the PMMA-HA group with concentrations of 20/80, followed by 30/70, and 40/60 with 123.6, 108.36, and 93.48%, respectively. Mixed PMMA-HA was not toxic for the SHED and osteoblast. This characteristic is the initial requirement to be proposed as an alternative material for healing alveolar bone defects. In vivo animal research is mandatory to confirm the use of PMMA-HA on the alveolar defect model.

Relative survival and cell adhesion of multipotent mesenchymal cells from primary teeth pulp on the surface membranes and sponges produced from collagen

To study the behavior of SHED cell culture on different types of materials for the regeneration of periodontal tissues with different porosity. Porous collagen material Fibro-Gide (Geitstlich Pharma AG, Switzerland), designed to increase the volume of the gum and the barrier collagen membrane Bio-Gide (Geitstlich Pharma AG, Switzerland) were studied in vitro on SHED cultures. As a control sample, a Spongostan sponge made of gelatin (Johnson & Johnson Medical, UK) with the most pronounced porosity and wettability was used. Acute cytotoxicity was determined using a screening method for assessing the number of living cells in a sample (MTT test). SHED cells were sown on the materials to study the attachment of cells to materials and their migration inside the samples. Before seeding, the cells were stained with vital fluorescent dye PKH26 (red fluorescent cell linker kit, Sigma, Germany) for further visualization. Using the MTT test it was shown that they do not have cytotoxic effects. At the same time by the 8th day of the experiment in the presence of Fibro-Gide and Bio-Gide the cells showed an increase in proliferative activity by 19% and 12%, respectively compared with the control group. The cells attached and spread out on the surface of the materials and migrated into the thickness of porous Fibro-Gide and Spongostan. The in vitro study showed that the most favorable material for SHED cell culture is the collagen material Fibro-Gide with sufficient porosity, elasticity and hydrophilicity. SHED cells attach to the collagen matrix and easily penetrate into the sample, filling the entire internal space, while the proliferative capacity of the cell culture increases.

Sex Determination using Primary and Permanent Teeth under Different Environment Conditions: A Deoxyribonucleic Acid-based Study

Abstract Aims The purpose of this study was to determine the sex of primary and permanent tooth pulp tissue under different environmental conditions using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification method. Materials and Methods For this study, 40 permanent and primary teeth (20 males and 20 females) that were scheduled for extraction were used. For 6 months, the teeth were divided into four groups of ten (5 males and 5 females) based on different environmental conditions. The pulp was extracted from each tooth, DNA was isolated using QIAGEN’s DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, and sex was determined using a PCR technique. Results DNA was extracted from all 40 samples subjected to various environmental conditions, but sex was correctly determined in only 90% of the samples. Conclusions PCR-based sex determination using primary and permanent teeth under different environmental conditions for up to 6 months is a reliable technique with high accuracy.

Pulp Therapy of Primary Dentition; its Relevance despite Insufficient Histological Evidence: A Review.

Pulp treatment in primary dentition is generally divided into vital and non-vital pulp therapies and assists in the preservation of pulpally involved primary teeth in the dental arch until the affected tooth naturally exfoliates. The success of pulp therapies depends on several factors; e.g. proper case selection, accurate diagnosis and good coronal seal. To date, studies on the success and failure rates of pulp treatments are based on clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic findings and histological analysis. However, the clinical and radiographic evidence may not completely portray the true status of the dental pulp. Histological evidence remains the gold standard in the assessment of pulp condition, whether it is in a healthy or adverse state. The aims of the current research were to summarise the treatment outcomes of pulp therapy in primary dentition based on clinical, radiographic and histological criteria, and to support its relevance in the presence of limited histological evidence to measure authentic treatment success. An electronic database search of dental literature from 1990 to 2022 was carried out using the MEDLINE, i.e. PubMed, database. Current dental literature showed that the success rates of primary tooth pulp therapy are high. The obtained results were based largely on clinical and radiographic studies with narrow histological investigations to assess the treatment outcome(s) of pulp therapy in primary dentition. Despite the scarcity of histological evidence, pulp therapies in primary teeth are still practical due to their statistically empirical success compared to their failure. Consequently, pulp therapy of primary dentition is still relevant, and should continue to be indicated as an important treatment option.